| 91. |
- Wågsäter, Dick, et al.
(författare)
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Down-regulation of ID2 by all-trans retinoic acid in monocytic leukemia cells (THP-1)
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1756-9966. ; 22:3, s. 471-475
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Accumulated evidence supports that both Id helix-loop-helix proteins and derivatives of vitamin A, retinoids, play a pivotal role in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation. We analyzed the effects of all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) on the gene and protein expression of Id2 in THP-1 cells and found a suppression of the levels of Id2. The down-regulation was abolished towards a constitutively expressed level of Id2 mRNA. The decreased level of Id2 was associated with growth suppression and does support the prevalent conception of the action of Id2 as a stimulator of cell growth.
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| 92. |
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| 93. |
- Wågsäter, Dick, et al.
(författare)
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Expression of IL-1β, IL-1 receptor type I and IL-1 receptor antagonist in human aortic smooth muscle cells : effects of all-trans-retinoic acid
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Vascular Research. - : S. Karger AG. - 1018-1172 .- 1423-0135. ; 43:4, s. 377-382
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1β and the IL-1 receptor antagonist are expressed by atherosclerotic plaques and may be linked to the development of atherosclerosis. Existing evidence shows that retinoids and their receptors are involved in inflammatory response and that they are found in atherosclerotic plaques. In all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA)-treated human aortic smooth muscle cells (AOSMC), significant increases in IL-1β levels were observed, compared with untreated cells. Examination of IL-1 receptor antagonist and IL-1 receptor type I levels did not show any difference between atRA-treated and -untreated AOSMC. The results show that atRA-treated AOSMC express both the precursor (33 kDa) and the active form (17 kDa) of the IL-1β protein. atRA-treated carotid lesions showed significantly elevated IL-1β mRNA levels (2.9 ± 2.33) compared with untreated lesions (2.0 ± 1.77; p < 0.05). These results support the role of atRA as a regulator of inflammation such as in atherosclerosis.
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| 94. |
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| 95. |
- Wågsäter, Dick, et al.
(författare)
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The chemokine and scavenger receptor CXCL16/SR-PSOX is expressed in human vascular smooth muscle cells and is induced by interferon gamma
- 2004
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Ingår i: Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications - BBRC. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-291X .- 1090-2104. ; 325:4, s. 1187-1193
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease that is characterised by the involvement of chemokines that are important for the recruitment of leukocytes and scavenger receptors that mediate foam cell formation. Several cytokines are involved in the regulation of chemokines and scavenger receptors in atherosclerosis. CXCL16 is a chemokine and scavenger receptor and found in macrophages in human atherosclerotic lesions. Using double-labelled immunohistochemistry, we identified that smooth muscle cells in human lesions express CXCL16. We then analysed the effects of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-12, IL-15, IL-18, and LPS on CXCL16 expression in cultured aortic smooth muscle cells. IFN-gamma was the most potent CXCL16 inducer and increased mRNA, soluble form, membrane form, and total cellular levels of CXCL16. The IFN-gamma induction of CXCL16 was also associated with increased uptake of oxLDL into these cells. Taken together, smooth muscle cells express CXCL16 in atherosclerotic lesions, which may play a role in the attraction of T cells to atherosclerotic lesions and contribute to the cellular internalisation of modified LDL.
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| 96. |
- Zegeye, Mulugeta M., 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Activation of the JAK/STAT3 and PI3K/AKT pathways are crucial for IL-6 trans-signaling-mediated pro-inflammatory response in human vascular endothelial cells
- 2018
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Ingår i: Cell Communication and Signaling. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1478-811X. ; 16:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: IL-6 classic signaling is linked to anti-inflammatory functions while the trans-signaling is associated with pro-inflammatory responses. Classic signaling is induced via membrane-bound IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) whereas trans-signaling requires prior binding of IL-6 to the soluble IL-6R. In both cases, association with the signal transducing gp130 receptor is compulsory. However, differences in the downstream signaling mechanisms of IL-6 classic- versus trans-signaling remains largely elusive.METHODS: In this study, we used flow cytometry, quantitative PCR, ELISA and immuno-blotting techniques to investigate IL-6 classic and trans-signaling mechanisms in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs).RESULTS: We show that both IL-6R and gp130 are expressed on the surface of human vascular endothelial cells, and that the expression is affected by pro-inflammatory stimuli. In contrast to IL-6 classic signaling, IL-6 trans-signaling induces the release of the pro-inflammatory chemokine Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1) from human vascular endothelial cells. In addition, we reveal that the classic signaling induces activation of the JAK/STAT3 pathway while trans-signaling also activates the PI3K/AKT and the MEK/ERK pathways. Furthermore, we demonstrate that MCP-1 induction by IL-6 trans-signaling requires simultaneous activation of the JAK/STAT3 and PI3K/AKT pathways.CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, our study reports molecular differences in IL-6 classic- and trans-signaling in human vascular endothelial cells; and elucidates the pathways which mediate MCP-1 induction by IL-6 trans-signaling.
