| 91. |
- Sukhodolsky, Denis G, et al.
(författare)
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Association of normative beliefs and anger with aggression and antisocial behavior in Russian male juvenile offenders and high school students.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. - 0091-0627 .- 1573-2835. ; 32:2, s. 225-36
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Examined the association of anger experience and two types of normative beliefs with physical aggression and nonaggressive antisocial behavior in 361 juvenile offenders and 206 high school students in Russia. All participants were male and ranged in age from 14 to 18 years. Higher frequency of aggressive acts was significantly associated with higher levels of anger and stronger beliefs that physical aggression is an appropriate course of action in conflicts. After statistically controlling for nonaggressive antisocial behavior, the relationship between physical aggression and antisocial beliefs was not significant. Similarly, with physical aggression controlled, nonaggressive antisocial behavior was uniquely associated with approval of deviancy, but not with anger or beliefs legitimizing aggression. Juvenile offenders reported higher levels of anger experience and higher frequency of aggression and antisocial behavior compared to high school students. There were no differences in normative beliefs between these two groups. This specificity of association of social-cognitive and emotion-regulation processes to aggressive and nonaggressive forms of antisocial behavior may be relevant to understanding the mechanisms of cognitive-behavioral therapy for conduct disorder and antisocial behavior.
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| 92. |
- Sukhodolsky, Denis G, et al.
(författare)
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Evidence-based psychosocial treatments in the juvenile justice system
- 2006
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Ingår i: Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America. - : Elsevier BV. - 1056-4993 .- 1558-0490. ; 15:2, s. 501-16, x
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the past three decades, considerable progress has been made in the development, implementation, and evaluation of psychosocial treatments focused on alleviation of risk factors of delinquency, reduction of juvenile crime, and prevention of recidivism. This article reviews selected youth-, family-, and community-based psychosocial treatments for delinquent behavior that are likely to be used in the juvenile justice system and evidence-based psychosocial treatments for internalizing disorders that have a potential for being successfully implemented in the juvenile justice system. The authors discuss the practical issues in dissemination and implementation of evidence-based psychosocial treatments in the juvenile justice system.
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| 93. |
- Tingstedt, Olga, et al.
(författare)
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Somatic symptoms and internalizing problems in urban youth : a cross-cultural comparison of Czech and Russian adolescents.
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press. - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 28:3, s. 480-484
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Although the association between somatic complaints and internalizing problems (anxiety, somatic anxiety and depression) is well established, it remains unclear whether the pattern of this relationship differs by gender and in different cultures. The aim of this study was to examine cross-cultural and gender-specific differences in the association between somatic complaints and internalizing problems in youth from the Czech Republic and Russia.Methods: The Social and Health Assessment, a self-report survey, was completed by representative community samples of adolescents, age 12-17 years, from the Czech Republic (N = 4770) and Russia (N = 2728).Results: A strong association was observed between somatic complaints and internalizing psychopathology. Although the levels of internalizing problems differed by country and gender, they increased together with and largely in a similar way to somatic complaints for boys and girls in both countries.Conclusion: The association between somatic symptoms and internalizing problems seems to be similar for boys and girls across cultures.
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| 94. |
- Vermeiren, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Exposure to violence and suicide risk in adolescents : a community study.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. - 0091-0627 .- 1573-2835. ; 30:5, s. 529-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The prevalence of violence exposure is relatively unexplored in adolescents in European communities, and reports on the association between exposure to community violence and suicidal behavior are rare. The aim of this study was to investigate (1) the prevalence of community violence in a European urban adolescent sample, (2) the relationship between exposure to community violence and suicidal ideation/deliberate self-harm, and (3) the influence of depressive symptoms and aggressive behavior on this relationship. Self-report surveys were administered to a representative school-based sample of 1509 adolescents in Antwerp (Belgium). The prevalence rate of violence exposure was still high but lower than that reported in U.S. communities. Suicidal ideation and deliberate self-harm were both related to violence exposure. The gender-specific influence of depressive symptomatology and aggressive behavior on the association between exposure to violence and suicidal behavior suggests the need for further research.
