| 61. |
- Rosell, Magdalena, et al.
(författare)
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Generation Pep Study: A population‐based survey on diet and physical activity in 12,000 Swedish children and adolescents
- 2021
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 110:9, s. 2597-2606
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim This study presents dietary intake and physical activity in a large nationally representative sample of children and adolescents in Sweden. It also reports the study protocol for the Generation Pep Study that will be used for yearly repeated measurements. Methods A random sample of children and adolescents aged 4–17 years living in Sweden was invited to fill in a Web‐based questionnaire on dietary intake and physical activity. For participants aged <12 years, the parents were asked to fill in the questionnaire together with their child. Information on socio‐economic background was collected from the parents. Results A total number of 12,441 children and adolescents participated in the study (participation rate 43%). The results indicate that 13‐ to 17‐year‐olds have notably less healthy dietary intake and lower physical activity compared with younger age groups. In general, the dietary intake was most healthy among 4‐ to 6‐year‐olds. A socio‐economic gradient was seen for many of the studied variables. Conclusion Participants of a high socio‐economic status and younger age generally had healthier dietary intake and higher physical activity. The study provides novel national data as it includes a wide age of children and adolescents (4–17 years).
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| 62. |
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| 63. |
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| 64. |
- Sjögren, P, et al.
(författare)
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Fatty acid desaturases in human adipose tissue : relationships between gene expression, desaturation indexes and insulin resistance
- 2008
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Ingår i: Diabetologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0012-186X .- 1432-0428. ; 51:2, s. 328-335
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims/hypothesis Fatty acid desaturases introduce double bonds into growing fatty acid chains. The key desaturases in humans are Delta(5)desaturase (D5D), Delta(6)-desaturase (D6D) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD). Animal and human data implicate hepatic desaturase activities in insulin resistance, obesity and dyslipidaemia. However, the role of desaturase activity in adipose tissue is uncertain. We therefore evaluated relationships between adipose mRNA expression, estimated desaturase activities (fatty acid ratios) in adipose tissue and insulin resistance. Methods Subcutaneous adipose tissue mRNA expression of D5D (also known as FADS1), D6D (also known as FADS2) and SCD was determined in 75 individuals representative of the study population of 294 healthy 63-year-old men. Desaturation indexes (product/substrate fatty acid ratios) were generated from adipose tissue fatty acid composition in all individuals. Insulin resistance was defined as the upper quartile of the updated homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-2) index. Results The relevant desaturation indexes (16:1/16:0, 18:1/18:0, 20:4/20:3 and 18:3/18:2) reflected expression of SCD, but not of D5D or D6D in adipose tissue. Insulin-resistant individuals had a higher adipose tissue 18:1/18:0, but not 16:1/16:0 ratio than insulin-sensitive individuals. Individuals with a high adipose tissue 18:1/18:0 ratio were 4.4-fold (95% CI 1.8-11.8) more likely to be insulin resistant [threefold (95% CI 1.1-8.6) after adjustment for waist circumference and plasma triacylglycerol]. In a multiple regression model predicting HOMA-2, the independent effect of the 18:1/18:0 ratio was borderline (p=0.086). Conclusions/interpretation Adipose tissue desaturation indexes of SCD reflect the expression of the gene encoding the enzyme in this tissue. Elevated SCD activity within adipose tissue is closely coupled to the development of insulin resistance.
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| 65. |
- Wahlstrom, I., et al.
(författare)
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Projected climate change impact on a coastal sea-As significant as all current pressures combined
- 2022
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Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 28:17, s. 5310-5319
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climate change influences the ocean's physical and biogeochemical conditions, causing additional pressures on marine environments and ecosystems, now and in the future. Such changes occur in environments that already today suffer under pressures from, for example, eutrophication, pollution, shipping, and more. We demonstrate how to implement climate change into regional marine spatial planning by introducing data of future temperature, salinity, and sea ice cover from regional ocean climate model projections to an existing cumulative impact model. This makes it possible to assess climate change impact in relation to pre-existing cumulative impact from current human activities. Results indicate that end-of-century projected climate change alone is a threat of the same magnitude as the combination of all current pressures to the marine environment. These findings give marine planners and policymakers forewarning on how future climate change may impact marine ecosystems, across space, emission scenarios, and in relation to other pressures.
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