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| 97. |
- Zegeye, Mulugeta M, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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IL-6 as a Mediator of the Association Between Traditional Risk Factors and Future Myocardial Infarction : A Nested Case-Control Study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 1079-5642 .- 1524-4636. ; 41:4, s. 1570-1579
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Studies elucidating the importance of IL (interleukin)-6 trans-signaling associated with risk of future myocardial infarction (MI) are scarce. Additionally, whether elevation in IL-6 explains part of the association between traditional risk factors and future MI has not been explored.Approach and Results: We conducted a nested case-control study including a total of 584 participants (292 cases and 292 controls) from Västerbotten Intervention Programme and MONICA (Multinational Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease) cohorts. At baseline, plasma cholesterol levels were measured, and clinical characteristics of participants were collected. In this study, we measured the plasma concentration of IL-6, sIL-6R (soluble IL-6 receptor), and sgp130 (soluble-gp130). To estimate extent of IL-6 trans-signaling, we estimated plasma concentration of a novel biomarker, the IL-6 binary complex. IL-6 binary complex concentration was significantly elevated in participants who experienced MI compared with those who did not. Univariate analyses showed that a 2-fold increase in IL-6 binary complex was associated with 2.45× higher risk of future MI (95% CI relative risk, 1.65-3.66, P<0.001). Receiver operating characteristics analyses revealed that the predictive performance of IL-6 binary complex (area under the curve, 0.614) was equivalent to that of IL-6 (area under the curve, 0.603). Furthermore, using Process mediation analyses tool, we found statistically significant indirect effect of smoking and hypertension on future MI that is mediated through increased IL-6 binary complex or plasma IL-6.CONCLUSIONS: IL-6 and IL-6 binary complex concentration in plasma were significantly associated with future MI. Our data additionally imply that both the elevated plasma IL-6, and the IL-6 binary complex concentration could partly explain, and, thus, might hypothetically be functionally associated with the increased risk of MI in smokers and hypertensive participants.
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| 98. |
- Zegeye, Mulugeta M., 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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IL-6 trans-Signaling Impairs Sprouting Angiogenesis by Inhibiting Migration, Proliferation and Tube Formation of Human Endothelial Cells.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Cells. - : MDPI. - 2073-4409. ; 9:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sprouting angiogenesis is the formation of new capillaries from existing vessels in response to tissue hypoxia due to growth/development, repair/healing, and also chronic inflammation. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the effect of IL-6, a pleiotropic cytokine with both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory functions, in regulating the sprouting angiogenic response of endothelial cells (ECs). We found that activation of IL-6 trans-signaling inhibited the migration, proliferation, and tube formation ability of ECs. In addition, inhibition of the autocrine IL-6 classic-signaling by depleting endogenous IL-6 from ECs impaired their tube formation ability. At the molecular level, we found that IL-6 trans-signaling in ECs upregulated established endogenous anti-angiogenic factors such as CXCL10 and SERPINF1 while at the same time downregulated known endogenous pro-angiogenic factors such as cKIT and CXCL8. Furthermore, prior activation of ECs by IL-6 trans-signaling alters their response to vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), causing an increased p38, but decreased Erk1/2 phosphorylation. Collectively, our data demonstrated the dual facets of IL-6 in regulating the sprouting angiogenic function of ECs. In addition, we shed light on molecular mechanisms behind the IL-6 trans-signaling mediated impairment of endothelial sprouting angiogenic response.
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| 99. |
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| 100. |
- Zegeye, Mulugeta M, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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IL-6 trans-signaling regulates vascular endothelial laminin profile and inflammatory responses : Possible mechanism for immune cell recruitment during atherosclerosis?
- 2021
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Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier. - 0021-9150 .- 1879-1484. ; 331, s. E61-E61
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background and Aims: We aimed to investigate the role of IL-6 trans-signaling in regulating the release of endothelial inflammatory mediators and endothelial basement mebrane proteins, laminins. We also aimed to investigate the laminin composition in atherosclerotic plaques in relation to the immune cell content.Methods: HUVECs were cultured for in vitro experiments. The BiKE cohort was used to assess expression of laminins in atherosclerotic plaques and healthy vessels. Gene and protein expression was analysed using Microarray/qPCR and proximity extension assay, immunostaining or immunoblotting techniques respectively.Results: The release of 20 inflammatory proteins from ECs was significantly altered (3 downregulated, 17 upregulated) in response to stimulation with IL-6 and sIL-6R (p-value <0.05, FDR 5%). Ingenuity pathway analyses predicted that these proteins enhance lymphocyte binding and transmigration while inhibiting transmigration of granulocytes. ECs treated with combination of IL-6 and sIL-6R upregulated expression of LAMA5 while downregulating LAMA4. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses showed that both endothelial LAMA4 and LAMA5 were significantly lower in atherosclerotic plaques compared to healthy vessels. In addition, expression of endothelial LAMA5 was significantly lower in plaques from symptomatic patients compared to those from asymptomatic patients. We also showed that endothelial laminins are negatively correlated with immune cell markers.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that IL-6 trans-signaling regulates endothelial inflammatory proteins and laminin production that enhance binding and trans-migration of lymphocytes. In the context of atherosclerosis, expression of laminin alpha chains is altered and also appeared to be associated with plaque stability. Our data also revealed a relationship between laminin chains and immune cell content in atherosclerotic plaques.
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