| 11. |
- Hellberg, C., et al.
(författare)
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Evidence and evidence gaps in assessments and interventions in areas related to social work research and practice - an overview of four evidence maps
- 2023
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Ingår i: European Journal of Social Work. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1369-1457 .- 1468-2664. ; 26:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This overview of four evidence maps is based on systematic reviews of assessment and interventions in social work practice. The aim was to investigate the evidence and evidence gaps within four important areas for social work research and practice. Descriptive data on search strategies and domains were collected from four evidence maps, on Social Assistance, Substance Dependence, Care for older adults respectively for persons with disabilities. The scientific quality and scientific evidence were assessed. Key findings were summarised by analyzing and discussing common and specific elements in the evidence maps. The overview was undertaken in close collaboration between researchers with expertise in the field and a government agency. The overview identified both evidence and evidence gaps with respect to effects and experiences of interventions and assessment methods in four evidence maps. Evidence maps provide a comprehensive picture of the state of social services research and can thereby be of use to both researchers and practitioners, and in the production of evidence based social work.
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| 12. |
- Hetzel, M., et al.
(författare)
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Nanowire Reconstruction on the 4H-SiC(1-102) Surface
- 2007
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Ingår i: Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 2006. - : Trans Tech Publications Inc.. ; , s. 529-532
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ordered reconstruction phases on the 4H-SiC(1102) surface have been investigated usinglow-energy electron diffraction (LEED), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and scanning tunnelingmicroscopy (STM). After initial hydrogen etching, the samples were prepared by Si deposition andannealing in ultra-high vacuum (UHV). Two distinct reconstruction phases develop upon annealing,first with a (2×1), and at higher temperatures with a c(2×2) LEED pattern. After further annealingthe fractional order LEED spots vanish and a (1x1) pattern develops. For the (2×1) phase, STMmicrographs show that adatom chains develop on large flat terraces, which in view of AES consistof additional Si. These highly linear and equidistant chains represent a self-assembled well-orderedpattern of nanowires developing due to the intrinsic structure of the 4H-SiC(1102) surface. For thec(2×2) phase AES indicates a surface composition close to the bulk stoichiometry. For the (1×1)phase a further Si depletion is observed.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Kotschik, Pia, et al.
(författare)
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The upcoming European Soil Monitoring Law : An effective instrument for the protection of terrestrial ecosystems?
- 2023
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Ingår i: Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1551-3777 .- 1551-3793.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Soils are a precious resource consistently placed under several threats, and urgently, in need of protection within a regulatory framework at the European level. Soils are central to the provision of environmental services as well as human existence on earth. The need to protect soil has been identified by several recent European strategies and fortunately, a specific European Regulation for soil protection is on the way - the European Soil Monitoring Law (formerly: Soil Health Law). However, efforts need to ensure that the upcoming Soil Monitoring law closes gaps between existing regulations for chemicals and acknowledges current European strategies for environmental protection and sustainability. This brief communication started from a fruitful discussion among SETAC Global Soils Interest Group members on a recent public consultation on the newly proposed Soil Monitoring Law of the European Commission and highlights critical points focusing on the chemical pollution of soils. We emphasise urgent needs such as the essential definition of a 'healthy state' of soils, the implementation of a suitable set of indicators and quality standards for the description of physical, chemical and biological states of soils, the enforcement of the 'polluters pay's' principle and the establishment of a European wide monitoring program. Results from monitoring need to be fed back into regulatory frameworks, including the regulation of chemicals. Guidance documents for the risk assessment of chemicals are outdated and need to be updated. Finally, actions need to be taken to foster healthy soils, stop biodiversity decline and ensure the functioning of ecosystem services for future generations.
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| 15. |
- Kristenson, Margareta, 1950-, et al.
(författare)
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Psychobiological mechanisms of socioeconomic differences in health
- 2004
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Ingår i: Social Science and Medicine. - 0277-9536 .- 1873-5347. ; 58:8, s. 1511-1522
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The association between low socioeconomic status and poor health is well established. Empirical studies suggest that psychosocial factors are important mediators for these effects, and that the effects are mediated by psychobiological mechanisms related to stress physiology. The objective of this paper is to explore these psychobiological mechanisms. Psychobiological responses to environmental challenges depend on acquired expectancies (learning) of the relations between responses and stimuli. The stress response occurs whenever an individual is faced with a challenge. It is an essential element in the total adaptive system of the body, and necessary for adaptation, performance and survival. However, a period of recovery is necessary to rebalance and to manage new demands. Individuals with low social status report more environmental challenges and less psychosocial resources. This may lead to vicious circles of learning to expect negative outcomes, loss of coping ability, strain, hopelessness and chronic stress. This type of learning may interfere with the recovery processes, leading to sustained psychobiological activation and loss of dynamic capacity to respond to new challenges. Psychobiological responses and health effects in humans and animals depend on combinations of demands and expected outcomes (coping, control). In studies of humans with chronic psychosocial stress, and low SES, cortisol baseline levels were raised, and the cortisol response to acute stress attenuated. Low job control was associated with insufficient recovery of catecholamines and cortisol, and a range of negative health effects. Biological effects of choice of lifestyle, which also depends on the acquired outcome expectancies, reinforce these direct psychobiological effects on health. The paper concludes that sustained activation and loss of capacity to respond to a novel stressor could be a cause of the higher risk of illness and disease found among people with lower SES.
