| 161. |
- von Bibra, Helene, et al.
(författare)
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Contrast echocardiography
- 2000
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Ingår i: Zeitschrift für Kardiologie. - 0300-5860 .- 1435-1285. ; 89, s. 86-96
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The intravenous application of an ultrasound contrast agent induces enhanced display of blood in all its pathways. Within cardiology, this principle is mainly utilized for signal enhancement of color Doppler and spectral Doppler in order to improve quantification of congenital and acquired valvular lesions and also for improved endocardial delineation during stress tests and in the evaluation of LV function. The new domaine of myocardial perfusion imaging by contrast echocardiography, however, needed profound technical developments before realization of the clinical potential could even be conceived. These are based on the complex reactions of microbubbbles in the acoustic field in order to allow the sensitive and bubble specific display of intramyocardial contrast effects. The presently available acquisition techniques, second harmonic imaging and harmonic power Doppler, demonstrate significant improvements if compared to traditional fundamental 2-d echocardiography, however, they are still subjected to important limitations. There are many anatomical, physiological, and technical reasons for insufficient display of intramyocardial microbubbles, the most important one being attenuation. It is hoped that the most recently developed imaging modality, pulse inversion technique, allows the necessary diagnostic accuracy and reproducibility in myocardial perfusion imaging.
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| 162. |
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| 163. |
- Wallensteen, Peter, 1945-, et al.
(författare)
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El Código de Ética para Científicos de la Universidad de Uppsala”
- 2010
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Ingår i: Estudios y documentos en política científica de América Latina y el Caribe, Volumen II. - Montevideo : Oficina Regional de Ciencia para América Latina y el Caribe de UNESCO.
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 164. |
- Wallner, Lars, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Students’ Constructions of Professional Judgement in Teacher Education, Medical Education and Police Education
- 2024
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Ingår i: Högre Utbildning. - 2000-7558. ; 14:1, s. 49-63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vocational training programmes in higher education encompass, as learning objectives, the development of relational skills and professional judgement, especially in welfare professions such as policing, teaching and healthcare, where know-how about managing close contact with people is a prerequisite. Based on a cross-professional analysis, the current article explores how students from three different professional education programmes – teacher education, police training and medical education – construct professional judgement in group discussions and interviews. The results show that participants construct professional judgement as relationships between three different dimensions: personal ethics, educational standards, and professional practice. When discussing professional dilemmas, students utilise these three different dimensions to argue for the moral or ethical soundness of their choices. The results of the study shed light on the importance of providing students with opportunities to reflect openly on professional judgement in different ways, even though such reflections may not always be formally assessed. Furthermore, the analysis demonstrates similarities between the three programmes that we analysed, as well as similarities in students’ reflections regarding essential aspects of the professions.
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| 165. |
- Wang, Anne, et al.
(författare)
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Androgen receptor polymorphism, testosterone levels, and prognosis in patients with acute myocardial infarction
- 2021
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Ingår i: European Heart Journal Open. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2752-4191. ; 1:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims Low testosterone has been associated with cardiovascular disease in men but with contradictory findings. Testosterone bind to the androgen receptor and polymorphisms of the receptor gene such as CAG repeat length may affect transcriptional activity, possibly mitigating testosterone effects. The aims were to study the CAG repeat length and testosterone levels at four time points following a myocardial infarction (MI) and to analyse possible relationships between CAG repeat length and cardiovascular prognosis. Methods and results Male patients admitted for acute MI (n = 122) from the Glucose in Acute Myocardial Infarction study were included. Blood samples were drawn at four time points (day after admission, at discharge, and at 3 and 12 months post-infarction) for assessment of testosterone levels. Patients were followed for a median of 11.6 years. Cox regression analyses were performed for CAG repeat length by one unit increment and by > vs. <_median for cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality. Median CAG repeat length was 20. There was no difference in testosterone levels at each time point when dividing the cohort into <_ vs. >CAG repeat median (=20). There was no association between CAG repeat length either as a continuous or categorical variable in unadjusted and age-adjusted Cox analyses for cardiovascular events. While CAG >20 was associated with all-cause mortality in unadjusted analyses (hazard ratio 2.19, 95% confidence interval 1.13–4.22; P = 0.02), it did not remain significant following adjustment for age. Conclusion CAG repeat length was not associated with testosterone levels or prognosis in men with acute MI.
