| 221. |
- Liuba, Ioan, et al.
(författare)
-
Scar progression in patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy and ventricular arrhythmias
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Heart Rhythm. - : Elsevier. - 1547-5271 .- 1556-3871. ; 11:5, s. 755-762
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND Disease progression in patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM) is poorly understood. OBJECTIVE To assess left ventricular(LV) scar progression and dilatation by using endocardial electroanatomic mapping. METHODS We studied 13 patients with NICM and recurrent ventricular tachycardia. Two detailed sinus rhythm endocardial voltage maps(265 +/- 122 points/map) were obtained after a mean of 32 months(range 9-77 months). The scar area, defined by low bipolar (BI; less than 1.5 mV) and unipolar(UNI; less than 8.3 mV) endocardial voltage, and the LV volume were measured and compared. A scar difference of greater than 6% of the LV surface and an increase in LV volume of greater than= 20 mL were considered beyond measurement error. RESULTS Six (46%) patients had an increase in scar area beyond boundaries of prior ablation. Five patients had an increase in UNI and 1 patient had an increase in both BI and UNI areas. The increase in BI area represented 16% and the increase in UNI area represented 6.5%-46.2% of the LV surface. A significant decrease in LV ejection fraction was found only in patients with scar progression (from 39% +/- 8%:p = .0003) (LV volume increase ranging between 9% and 23%) was noted in 3 patients, all of whom had scar progression. CONCLUSIONS Progressive scarring with an increase in the area of UNI and less commonly BI electrogram abnormality is seen in 46% of the patients with NICM and ventricular tachycardia and is associated with LV dilatation and decrease in LV ejection fraction. The prominent UNI abnormality suggests predominantly midmyo-cardial or epicardial scarring.
|
|
| 222. |
- MacLeod, Matthew, et al.
(författare)
-
BETR global - A geographically-explicit global-scale multimedia contaminant fate model
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Environmental Pollution. - : Elsevier BV. - 0269-7491 .- 1873-6424. ; 159:5, s. 1442-1445
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present two new software implementations of the BETR Global multimedia contaminant fate model. The model uses steady-state or non-steady-state mass-balance calculations to describe the fate and transport of persistent organic pollutants using a desktop computer. The global environment is described using a database of long-term average monthly conditions on a 15 degrees x 15 degrees grid. We demonstrate BETR Global by modeling the global sources, transport, and removal of decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5).
|
|
| 223. |
- Mainali, Ramesh, et al.
(författare)
-
The Connection Between Galactic Outflows and the Escape of Ionizing Photons
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - : American Astronomical Society. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 940:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We analyze spectra of a gravitationally lensed galaxy, known as the Sunburst Arc, that is leaking ionizing photons, also known as the Lyman continuum (LyC). Magnification from gravitational lensing permits the galaxy to be spatially resolved into one region that leaks ionizing photons and several that do not. Rest-frame UV and optical spectra from Magellan target 10 different regions along the lensed Arc, including six multiple images of the LyC leaking region and four regions that do not show LyC emission. The rest-frame optical spectra of the ionizing photon emitting regions reveal a blueshifted (ΔV = 27 km s−1) broad emission component (FWHM = 327 km s−1), comprising 55% of the total [O iii] line flux, in addition to a narrow component (FWHM = 112 km s−1), suggesting the presence of strong highly ionized gas outflows. This is consistent with the high-velocity ionized outflow inferred from the rest-frame UV spectra. In contrast, the broad emission component is less prominent in the nonleaking regions, comprising ∼26% of total [O iii] line flux. The high-ionization absorption lines are prominent in both the leaker and the nonleaker, but the low-ionization absorption lines are very weak in the leaker, suggesting that the line-of-sight gas is highly ionized in the leaker. Analyses of stellar wind features reveal that the stellar population of the LyC leaking regions is considerably younger (∼3 Myr) than that of the nonleaking regions (∼12 Myr), emphasizing that stellar feedback from young stars may play an important role in ionizing photon escape.
|
|
| 224. |
|
|
| 225. |
|
|
| 226. |
- Mishra, Umakant, et al.
(författare)
-
Spatial heterogeneity and environmental predictors of permafrost region soil organic carbon stocks
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Science Advances. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 2375-2548. ; 7:9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Large stocks of soil organic carbon (SOC) have accumulated in the Northern Hemisphere permafrost region, but their current amounts and future fate remain uncertain. By analyzing dataset combining >2700 soil profiles with environmental variables in a geospatial framework, we generated spatially explicit estimates of permafrost-region SOC stocks, quantified spatial heterogeneity, and identified key environmental predictors. We estimated that Pg C are stored in the top 3 m of permafrost region soils. The greatest uncertainties occurred in circumpolar toe-slope positions and in flat areas of the Tibetan region. We found that soil wetness index and elevation are the dominant topographic controllers and surface air temperature (circumpolar region) and precipitation (Tibetan region) are significant climatic controllers of SOC stocks. Our results provide first high-resolution geospatial assessment of permafrost region SOC stocks and their relationships with environmental factors, which are crucial for modeling the response of permafrost affected soils to changing climate.
