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Sökning: WFRF:(Salzer U)

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21.
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22.
  • Sigl, M., et al. (författare)
  • Timing and climate forcing of volcanic eruptions for the past 2,500 years
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 523:7562, s. 543-549
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Volcanic eruptions contribute to climate variability, but quantifying these contributions has been limited by inconsistencies in the timing of atmospheric volcanic aerosol loading determined from ice cores and subsequent cooling from climate proxies such as tree rings. Here we resolve these inconsistencies and show that large eruptions in the tropics and high latitudes were primary drivers of interannual-to-decadal temperature variability in the Northern Hemisphere during the past 2,500 years. Our results are based on new records of atmospheric aerosol loading developed from high-resolution, multi-parameter measurements from an array of Greenland and Antarctic ice cores as well as distinctive age markers to constrain chronologies. Overall, cooling was proportional to the magnitude of volcanic forcing and persisted for up to ten years after some of the largest eruptive episodes. Our revised timescale more firmly implicates volcanic eruptions as catalysts in the major sixth-century pandemics, famines, and socioeconomic disruptions in Eurasia and Mesoamerica while allowing multi-millennium quantification of climate response to volcanic forcing.
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23.
  • Warnatz, K, et al. (författare)
  • B-cell activating factor receptor deficiency is associated with an adult-onset antibody deficiency syndrome in humans
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 1091-6490. ; 106:33, s. 13945-13950
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • B-cell survival depends on signals induced by B-cell activating factor (BAFF) binding to its receptor (BAFF-R). In mice, mutations in BAFF or BAFF-R cause B-cell lymphopenia and antibody deficiency. Analyzing BAFF-R expression and BAFF-binding to B cells in common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) patients, we identified two siblings carrying a homozygous deletion in the BAFF-R gene. Removing most of the BAFF-R transmembrane part, the deletion precludes BAFF-R expression. Without BAFF-R, B-cell development is arrested at the stage of transitional B cells and the numbers of all subsequent B-cell stages are severely reduced. Both siblings have lower IgG and IgM serum levels but, unlike most CVID patients, normal IgA concentrations. They also did not mount a T-independent immune response against pneumococcal cell wall polysaccharides but only one BAFF-R-deficient sibling developed recurrent infections. Therefore, deletion of the BAFF-R gene in humans causes a characteristic immunological phenotype but it does not necessarily lead to a clinically manifest immunodeficiency.
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  • Resultat 21-23 av 23

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