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| 95. |
- Vermeiren, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Juvenile arrest : a cross-cultural comparison.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. - 0021-9630 .- 1469-7610. ; 45:3, s. 567-76
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Cross-national studies describing the psychopathological characteristics of arrested adolescents are virtually non-existent. Such studies are important because they have implications for national policy on arrest, case-management, and future research.METHOD: To address this issue, self-report surveys administered to representative groups of 12- to 16-year-old adolescents in New Haven, USA (N = 1138) and Antwerp, Belgium (N = 627) were compared. A number of internalizing and deviant behavior variables were compared between controls (C), non-arrested antisocial (NA), and arrested antisocial (AR) participants.RESULTS: Similar cross-national arrest rates and levels of antisocial behavior were found. NA and AR youths in both countries reported more internalizing problems, except for anxiety, and more deviant characteristics. Contrary to expectations, the level of depression was not higher in AR compared to NA youth when differences in antisocial behavior between NA and AR were controlled. Also unexpected, arrest showed an independent association with a number of deviant behavior variables.CONCLUSIONS: Further research should investigate the underlying mechanisms of these associations, as this insight would be useful for developing future intervention and prevention programs, as well as for developing future national policies regarding juvenile antisocial behavior.
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| 96. |
- Vermeiren, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Neuropsychological characteristics of three subgroups of Flemish delinquent adolescents.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Neuropsychology. - 0894-4105 .- 1931-1559. ; 16:1, s. 49-55
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sixty-three adjudicated adolescents, aged 14-17 years, were followed for 2 years to examine the neuropsychological characteristics of subgroups of delinquents. Nonrecidivistic subjects (n = 29) and late recidivistic subjects (n = 22) differed from early recidivistic subjects (n = 12) on intelligence, self-control functioning, and memory. Late recidivistic subjects, compared with not recidivistic subjects, showed a lower verbal IQ. The differences remained when controlling for the level of substance abuse. This study suggests that neuropsychological assessment may help in differentiating delinquent adolescents, although more research is needed to unravel the mediating influences of substance abuse and early neuropsychological and academic problems.
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| 97. |
- Vermeiren, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Predicting recidivism in delinquent adolescents from psychological and psychiatric assessment.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Comprehensive Psychiatry. - 0010-440X .- 1532-8384. ; 43:2, s. 142-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An important but sparse body of research focuses on psychiatric disorders and/or psychological characteristics as predictors of recidivism in delinquent adolescents. Through detailed psychiatric and psychological assessment in 64 adjudicated male juvenile delinquents, the current study investigated the long-term relationships between psychopathology, intellectual functioning, and recidivism. Psychiatric diagnosis was based on the results of a semistructured interview conducted both with delinquents and their parents. After 2 years, information on recidivism was retrieved from the official records for the 64 subjects who underwent an initial assessment and the 36 who did not but who were adjudicated during the same period. The statistical model of future offending was able to explain 44.0% of the variance through the combination of (1) diagnosis of conduct disorder, (2) absence of major depression, and (3) low verbal IQ as scored on a standard intelligence test. It is concluded that specific aspects of psychiatric and psychological assessment can help to predict recidivist offending in delinquent adolescents. Future research should focus on the possibilities of implementing these findings in the development of prevention and rehabilitation programs.
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| 98. |
- Vermeiren, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Subtypes of self-esteem and self-concept in adolescent violent and property offenders.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. - 0021-9630 .- 1469-7610. ; 45:2, s. 405-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To investigate the relationship between subtypes of self-esteem/self-concept (familial, academic, social, and personal security) and antisocial behavior in adolescents (violent and property offending).METHOD: A self-report survey was administered in a representative group of 1466 students aged 12 to 18.RESULTS: Both low family acceptance and low academic competence were found to predict property and violent offending, while high peer popularity was found to predict mainly violent offending.CONCLUSION: The finding that subtypes of self-esteem/self-concept present differently in antisocial adolescents may have clinical and scientific consequences, and such differentiation should be considered in future research. It should also be investigated whether this finding has therapeutic consequences.
