| 431. |
- Solan, M., et al.
(författare)
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In situ quantification of bioturbation using time-lapse fluorescent sediment profile imaging (f-SPI), luminophore tracers and model simulation
- 2004
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Ingår i: Marine Ecology-Progress Series. - : Inter-Research Science Center. - 0171-8630 .- 1616-1599. ; 271, s. 1-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to link actual biological data on bioturbation to the abstract parameters in bioturbation models, high-resolution data on the frequency and lengths of particle displacements are required. The temporal variation in bioturbation for a subtidal macrofaunal assemblage was studied non-invasively and in situ using an optically modified fluorescence sensitive time-lapse sediment profile imaging camera (f-SPI), fluorescent-dyed sediment particles (luminophores) and mathematical modelling. This combined approach allowed tracer particles to be non-invasively tracked and their displacements monitored at an unprecedented spatial (78 mum) and temporal (every 10 min) resolution for extended periods of time (16 h). The redistribution of luminophores was digitally acquired from sequential images and compared to model predictions, with particle transport modelled as (1) a diffusive process, allowing the biodiffusion coefficient, D-b, to be estimated, and (2) a non-local process, allowing a reworking activity constant, a, to be calculated. Model predictions of luminophore particle transport for the final image of the f-SPI sequence gave: D-b = 1.26 x 10(2) cm(2) yr(-1); a = 5.23 x 10(-2) cm(-1) yr(-1). Discrete values of a fluctuated widely throughout the sequence and allowed discrete bioturbation events to be identified. Time-lapse movie sequences revealed that most of the bioturbation observed during the deployment could be directly attributed to the behaviour of the brachyuran crab Hyas araneus. Our findings demonstrate that f-SPI provides a rapid and non-invasive means to visualise and quantify, in situ, the extent and influence of discrete infaunal bioturbation events on particle mixing. This technique provides detailed information on the spatial and temporal resolution of such bioturbation events, which could significantly improve existing models of bioturbation.
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| 432. |
- Spertus, John A, et al.
(författare)
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Health-Status Outcomes with Invasive or Conservative Care in Coronary Disease.
- 2020
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Ingår i: New England Journal of Medicine. - 0028-4793 .- 1533-4406. ; 382:15, s. 1408-1419
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: In the ISCHEMIA trial, an invasive strategy with angiographic assessment and revascularization did not reduce clinical events among patients with stable ischemic heart disease and moderate or severe ischemia. A secondary objective of the trial was to assess angina-related health status among these patients.METHODS: We assessed angina-related symptoms, function, and quality of life with the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) at randomization, at months 1.5, 3, and 6, and every 6 months thereafter in participants who had been randomly assigned to an invasive treatment strategy (2295 participants) or a conservative strategy (2322). Mixed-effects cumulative probability models within a Bayesian framework were used to estimate differences between the treatment groups. The primary outcome of this health-status analysis was the SAQ summary score (scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better health status). All analyses were performed in the overall population and according to baseline angina frequency.RESULTS: At baseline, 35% of patients reported having no angina in the previous month. SAQ summary scores increased in both treatment groups, with increases at 3, 12, and 36 months that were 4.1 points (95% credible interval, 3.2 to 5.0), 4.2 points (95% credible interval, 3.3 to 5.1), and 2.9 points (95% credible interval, 2.2 to 3.7) higher with the invasive strategy than with the conservative strategy. Differences were larger among participants who had more frequent angina at baseline (8.5 vs. 0.1 points at 3 months and 5.3 vs. 1.2 points at 36 months among participants with daily or weekly angina as compared with no angina).CONCLUSIONS: In the overall trial population with moderate or severe ischemia, which included 35% of participants without angina at baseline, patients randomly assigned to the invasive strategy had greater improvement in angina-related health status than those assigned to the conservative strategy. The modest mean differences favoring the invasive strategy in the overall group reflected minimal differences among asymptomatic patients and larger differences among patients who had had angina at baseline. (Funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and others; ISCHEMIA ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01471522.).
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| 433. |
- Stoner, Marie C. D., et al.
(författare)
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The effects of participation in an intensive HIV prevention trial on long-term socio-demographic outcomes among young women in rural South Africa
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 1525-4135 .- 1944-7884. ; 93:1, s. 1-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Research trial participation may influence health outcomes regardless of the intervention assigned, but is often not assessed.Setting: We investigated how participation in an HIV prevention trial (the HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 068 study) affected health outcomes 4 years after the study in adolescent girls and young women in South Africa beyond effects of the tested intervention.Methods: We developed an analytical cohort that included the HIV Prevention 068 trial (HPTN 068) trial participants from the Agincourt Health and Demographic Surveillance System and resembled HPTN 068 trial enrollees (aged 13-20 years and in grades 8-11 in 2011) using inverse probability of treatment weights. We estimated risk differences for the association between trial participation and education and early parity (age <20 years) in 2019, after accounting for differences at baseline between the trial participants and nonparticipants.Results: There were 3442 young women enrolled in grades 8-11 in 2011; 1669 were in the HPTN 068 trial. Trial participants were more likely to have completed secondary school by 2019 (adjusted RD (aRD) 5.0%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.2%, 7.9%; 82.3% in trial participants vs. 77.2% in nonparticipants). Trial participants had similar risk of parity before age 20 compared with nontrial participants (aRD 2.3%, 95% CI: -0.8%, 5.5%).Conclusions: Trial participation did not seem to influence early parity, but did increase educational attainment. Our results are compatible with an explanation of Hawthorne effects from trial participation on schooling behaviors that were small, but observable even 4 years after the end of the trial.
