| 31. |
- Bauer, M., et al.
(författare)
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Solar insolation in springtime influences age of onset of bipolar I disorder
- 2017
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Ingår i: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-690X .- 1600-0447. ; 136:6, s. 571-582
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To confirm prior findings that the larger the maximum monthly increase in solar insolation in springtime, the younger the age of onset of bipolar disorder. Method: Data were collected from 5536 patients at 50 sites in 32 countries on six continents. Onset occurred at 456 locations in 57 countries. Variables included solar insolation, birth-cohort, family history, polarity of first episode and country physician density. Results: There was a significant, inverse association between the maximum monthly increase in solar insolation at the onset location, and the age of onset. This effect was reduced in those without a family history of mood disorders and with a first episode of mania rather than depression. The maximum monthly increase occurred in springtime. The youngest birth-cohort had the youngest age of onset. All prior relationships were confirmed using both the entire sample, and only the youngest birth-cohort (all estimated coefficients P < 0.001). Conclusion: A large increase in springtime solar insolation may impact the onset of bipolar disorder, especially with a family history of mood disorders. Recent societal changes that affect light exposure (LED lighting, mobile devices backlit with LEDs) may influence adaptability to a springtime circadian challenge.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Bryois, J, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of chromatin accessibility in prefrontal cortex of individuals with schizophrenia
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 9:1, s. 3121-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Schizophrenia genome-wide association studies have identified >150 regions of the genome associated with disease risk, yet there is little evidence that coding mutations contribute to this disorder. To explore the mechanism of non-coding regulatory elements in schizophrenia, we performed ATAC-seq on adult prefrontal cortex brain samples from 135 individuals with schizophrenia and 137 controls, and identified 118,152 ATAC-seq peaks. These accessible chromatin regions in the brain are highly enriched for schizophrenia SNP heritability. Accessible chromatin regions that overlap evolutionarily conserved regions exhibit an even higher heritability enrichment, indicating that sequence conservation can further refine functional risk variants. We identify few differences in chromatin accessibility between cases and controls, in contrast to thousands of age-related differential accessible chromatin regions. Altogether, we characterize chromatin accessibility in the human prefrontal cortex, the effect of schizophrenia and age on chromatin accessibility, and provide evidence that our dataset will allow for fine mapping of risk variants.
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| 35. |
- Chndrasekhararao, A. V., et al.
(författare)
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Phytoplankton response to the contrasting physical regimes in the eastern Arabian Sea during north east monsoon
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Marine Systems. - : Elsevier BV. - 0924-7963 .- 1879-1573.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phytoplankton abundance and composition in two contrasting physical regimes - convective mixing in the northeastern Arabian Sea (NEAS) and Arabian Sea mini warm pool (ASMWP) in the southeastern Arabian Sea(SEAS) - were investigated during the northeast monsoon (NEM) of 2015 and 2017. Observations in 2015 were carried out late during the season, and only one station in the north (at 21°N latitude) fell within the zone of convective mixing where microplankton was dominated by diatoms. In 2017, convective mixing occurred even at 16°N latitude, but the microplankton contribution was low, presumably due to low Si/N ratios. Within the convective mixing regime of the NEAS, chlorophyll (Chl) concentrations were higher in 2015 (maximum1080 ng L-1; average 493 ng L-1) than in 2017 (maximum 673 ng L-1; average 263 ng L-1). In contrast, picophytoplankton was dominant in the ASMWP of the SEAS with peak abundance associated with the subsurface chlorophyll maximum. A warm core eddy was present in 2015 in the SEAS where four times higherProchlorococcus counts were found within the core of the eddy than at its periphery. This study provides the first description of the phytoplankton community in the ASMWP. Our results clearly demonstrate phytoplankton response to the contrasting physical conditions, highlighting the role of biophysical coupling in the productivity of the Arabian Sea
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Islavath, Nanaji, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of hole-transporting materials on the photovoltaic performance and stability of all-ambient-processed perovskite solar cells
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Energy Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 2095-4956 .- 2096-885X. ; 26:3, s. 584-591
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High-efficiency perovskite solar cells (PSCs) reported hitherto have been mostly prepared in a moisture and oxygen-free glove-box atmosphere, which hampers upscaling and real-time performance assessment of this exciting photovoltaic technology. In this work, we have systematically studied the feasibility of all-ambient-processing of PSCs and evaluated their photovoltaic performance. It has been shown that phase-pure crystalline tetragonal MAPbI3 perovskite films are instantly formed in ambient air at room temperature by a two-step spin coating process, undermining the need for dry atmosphere and post-annealing. All-ambient-processed PSCs with a configuration of FTO/TiO2/MAPbI3/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au achieve open-circuit voltage (990 mV) and short-circuit current density (20.31 mA/cm2) comparable to those of best reported glove-box processed devices. Nevertheless, device power conversion efficiency is still constrained at 5% by the unusually low fill-factor of 0.25. Dark current–voltage characteristics reveal poor conductivity of hole-transporting layer caused by lack of oxidized spiro-OMeTAD species, resulting in high series-resistance and decreased fill-factor. The study also establishes that the above limitations can be readily overcome by employing an inorganic p-type semiconductor, copper thiocyanate, as ambient-processable hole-transporting layer to yield a fill-factor of 0.54 and a power conversion efficiency of 7.19%. The present findings can have important implications in industrially viable fabrication of large-area PSCs.The poor conductivity of ambient-processed spiro-OMeTAD HTM layer caused by lack of oxidation is identified as a major performance limiting factor and successfully overcome by replacing with stable inorganic CuSCN.