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| 99. |
- Vermeiren, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Violence exposure and substance use in adolescents : findings from three countries.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Pediatrics. - 1098-4275. ; 111:3, s. 535-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To investigate relationships between exposure to community violence (witnessing and victimization) and reported substance use (cigarettes, alcohol, marijuana, and hard drugs) in a cross-national sample of adolescents, after controlling for the level of the adolescents' own violent behavior.METHOD: A self-report survey was conducted in 3380 14- to 17-year-old adolescents in urban communities of 3 different countries: Antwerp, Belgium (N = 958); Arkangelsk, Russia (N = 1036); and New Haven, Connecticut (N = 1386).RESULTS: In all 3 countries, levels of reported smoking, alcohol use, marijuana use, and hard drug use showed increases with adolescent exposure to violence. Although positively related, substance use was increased less markedly in US adolescents who witnessed violence.CONCLUSION: Current findings further emphasize the association between violence exposure and potential severe physical and psychosocial health problems in adolescents. In addition, the findings suggest that violence exposure and its consequences are a worldwide urban phenomenon. Cross-national differences were found, however, that warrant additional research, and prospective studies are needed to investigate the pathways from violence exposure to substance abuse.
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| 100. |
- Väfors Fritz, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Antisocial process screening device : Validation on a Russian sample of juvenile delinquents with the emphasis on the role of personality and parental rearing
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal of Law and Psychiatry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0160-2527 .- 1873-6386. ; 31:5, s. 438-446
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objectives of the present study were 1) to validate the Antisocial Process Screening Device (APSD) in a sample of Russian juvenile delinquents; 2) to examine subgroups of delinquents with higher versus lower levels of childhood problem behaviors with respect to the APSD subscales, personality traits, and parental rearing; and 3) to attempt to replicate the previous finding that the APSD subscale measuring callous/unemotional traits can differentiate subgroups of delinquents with different precursors for problem behaviors (predominantly biological versus predominantly social). A group of 250 Russian juvenile inmates (mean age = 16.4) was examined by means of the APSD completed by the staff at the correctional institution. The inmates completed several self-reports assessing their current and childhood behavior problems, personality traits and experienced parental rearing practices. A factor structure of the APSD was obtained that is similar, albeit not identical, to that from the original studies by Frick and colleagues [Frick, P.J., O'Brien, B.S., Wootton, J.M., McBurnett, K., (1994). Psychopathy and conduct problems in children. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 103, 700–707]; [Frick, P.J., Barry, C.T., Bodin, S.D., (1999). Applying the concept of psychopathy to children: Implications for the Assessment of antisocial youth. In Gacono, C.B. (Ed), The clinical and forensic assessment of psychopathy: A practitioners guide. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum]; [Frick, P.J., Lilienfeld, S.O., Ellis, M., Loney, B., Silverthorn, P., (1999). The association between anxiety and psychopathy dimensions in children. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 27, 383–392]; callous unemotional traits in the present sample were expressed in manipulative behavior. Results further disclosed higher levels of antisocial and aggressive activities, higher levels of personality attributes such as narcissism and novelty seeking, as well as lower cooperativeness, and negatively perceived parental rearing in a subgroup with higher (versus lower) number of childhood symptoms of conduct disorder and oppositional disorder. The juvenile delinquents with higher levels as compared to lower levels of callous unemotional traits also perceived their parents as using more negative rearing strategies. The findings are discussed in terms of interactional processes between personality of the juvenile delinquents and parental rearing in the development of antisocial behavior.
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