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| 16. |
- Link, S., et al.
(författare)
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Introducing strong correlation effects into graphene by gadolinium intercalation
- 2019
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. - 2469-9950. ; 100:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Exotic ordered ground states driven by electronic correlations are expected to be induced in monolayer graphene when doped to the Van Hove singularity. Such doping levels are reached by intercalating Gd in graphene on SiC(0001), resulting in a strong homogeneity and stability. The electronic spectrum now exhibits severe renormalizations. Flat bands develop which are driven by electronic correlations according to our theoretical studies. Due to strong electron-phonon coupling in this regime, polaron replica bands develop. Thus, interesting ordered ground states should be made accessible.
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| 17. |
- Nguyen, Thi Thuy Nhung, et al.
(författare)
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Topological Surface State in Epitaxial Zigzag Graphene Nanoribbons
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nano Letters. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1530-6992 .- 1530-6984. ; 21:7, s. 2876-2882
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Protected and spin-polarized transport channels are the hallmark of topological insulators, coming along with an intrinsic strong spin-orbit coupling. Here we identified such corresponding chiral states in epitaxially grown zigzag graphene nanoribbons (zz-GNRs), albeit with an extremely weak spin-orbit interaction. While the bulk of the monolayer zz-GNR is fully suspended across a SiC facet, the lower edge merges into the SiC(0001) substrate and reveals a surface state at the Fermi energy, which is extended along the edge and splits in energy toward the bulk. All of the spectroscopic details are precisely described within a tight binding model incorporating a Haldane term and strain effects. The concomitant breaking of time-reversal symmetry without the application of external magnetic fields is supported by ballistic transport revealing a conduction of G = e2/h.
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| 18. |
- Virojanadara, Chariya, et al.
(författare)
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Atomic and Electronic Structure of the (2x1) and c(2x2) 4H-SiC(1(1)over-bar02) Surfaces
- 2008
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Ingår i: SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2007, PTS 1 AND 2. - : Trans Tech Publications Inc.. ; , s. 291-296
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The atomic and electronic structure of 4H-SiC(1 1 02) surfaces were investigated usingscanning tunneling microscopy (STM), low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) and photoemission(PES). Two well ordered phases existing on this surface, i.e. (2×1) and c(2×2) are discussed. The(2×1) phase consists of a Si adlayer which is topped by an array of ordered Si-nanowires withelectronic states confined to one dimension. For the c(2×2) phase STM indicates the presence ofadatoms and PES a surface composition close to bulk SiC stoichiometry. A detailed atomic modelfor this c(2×2) phase is proposed.
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| 19. |
- Virojanadara, Chariya, et al.
(författare)
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Electronic and atomic structure of the 4 H-SiC (1 over(1, ¯) 0 2) -c (2 × 2) surface
- 2008
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Ingår i: Surface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0039-6028 .- 1879-2758. ; 602:2, s. 525-533
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The (1 over(1, ¯) 0 2) orientated plane of hexagonal silicon carbide of the 4H polytype consists of a periodic arrangement of stripes with alternating bond configuration on a nanometer scale. The two stripe configurations of the bulk truncated surface have an atomic structure very close to the carbon-face SiC basal plane and the cubic SiC(1 0 0) surface, respectively. The structural and electronic properties of the c(2 × 2) reconstruction on the 4 H-SiC (1 over(1, ¯) 0 2) surface were investigated using photoemission spectroscopy (PES), scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and low-energy electron diffraction (LEED). The core level photoemission spectra reveal two surface shifted Si2p components and one shifted C1s component in addition to the SiC bulk peaks. In accordance with the periodicity observed in LEED, atomically resolved STM micrographs show a c(2 × 2) arrangement of bright features which are accounted as Si adatoms. The electronic structure of this SiC (1 over(1, ¯) 0 2) -c (2 × 2) phase is experimentally determined by angle resolved PES studies of the valence band revealing four surface states. Based on the experimental observations and a comparison to similar phases on other SiC surfaces, a tentative surface model can be developed which consists of Si adatoms in so-called H3 sites on the basal-plane type stripes and carbon dimers in Si bridging configuration on the cubic stripes of the bulk truncated surface. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 20. |
- Virojanadara, Chariya, et al.
(författare)
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Silicon adatom chains and one-dimensionally confined electrons on 4H-SiC(1-102): The (2x1) reconstruction
- 2008
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Ingår i: Surface Science. - : Elsevier. - 0039-6028 .- 1879-2758. ; 602:22, s. 3506-3509
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The electronic and atomic structure of the 4H-SiC surface was investigated. Photoemission data indicate that the surface contains about 2 Si layers on top of the bulk layers. Scanning tunneling microscopy images show that these adlayers are terminated by an ordered array of adatom chains separated by the unit cell size. An electronic surface state located at a binding energy of 0.8 eV shows one-dimensional confinement with dispersion only along the chains. Based on the experimental observations, a tentative (2 × 1) surface model is derived with the surface terminated by alternating chains of Si adatoms and Si dimers in between.
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