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| 166. |
- Wang, Anne, et al.
(författare)
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Testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin and risk of cardiovascular events : A report from the Outcome Reduction with an Initial Glargine Intervention trial
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Journal of Preventive Cardiology. - : Sage Publications. - 2047-4873 .- 2047-4881. ; 26:8, s. 847-854
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: Testosterone and its binding protein sex hormone-binding globulin have been associated with cardiovascular disease and dysglycaemia. However, information on the prognostic implication in patients at high cardiovascular risk with dysglycaemia is inconsistent. The study objective was to determine whether testosterone and/or sex hormone-binding globulin predict cardiovascular events or death in dysglycaemic patients.Methods: Dysglycaemic males at high cardiovascular risk (n = 5553) who participated in the Outcome Reduction with an Initial Glargine Intervention (ORIGIN) trial and provided baseline blood samples were studied. Testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin were measured at baseline and used to estimate free testosterone. Low levels of total and free testosterone were defined as ≤300 ng/dl and ≤7 ng/dl, respectively. Patients were followed for six years for cardiovascular events (defined as the composite of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction or stroke) and all-cause mortality.Results: The mean total and free testosterone levels were 416.6 ng/dl and 8.4 ng/dl, and low levels were present in 13% and 37% of the patients. The median sex hormone-binding globulin level was 35 nmol/l. In Cox regression models adjusted for age, previous diseases and pharmacological treatment, neither total nor free testosterone predicted cardiovascular events. However, a one-standard-deviation increase in sex hormone-binding globulin predicted both cardiovascular events (hazard ratio 1.07; 95% confidence interval 1.00–1.14; p = 0.03) and all-cause mortality (hazard ratio 1.13; 95% confidence interval 1.06–1.21; p < 0.01).Conclusion: Sex hormone-binding globulin, but not total testosterone, predicts cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in dysglycaemic males at high cardiovascular risk.
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| 167. |
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| 168. |
- West, Christina E., et al.
(författare)
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Gut microbiome and innate immune response patterns in IgE-associated eczema
- 2015
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Ingår i: Clinical and Experimental Allergy. - : Wiley. - 0954-7894 .- 1365-2222. ; 45:9, s. 1419-1429
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Gut microbiome patterns have been associated with predisposition to eczema potentially through modulation of innate immune signaling. Objective We examined gut microbiome development in the first year of life in relation to innate immune responses and onset of IgE-associated eczema over the first 2.5 years in predisposed children due to maternal atopy [www.anzctr.org.au, trial ID ACTRN12606000280505]. Methods Microbial composition and diversity were analyzed with barcoded 16S rRNA 454 pyrosequencing in stool samples in pregnancy and at ages 1 week, 1 month and 12 months in infants (n=10) who developed IgE-associated eczema and infants who remained free of any allergic symptoms at 2.5 years of age (n=10). Microbiome data at 1 week and 1 month were analyzed in relation to previously assessed immune responses to TLR 2 and 4 ligands at 6 months of age. Results The relative abundance of Gram-positive Ruminococcaceae was lower at 1 week of age in infants developing IgE-associated eczema, compared with controls (p=0.0047). At that age, the relative abundance of Ruminococcus was inversely associated with TLR2 induced IL-6 (-0.567, p=0.042) and TNF-α (-0.597, p=0.032); there was also an inverse association between the abundance of Proteobacteria (comprising Gram-negative taxa) and TLR4 induced TNF-α (rs= -0.629, p=0.024). This relationship persisted at 1 month, with inverse associations between the relative abundance of Enterobacteriaceae (within the Protebacteria phylum) and TLR4 induced TNF-α (rs=-0.697, p=0.038) and Enterobacteriaceae and IL-6 (rs=-0.709, p=0.035). Mothers whose infants developed IgE-associated eczema had lower α-diversity of Bacteroidetes (p=0.04) although this was not seen later in their infants. At 1 year, α-diversity of Actinobacteria was lower in infants with IgE-associated eczema compared with controls (p=0.002). Conclusion and clinical relevance Our findings suggest that reduced relative abundance of potentially immunomodulatory gut bacteria is associated with exaggerated inflammatory cytokine responses to TLR ligands and subsequent development of IgE-associated eczema. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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| 169. |
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| 170. |
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