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| 26. |
- J, Sundquist, et al.
(författare)
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Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in siblings : an 8-year Swedish follow-up study.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Sleep. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0161-8105 .- 1550-9109. ; 31:6, s. 817-823
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background:Understanding the genetic transmission of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) will help clinicians identify patients at risk and offer opportunities for intervention and treatment at specialist clinics.Objective:To estimate familial risk of hospitalization for OSAS in the adult population of Sweden, and to determine if there are any differences by age and sex.Design, setting, and participants:Using the MigMed database at the Karolinska Institute, we divided the population of Sweden into sibling groups based on a shared mother and father and ascertained the presence or absence of a primary hospital diagnosis of OSAS in each individual during the follow-up period, 1997 to 2004. Individuals were categorized as having or not having a sibling with OSAS, based on the presence or absence of the disorder in at least 1 of their siblings. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated for men and women with a sibling with OSAS, compared with men and women in the reference group (SIR = 1).Results:After accounting for socioeconomic status, age, geographic region, and period of diagnosis, men with at least 1 sibling who had OSAS had a SIR of 3.42 (95% CI, 2.18–5.36); the corresponding SIR in women was 3.25 (95% CI, 1.84–5.65).Conclusions:Our results indicate that physicians should consider family history of OSAS when deciding whether to refer a patient for further sleep examinations.
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| 27. |
- Ji, J., et al.
(författare)
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Cancer risk in hospitalised asthma patients
- 2009
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Ingår i: British Journal of Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1532-1827 .- 0007-0920. ; 100:5, s. 829-833
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Asthma is an increasingly common disorder, affecting 5-10% of the population. It involves a dysregulated immune function, which may predispose to subsequent cancer. We examined cancer risk among Swedish subjects who had hospital admission once or multiple times for asthma. An asthma research database was created by identifying asthma patients from the Swedish Hospital Discharge Register and by linking them with the Cancer Registry. A total of 140 425 patients were hospitalised for asthma during 1965-2004, of whom 7421 patients developed cancer, giving an overall standardised incidence ratio (SIR) of 1.36. A significant increase was noted for most sites, with the exception of breast and ovarian cancers and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and myeloma. Patients with multiple hospital admissions showed a high risk, particularly for stomach (SIR 1.70) and colon (SIR 1.99) cancers. A significant decrease was noted for endometrial cancer and skin melanoma. Oesophageal and lung cancers showed high risks throughout the study period, whereas stomach cancer increased towards the end of the period. The relatively stable temporal trends suggest that the asthmatic condition rather than its medication is responsible for the observed associations. British Journal of Cancer (2009) 100, 829-833. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604890 www.bjcancer.com Published online 27 January 2009 (C) 2009 Cancer Research UK
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| 28. |
- Ji, Jianguang, et al.
(författare)
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Cancer risk in hospitalised psoriasis patients: a follow-up study in Sweden.
- 2009
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Ingår i: British Journal of Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1532-1827 .- 0007-0920. ; 100:9, s. 1499-1502
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examined overall and specific cancer risks among Swedish subjects who had been hospitalised one or more times for psoriasis. A database was created by identifying such patients from the Swedish Hospital Discharge Register and linking them with the Cancer Registry. Follow-up of patients was carried out from the last hospitalisation through 2004. A total of 15 858 patients were hospitalised for psoriasis during 1965-2004, of whom 1408 developed cancer, giving an overall standardised incidence ratios (SIRs) of 1.33. A significant excess was noted for squamous cell skin cancer, and for cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract, oesophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, lung, kidney and bladder as well as non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Many of these may reflect the effects of alcohol drinking and tobacco smoking. Patients with multiple hospitalisations showed high risk, particularly for oesophageal (SIR 6.97) and skin (SIR 4.76) cancers.
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| 29. |
- Kendler, K. S., et al.
(författare)
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A developmental model for alcohol use disorders in Swedish men
- 2016
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Ingår i: Psychological Medicine. - 0033-2917. ; 46:13, s. 2759-2770
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a classic multifactorial syndrome and it is critical to understand the diversity of the relevant risk factors and how they inter-relate over development. Method: We examined 21 risk factors for AUD in four developmental tiers reflecting (i) birth, (ii) childhood and early adolescence, (iii) late adolescence, and (iv) early adulthood in 47 414 Swedish men of whom 3907 (8.2%) were registered for AUD at or after age 25 with a mean length of follow-up of 33.9 (6.6) years. Structural equational model fitting was performed using Mplus. Results: The best-fitting model provided a good fit to the data and explained 23.4% of the variance in AUD. The five strongest predictors were: externalizing behaviors, criminal behavior, father's alcohol consumption, genetic risk, and low educational attainment. Two developmentally early familial/genetic risk factors had substantial direct paths to AUD: father's alcohol consumption and genetic liability. Other broad developmental pathways to risk for AUD were evident: externalizing, psychosocial and internalizing. Overall, the externalizing pathway to AUD was the strongest. However, these pathways were substantially interwoven over time such that risk factors from one domain were commonly predicted by and/or predicted risk factors from the other broad domains of risk. Conclusion: AUD in men is an etiologically complex syndrome influenced by familial-genetic, psychosocial, internalizing, and especially externalizing risk factors that act and interact over development and have complicated mediational pathways.
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| 30. |
- Kendler, K S, et al.
(författare)
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A novel sibling-based design to quantify genetic and shared environmental effects : application to drug abuse, alcohol use disorder and criminal behavior
- 2016
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Ingår i: Psychological Medicine. - 1469-8978. ; 46:8, s. 1639-1650
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Twin studies have been criticized for upwardly biased estimates that might contribute to the missing heritability problem.METHOD: We identified, from the general Swedish population born 1960-1990, informative sibships containing a proband, one reared-together full- or half-sibling and a full-, step- or half-sibling with varying degrees of childhood cohabitation with the proband. Estimates of genetic, shared and individual specific environment for drug abuse (DA), alcohol use disorder (AUD) and criminal behavior (CB), assessed from medical, legal or pharmacy registries, were obtained using Mplus.RESULTS: Aggregate estimates of additive genetic effects for DA, AUD and CB obtained separately in males and females varied from 0.46 to 0.73 and agreed with those obtained from monozygotic and dizygotic twins from the same population. Of 54 heritability estimates from individual classes of informative sibling trios (3 syndromes × 9 classes of trios × 2 sexes), heritability estimates from the siblings were lower, tied and higher than those from obtained from twins in 26, one and 27 comparisons, respectively. By contrast, of 54 shared environmental estimates, 33 were lower than those found in twins, one tied and 20 were higher.CONCLUSIONS: With adequate information, human populations can provide many methods for estimating genetic and shared environmental effects. For the three externalizing syndromes examined, concerns that heritability estimates from twin studies are upwardly biased or were not generalizable to more typical kinds of siblings were not supported. Overestimation of heritability from twin studies is not a likely explanation for the missing heritability problem.
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