|
|
| 227. |
- Mohanan, Ashwin Vishnu, 1989-
(författare)
-
Advancements in stratified flows through simulation, experiment and open research software development
- 2019
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Two studies of two-dimensional models of flows influenced by stratification and stratification/rotation are carried out in order to investigate whether a two-dimensional model can reproduce a downscale energy cascade with an associated k − 5/3 wavenumber spectrum. Firstly, a series of highly resolved numerical simulations of the classical shallow water model is carried out. A forward energy cascade is observed but the dynamics is dominated by shocks, with an associated k −2-spectrum. A theory for shallow water wave turbulence is formulated and compared to the results from the simulations. Secondly, a series of simulations of a new two-dimensional toy model is carried out, showing that the model is not generating shocks and can reproduce a downscale energy cascade with an associated k − 5/3 spectrum. The energy transfer is studied in detail in Fourier space and is compared with results from a general circulation model. An experimental study of strongly stratified turbulence at the Coriolis platform in Grenoble is carried out, with the aim of testing novel theories of stratified turbulence. Turbulence is generated by traversing an array of cylinders through a tank containing stratified salt water. Velocity is measured by Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and density is measured by conductivity probes. In particular, the author has developed the software system analysing the PIV images. Preliminary results from the experiment are presented. To realise the research objectives, a set of open-source software packages are developed in Python, under the umbrella of the FluidDyn project. The packages enable execution of simulations, experiments and processing of data. The codes are well documented, tested and designed to promote development and reuse.
|
|
| 228. |
|
|
| 229. |
- Nichols, Erin K., et al.
(författare)
-
The WHO 2016 verbal autopsy instrument : An international standard suitable for automated analysis by InterVA, InSilicoVA, and Tariff 2.0
- 2018
-
Ingår i: PLoS Medicine. - : PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE. - 1549-1277 .- 1549-1676. ; 15:1
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Verbal autopsy (VA) is a practical method for determining probable causes of death at the population level in places where systems for medical certification of cause of death are weak. VA methods suitable for use in routine settings, such as civil registration and vital statistics (CRVS) systems, have developed rapidly in the last decade. These developments have been part of a growing global momentum to strengthen CRVS systems in low-income countries. With this momentum have come pressure for continued research and development of VA methods and the need for a single standard VA instrument on which multiple automated diagnostic methods can be developed.Methods and findings: In 2016, partners harmonized a WHO VA standard instrument that fully incorporates the indicators necessary to run currently available automated diagnostic algorithms. The WHO 2016 VA instrument, together with validated approaches to analyzing VA data, offers countries solutions to improving information about patterns of cause-specific mortality. This VA instrument offers the opportunity to harmonize the automated diagnostic algorithms in the future.Conclusions: Despite all improvements in design and technology, VA is only recommended where medical certification of cause of death is not possible. The method can nevertheless provide sufficient information to guide public health priorities in communities in which physician certification of deaths is largely unavailable. The WHO 2016 VA instrument, together with validated approaches to analyzing VA data, offers countries solutions to improving information about patterns of cause-specific mortality.
|
|
| 230. |
- Padamsee, Mahajabeen, et al.
(författare)
-
The genome of the xerotolerant mold Wallemia sebi reveals adaptations to osmotic stress and suggests cryptic sexual reproduction
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Fungal Genetics and Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1087-1845 .- 1096-0937. ; 49:3, s. 217-226
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wallemia (Wallemiales, Wallemiomycetes) is a genus of xerophilic Fungi of uncertain phylogenetic position within Basidiomycota. Most commonly found as food contaminants, species of Wallemia have also been isolated from hypersaline environments. The ability to tolerate environments with reduced water activity is rare in Basidiomycota. We sequenced the genome of W. sebi in order to understand its adaptations for surviving in osmotically challenging environments, and we performed phylogenomic and ultrastructural analyses to address its systematic placement and reproductive biology. W. sebi has a compact genome (9.8Mb), with few repeats and the largest fraction of genes with functional domains compared with other Basidiomycota. We applied several approaches to searching for osmotic stress-related proteins. In silico analyses identified 93 putative osmotic stress proteins; homology searches showed the HOG (High Osmolarity Glycerol) pathway to be mostly conserved. Despite the seemingly reduced genome, several gene family expansions and a high number of transporters (549) were found that also provide clues to the ability of W. sebi to colonize harsh environments. Phylogenetic analyses of a 71-protein dataset support the position of Wallemia as the earliest diverging lineage of Agaricomycotina, which is confirmed by septal pore ultrastructure that shows the septal pore apparatus as a variant of the Tremella-type. Mating type gene homologs were identified although we found no evidence of meiosis during conidiogenesis, suggesting there may be aspects of the life cycle of W. sebi that remain cryptic.
|
|
