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Sökning: WFRF:(Powell John)

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41.
  • Alam, Md. Minhaj, et al. (författare)
  • Surface pore initiated fatigue failure in laser clad components
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Journal of laser applications. - : Laser Institute of America. - 1042-346X .- 1938-1387. ; 25:3
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A laser clad and machined cylindrical structural steel rod was fatigue tested under four-point bending load. The resulting fracture could be tracked back to a spherical surface pore in the Co-based coating. Due to an oxide inclusion, the pore was not identified by dye penetrant inspection. Two circular buckling strain patterns that were detected beside the pore at the surfaces after fracture confirm local plastic deformation prior to crack initiation. In order to calculate the stress field around the surface pore, linear elastic finite element analysis was carried out. For four-point bending load, a surface pore generally exceeds the maximum stress of a smooth rod as long as the pore is located within an azimuthal angle of ±55°, which was the case for the presented as well as for another pore initiated sample.
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42.
  • Alieva, Jamila, 1987-, et al. (författare)
  • The significance of employee behaviours and soft management practices to avoid digital waste during a digital transformation
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Lean Six Sigma. - : Emerald. - 2040-4166 .- 2040-4174. ; 14:1, s. 1-32
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the perceived effects between soft management practices, employee behaviours and the implementation of digital technologies in manufacturing plants, as well as how these relate to the emergence of digital waste.Design/methodology/approach: This paper uses case-based research. Data was collected in two large manufacturing companies based in Norway and Sweden through semi-structured interviews with two management representatives and four shop-floor employees. The data was used to evaluate 29 variables describing lean- and total quality management (TQM)-associated employee behaviours and soft management practices, in light of digital transformation.Findings: The results suggest that several variables were positively influenced by the digital transformation process. These were top management leadership, middle management involvement, employee education, corporate social responsibility focus, innovation, knowledge sharing, work-family balance, psychological capital, job satisfaction and career commitment. Training employees, creativity, discretionary effort, turnover intention and proactivity appear to be negatively influenced by digital transformation The findings also indicate that several soft management practices and employee behaviours were not only influenced by manufacturing digitalization but also themselves influenced the process. The potential for digital waste creation was also detected in several variables, including reward and recognition and training employees.Practical implications: Managers, practitioners and academics may learn about the importance of certain managerial practices and employees’ behavioural needs during the digital transformation process. The findings may help in prioritizing TQM and soft lean management practices and certain employee behaviours during the digital transformation and in creating awareness of digital waste.Originality/value: This study builds on several existing studies discussing the impact of digital transformation on soft management practices and employee behaviours. It provides insights from a lean and TQM angle and offers a means of prioritizing certain practices and behaviours during a digital transformation. This study also highlights the significance of digital waste. 
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45.
  • Andersson, Roger, et al. (författare)
  • Formability behaviour of meta-stable stainless steels
  • 2005
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the 8th ESAFORM Conference on Material Forming. - Bucharest : The Romanian Academy Publishing House. - 9732711736 ; , s. 359-362
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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46.
  • Ashton, Nicholas J., et al. (författare)
  • A plasma protein classifier for predicting amyloid burden for preclinical Alzheimer's disease.
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Science advances. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 2375-2548. ; 5:2
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A blood-based assessment of preclinical disease would have huge potential in the enrichment of participants for Alzheimer's disease (AD) therapeutic trials. In this study, cognitively unimpaired individuals from the AIBL and KARVIAH cohorts were defined as Aβ negative or Aβ positive by positron emission tomography. Nontargeted proteomic analysis that incorporated peptide fractionation and high-resolution mass spectrometry quantified relative protein abundances in plasma samples from all participants. A protein classifier model was trained to predict Aβ-positive participants using feature selection and machine learning in AIBL and independently assessed in KARVIAH. A 12-feature model for predicting Aβ-positive participants was established and demonstrated high accuracy (testing area under the receiver operator characteristic curve = 0.891, sensitivity = 0.78, and specificity = 0.77). This extensive plasma proteomic study has unbiasedly highlighted putative and novel candidates for AD pathology that should be further validated with automated methodologies.
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47.
