| 1451. |
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| 1452. |
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| 1453. |
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| 1454. |
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| 1455. |
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| 1456. |
- González-Gloria, Karla D., et al.
(författare)
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Biochemical and biorefinery platform for second-generation bioethanol : fermentative strategies and microorganisms
- 2024
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Ingår i: Fermentation. - : MDPI. - 2311-5637. ; 10:7
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bioethanol is the most commonly used biofuel. It is an alternative to replace fossil fuels in renewable energy; it can be produced from lignocellulosic feedstock using a biotechnological process. Their participation of microorganisms is crucial in the bioconversion process of fermentation for ethanol production and can involve bacteria, fungi, and yeasts. However, when working within bioethanol processes from lignocellulose feedstock, microorganisms face some challenges, such as high temperature, high solids content, and the ability to ferment sugars for high ethanol concentration. Such challenges will depend on operative strategies, such as simultaneous saccharification and fermentation, separate hydrolysis and fermentation, semi-simultaneous saccharification and fermentation, and consolidated bioprocessing; these are the most common configurations. This review presents different trends of the microbial role, biochemical application, and fermentation operative strategies for bioethanol production of the second generation.
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| 1457. |
- Groeneveld, IF, et al.
(författare)
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Health-related quality of life of Spanish children with cystic fibrosis
- 2012
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Ingår i: Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-2649. ; 21:10, s. 1837-1845
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 1458. |
- Guardamagna, M, et al.
(författare)
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Gut Microbiota and Therapy in Metastatic Melanoma: Focus on MAPK Pathway Inhibition
- 2022
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Ingår i: International journal of molecular sciences. - : MDPI AG. - 1422-0067. ; 23:19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gut microbiome (GM) and its either pro-tumorigenic or anti-tumorigenic role is intriguing and constitutes an evolving landscape in translational oncology. It has been suggested that these microorganisms may be involved in carcinogenesis, cancer treatment response and resistance, as well as predisposition to adverse effects. In melanoma patients, one of the most immunogenic cancers, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) and MAPK-targeted therapy—BRAF/MEK inhibitors—have revolutionized prognosis, and the study of the microbiome as a modulating factor is thus appealing. Although BRAF/MEK inhibitors constitute one of the main backbones of treatment in melanoma, little is known about their impact on GM and how this might correlate with immune re-induction. On the contrary, ICI and their relationship to GM has become an interesting field of research due to the already-known impact of immunotherapy in modulating the immune system. Immune reprogramming in the tumor microenvironment has been established as one of the main targets of microbiome, since it can induce immunosuppressive phenotypes, promote inflammatory responses or conduct anti-tumor responses. As a result, ongoing clinical trials are evaluating the role of fecal microbiota transplant (FMT), as well as the impact of using dietary supplements, antibiotics and probiotics in the prediction of response to therapy. In this review, we provide an overview of GM’s link to cancer, its relationship with the immune system and how this may impact response to treatments in melanoma patients. We also discuss insights about novel therapeutic approaches including FMT, changes in diet and use of probiotics, prebiotics and symbiotics. Finally, we hypothesize on the possible pathways through which GM may impact anti-tumor efficacy in melanoma patients treated with targeted therapy, an appealing subject of which little is known.
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| 1459. |
- Gurrani, Swapnil, et al.
(författare)
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Biomass Hydrolyzing Enzymes
- 2024
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Ingår i: <em>Biomass Hydrolyzing Enzymes: Basics, Advancements, and Applications</em>. - : CRC Press. ; , s. 3-13
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Lignocellulosic biomass is the most abundant, ubiquitous polymer on Earth available to benefit mankind. Biomass biorefinery has taken center stage in the world’s economy and is becoming diverse with time. With biorefinery, cascades of products can be obtained from biomass rather than a single product. It is a complex structure that consists of three polymers as cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, linked to each other in a compact intricate manner making it difficult to be attacked by microorganisms. Still, many microorganisms have evolved strategies to consume this abundant material as an energy source. Degradation of lignocellulosic biomass is not only a survival strategy for these microbes, but its destruction also plays a pivotal role in carbon recycling of Earth through the fixation of photosynthetically fixed carbon present in plant biomass. Mankind has explored the capacity of microorganisms to produce polymer-degrading enzymes to deconstruct its basic components. Biomass-degrading enzymes have attracted researchers worldwide as this is the most sustainable way to obtain fermentable sugars from this most abundant biomass. Synergism among enzymes as well as their various components are presented along with challenges of biomass hydrolysis and probable solutions. © 2024 selection and editorial matter, Reeta Rani Singhania, Anil Kumar Patel, Héctor A. Ruiz, Ashok Pandey; individual chapters, the contributors.
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| 1460. |
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