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| 38. |
- Jangamreddy, Jaganmohan Reddy, et al.
(författare)
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Glucose starvation-mediated inhibition of salinomycin induced autophagy amplifies cancer cell specific cell death
- 2015
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Ingår i: Oncotarget. - : IMPACT JOURNALS LLC. - 1949-2553. ; 6:12, s. 10134-10145
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Salinomycin has been used as treatment for malignant tumors in a small number of humans, causing far less side effects than standard chemotherapy. Several studies show that Salinomycin targets cancer-initiating cells (cancer stem cells, or CSC) resistant to conventional therapies. Numerous studies show that Salinomycin not only reduces tumor volume, but also decreases tumor recurrence when used as an adjuvant to standard treatments. In this study we show that starvation triggered different stress responses in cancer cells and primary normal cells, which further improved the preferential targeting of cancer cells by Salinomycin. Our in vitro studies further demonstrate that the combined use of 2-Fluoro 2-deoxy D-glucose, or 2-deoxy D-glucose with Salinomycin is lethal in cancer cells while the use of Oxamate does not improve cell death-inducing properties of Salinomycin. Furthermore, we show that treatment of cancer cells with Salinomycin under starvation conditions not only increases the apoptotic caspase activity, but also diminishes the protective autophagy normally triggered by the treatment with Salinomycin alone. Thus, this study underlines the potential use of Salinomycin as a cancer treatment, possibly in combination with short-term starvation or starvation-mimicking pharmacologic intervention.
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| 39. |
- Kumar, S., et al.
(författare)
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Microstructure and performance of cold sprayed Al-SiC composite coatings with high fraction of particulates
- 2017
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Ingår i: Surface & Coatings Technology. - 0257-8972 .- 1879-3347. ; 318, s. 62-71
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Deposition of metal matrix composites (MMCs) through thermal spraying has traditionally presented problems associated with heterogeneity, porosity, and low wettability of particulates with matrix. Cold spray is a very rapid deposition process which is suitable for depositing a variety of ductile materials without any thermal degradation. Many researchers have attempted to deposit Al-SiC MMCs with 10–20% SiC using this technique. In the present study, three different powder compositions (FAl-23SiC, FAl-46SiC, FAl-71SiC) obtained by mixing Al and SiC powders were cold sprayed on aluminum substrates. The volume percentage and the average size of the SiC particulates in the cold sprayed coatings were estimated and found to be 23%, 47% and 52% for FAl-23SiC, FAl-46SiC and FAl-71SiC feedstocks, respectively. Effects of percentage and size of the SiC particulate retained in the composite coatings on the mechanical properties and the sliding wear performance were studied at different sliding conditions in the as-sprayed and heat treated conditions. The results were comprehensively analyzed and found to correlate well with the microstructure of the coatings.
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| 40. |
- Lundholm, Ida V., et al.
(författare)
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Considerations for three-dimensional image reconstruction from experimental data in coherent diffractive imaging
- 2018
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Ingår i: IUCrJ. - : International Union of Crystallography. - 2052-2525. ; 5, s. 531-541
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Diffraction before destruction using X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) has the potential to determine radiation-damage-free structures without the need for crystallization. This article presents the three-dimensional reconstruction of the Melbournevirus from single-particle X-ray diffraction patterns collected at the LINAC Coherent Light Source (LCLS) as well as reconstructions from simulated data exploring the consequences of different kinds of experimental sources of noise. The reconstruction from experimental data suffers from a strong artifact in the center of the particle. This could be reproduced with simulated data by adding experimental background to the diffraction patterns. In those simulations, the relative density of the artifact increases linearly with background strength. This suggests that the artifact originates from the Fourier transform of the relatively flat background, concentrating all power in a central feature of limited extent. We support these findings by significantly reducing the artifact through background removal before the phase-retrieval step. Large amounts of blurring in the diffraction patterns were also found to introduce diffuse artifacts, which could easily be mistaken as biologically relevant features. Other sources of noise such as sample heterogeneity and variation of pulse energy did not significantly degrade the quality of the reconstructions. Larger data volumes, made possible by the recent inauguration of high repetition-rate XFELs, allow for increased signal-to-background ratio and provide a way to minimize these artifacts. The anticipated development of three-dimensional Fourier-volume-assembly algorithms which are background aware is an alternative and complementary solution, which maximizes the use of data.
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