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| 434. |
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| 435. |
- Tenore, K. R., et al.
(författare)
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Characterizing the role benthos plays in large coastal seas and estuaries: A modular approach
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-0981. ; 330:1, s. 392-402
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ecologists studying coastal and estuarine benthic communities have long taken a macroecological view, by relating benthic community patterns to environmental factors across several spatial scales. Although many general ecological patterns have been established, often a significant amount of the spatial and temporal variation in soft-sediment communities within and among systems remains unexplained. Here we propose a framework that may aid in unraveling the complex influence of environmental factors associated with the different components of coastal systems (i.e. the terrestrial and benthic landscapes, and the hydrological seascape) on benthic communities, and use this information to assess the role played by benthos in coastal ecosystems. A primary component of the approach is the recognition of system modules (e.g. marshes, dendritic systems, tidal rivers, enclosed basins, open bays, lagoons). The modules may differentially interact with key forcing functions (e.g. temperature, salinity, currents) that influence system processes and in turn benthic responses and functions. Modules may also constrain benthic characteristics and related processes within certain ecological boundaries and help explain their overall spatio-temporal variation. We present an example of how benthic community characteristics are related to the modular structure of 14 coastal seas and estuaries, and show that benthic functional group composition is significantly related to the modular structure of these systems. We also propose a framework for exploring the role of benthic communities in coastal systems using this modular approach and offer predictions of how benthic communities may vary depending on the modular composition and characteristics of a coastal system. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 436. |
- Teras, Lauren R., et al.
(författare)
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Body size and multiple myeloma mortality : a pooled analysis of 20 prospective studies
- 2014
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Ingår i: British Journal of Haematology. - : WILEY-BLACKWELL. - 0007-1048 .- 1365-2141. ; 166:5, s. 667-676
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multiple myeloma (MM) is a rare but highly fatal malignancy. High body weight is associated with this cancer, but several questions remain regarding the aetiological relevance of timing and location of body weight. To address these questions, we conducted a pooled analysis of MM mortality using 1.5 million participants (including 1388 MM deaths) from 20 prospective cohorts in the National Cancer Institute Cohort Consortium. Proportional hazards regression was used to calculate pooled multivariate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Associations with elevated MM mortality were observed for higher early-adult body mass index (BMI; HR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.09-1.35 per 5 kg/m(2)) and for higher cohort-entry BMI (HR 1.09, 95% CI: 1.03-1.16 per 5 kg/m(2)) and waist circumference (HR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.02-1.10 per 5 cm). In analyses of the joint effect of young adult and baseline BMI, women who were the heaviest, both in early adulthood (BMI 25+) and at cohort entry (BMI 30+) were at greater risk compared to those with BMI 18.5 = 25 at both time points (HR = 1.95, 95% CI: 1.33-2.86) but there was no significant association in men. Waist-to-hip ratio and height were not associated with MM mortality. These observations suggest that overall, and possibly also central, obesity influence myeloma mortality, and women have the highest risk of death from this cancer if they remain heavy throughout adulthood.
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| 437. |
- Teufel, Felix, et al.
(författare)
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SignalP 6.0 predicts all five types of signal peptides using protein language models
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature Biotechnology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1087-0156 .- 1546-1696. ; 40:7, s. 1023-1025
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Signal peptides (SPs) are short amino acid sequences that control protein secretion and translocation in all living organisms. SPs can be predicted from sequence data, but existing algorithms are unable to detect all known types of SPs. We introduce SignalP 6.0, a machine learning model that detects all five SP types and is applicable to metagenomic data. A new version of SignalP predicts all types of signal peptides.
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| 438. |
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| 439. |
- Thur, Jochen, et al.
(författare)
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Mutations in cartilage oligomeric matrix protein causing pseudoachondroplasia and multiple epiphyseal dysplasia affect binding of calcium and collagen I, II, and IX
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of Biological Chemistry. - 1083-351X. ; 276:9, s. 6083-6092
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mutations in type 3 repeats of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) cause two skeletal dysplasias, pseudoachondroplasia (PSACH) and multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (MED). We expressed recombinant wild-type COMP that showed structural and functional properties identical to COMP isolated from cartilage. A fragment encompassing the eight type 3 repeats binds 14 calcium ions with moderate affinity and high cooperativity and presumably forms one large disulfide-bonded folding unit. A recombinant PSACH mutant COMP in which Asp-469 was deleted (D469 Delta) and a MED mutant COMP in which Asp-361 was substituted by Tyr (D361Y) were both secreted into the cell culture medium of human cells. Circular dichroism spectroscopy revealed only small changes in the secondary structures of D469 Delta and D361Y, demonstrating that the mutations do not dramatically affect the folding and stability of COMP. However, the local conformations of the type 3 repeats were disturbed, and the number of bound calcium ions was reduced to 10 and 8, respectively. In addition to collagen I and II, collagen IX also binds to COMP with high affinity. The PSACH and MED mutations reduce the binding to collagens I, II, and IX and result in an altered zinc dependence. These interactions may contribute to the development of the patient phenotypes and may explain why MED can also be caused by mutations in collagen IX genes.
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| 440. |
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