  • Atiyah, H., et al. (författare)
  • Fiber laser cutting : The use of carbon-filled acrylic as a qualitative and quantitative analysis tool
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Journal of laser applications. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 1042-346X .- 1938-1387. ; 30
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The use of carbon-filled black acrylic (CFBA) as a quantitative and qualitative analytical tool for fiber laser cutting is investigated. In the qualitative work, CFBA targets placed below the laser cutting zone when cutting stainless steel showed a distinctive “leaf” shaped evaporation crater which can provide information about the nature of the reflections taking place in the cut zone. Quantitative measurements have revealed a specific evaporation energy of 3.4 J/mm3 for CFBA. However, this figure is only applicable when considering intense beams when the CFBA target is stationary with respect to the laser beam.
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48.
  • Bastos, Carlos A.P., et al. (författare)
  • Copper nanoparticles have negligible direct antibacterial impact
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: NanoImpact. - : Elsevier BV. - 2452-0748. ; 17
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Introduction: Soluble copper that can be acquired by bacteria is toxic and therefore antimicrobial. Whether nanostructured copper materials, in either disperse or agglomerated form, have antimicrobial impact, aside from that of their dissolution products, is not clear and was herein addressed. Methods: We took five nanostructured copper materials, two metallic, and three oxo-hydroxides with one of these being silicate-substituted. Four agglomerated in the bacterial growth media whilst the silicate-substituted material remained disperse and small (6.5 nm diameter). Antibacterial activity against E. coli was assessed with copper phase distribution measured over time. Using the dose of soluble copper, and benchmark dose non-linear regression modelling, we determined how well this phase predicted antimicrobial activity. Finally, we used Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) analysis to investigate whether membrane adhe- sion effects by copper were plausible or if intracellular uptake most likely explained the bacterial impact of copper. Results: Comparison over time of antimicrobial activity against particulate or soluble phases of the aquated materials clearly demonstrated that soluble copper but not particulate forms were associated with inhibition of bacterial growth. Indeed, the benchmark dose modelling showed the soluble dose required to cause a 50% reduction in E. coli growth was strongly clustered – for all particle formulations – at 14.5 mg/L (10–19 mg/L 90% confidence interval). By comparison, total copper levels associated with the same reduction in viability varied widely (45–549 mg/L). Finally, in favour of this soluble product dominance in terms of antimicrobial activity, copper had low association with bacterial membrane (something both soluble and particulate materials could do) but showed high intra-bacterial levels (something only soluble copper could do). Conclusion: Taken together our data show that it is the uptake of soluble but not particulate copper, and the intracellular loading not just contact and membrane association, that drives copper toxicity to bacteria. Therapeutic strategies for novel antimicrobial copper compounds should consider these findings.
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49.
  • Bergström, David, et al. (författare)
  • A ray-tracing analysis of the absorption of light by smooth and rough metal surfaces
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 101:11, s. 113504-1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Ray tracing has been employed to investigate the absorption of light by smooth and random rough metal surfaces. For normally incident light the absorptance of the surface increases with surface roughness. However, for light incident at a tangent to the surface the absorptance-surface roughness relationship is more complex. For example, in certain cases the absorptance can rise, fall, and rise again as the surface roughness increases. In this paper this complex absorptance-roughness relationship is defined and explained. The wavelengths of the light chosen for this study correspond to the primary and secondary output wavelengths of Nd:YAG lasers.
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50.
  • Bergström, David, et al. (författare)
  • Absorptance of Non-Ferrous Alloys to Nd:YLF and Nd:YAG Laser Light at Room Temperature
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Applied Optics. - 1559-128X .- 2155-3165. ; 46:8, s. 1290-1301
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The measurement of absorptance is important for the analysis and modelling of laser-material interactions. Unfortunately, most of the absorptance data presently available considers only polished pure metals rather than the commercially available (unpolished, oxidised) alloys which are actually being processed in manufacturing. This paper presents the results of absorptance measurements carried out at room temperature on as-received engineering grade non-ferrous metals (Al, Cu and Zn alloys). The measurements were made using an integrating sphere with an Nd:YLF laser at two wavelengths (1053nm and 527nm � which means that the results are also valid for Nd:YAG radiation at 1064nm and 532nm). The absorptance results obtained differ considerably from existing data for polished, pure metals and should help improve the accuracy of laser-material interaction models. Some clear trends were identified. For all 22 cases studied the absorptance was higher than for ideal pure, polished metals. For all Al- and Cu-samples the absorptance was higher for the green than it was for the infrared wavelength, while for all Zn-coatings this trend was reversed. No clear correlation between absorptance and surface roughness was found at low roughness values (Sa 0.15 � 0.60) but one, rougher set of samples (Sa 2.34), indicated a roughness-absorptance correlation at higher roughness levels.
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