| 11. |
- Claesson, Carina, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Susceptibility of staphylococci and enterococci to antimicrobial agents at different ward levels in four north European countries
- 2007
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5548 .- 1651-1980. ; 39:11-12, s. 1002-1012
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A multicentre susceptibility study was performed on staphylococci and enterococci isolated from patients at 3 different ward levels: primary care centres (PCCs), general hospital wards (GHWs) and intensive care units (ICUs), in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. There was a markedly higher incidence of resistance among CoNS in ICUs compared to GHWs and PCCs. Resistance rates were low among S. aureus isolates and no differences were found between the ward levels. Oxacillin resistance was found among 1.6% of S. aureus and 47% of CoNS isolates. 14% of CoNS and 0.9% of S. aureus isolates were glycopeptide intermediate. The prevalence of E. faecium isolates in this study differed significantly between the ward levels with the lowest prevalence found at PCCs. High level gentamicin resistant (HLGR) enterococci occurred in 11-25% of E. faecium and 6-20% of E. faecalis isolates. The HLGR rate was significantly higher among E. faecalis from hospitalized patients (GHWs and ICUs) compared to patients at PCCs. For enterococcal isolates, no other significant differences in antimicrobial resistance were found between the ward levels. All enterococci were teicoplanin susceptible, but decreased susceptibility to vancomycin was found among 2.0% and 0.6% of the E. faecium and E. faecalis isolates, respectively.
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| 12. |
- Dehlin, Mats, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Lifestyle factors and comorbidities in gout patients compared to the general population in Western Sweden: results from a questionnaire study.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of rheumatology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7732 .- 0300-9742. ; 51:5, s. 390-393
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed to identify lifestyle factors associated with gout in patients with prevalent gout compared to the general population.Adult patients with gout identified in primary and secondary care in Western Sweden between 2015 and 2017 were sent a questionnaire asking about demographics, lifestyle, and comorbidities. Five age- and gender-matched controls were identified in a random sample of 52348 individuals aged 16-84years who participated in the National Public Health survey in Sweden, year 2015. Logistic regression models were used to compare cases and controls with regard to lifestyle factors and comorbidities.Of the 1589 invited gout patients, 868 (55%) responded. After matching for age and gender, 728 were included in the analysis (82.4% male; mean±sd age 69.3±10.5 years for men and 71.8±9.9 years for women with gout). Male and female gout patients were significantly more likely to be overweight or obese (men 79% vs 66%; women 78.5% vs 65.3%), to have binge-drinking behaviour (men 29.9% vs 11%; women 13.7% vs 2.9%), and to be ex-smokers, compared to controls. Moreover, male gout patients reported lower levels of physical activity, while diabetes and hypertension were more common in both genders with gout than in controls.In this questionnaire study, gout patients reported significantly more obesity and binge-drinking behaviour and less physical activity than controls. This suggests that there are great unmet needs for the management of lifestyle factors, particularly regarding overweight/obesity and binge drinking, in patients with gout.
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| 13. |
- Hagbom, Marie, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Rotavirus
- 2024. - 9
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Ingår i: Feigin and Cherry's Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, 9th Edition. - : Elsevier. - 9780323827638 - 9780323827652 - 9780323827645
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Hellysaz, Arash, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Microbiota do not restrict rotavirus infection of colon
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Virology. - : American Society for Microbiology. - 0022-538X .- 1098-5514. ; 97:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rotavirus is associated with extensive infection of the small intestine, whereas colon is considered to be uninfected. Considering that almost all bacteria in the gut colonize the colon, we hypothesized that the microbiota may act as a physical barrier preventing rotavirus infection in the colon in vivo. To address this hypothesis, we used human and mice colonoids, and biopsies of different intestinal segments of untreated and antibiotic-treated adult and infant mice. Rotavirus quantification was performed by qPCR and volumetric 3D imaging of intestinal segments. By 3D imaging, we observed infection in all the small intestinal segments, most extensively in the ileum, with most limited number of infected cells in colon. Broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment yielded no significant change in infection in either ileum or colon of adults and mice pups, although there is a substantial decrease in microbial load. We also show that rotavirus can successfully infect and replicate in colonoids from both mice and humans. Collectively, our data, including novel 3D imaging of the gut, mouse, and human colonoids, conclude that microbiota does not affect rotavirus infection in colon.IMPORTANCEAlterations of the gut microbiome can have significant effects on gastrointestinal homeostasis leading to various diseases and symptoms. Increased understanding of rotavirus infection in relation to the microbiota can provide better understanding on how microbiota can be used for clinical prevention as well as treatment strategies. Our volumetric 3D imaging data show that antibiotic treatment and its consequent reduction of the microbial load does not alter the extent of rotavirus infection of enterocytes in the small intestine and that restriction factors other than bacteria limit the infection of colonocytes.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Holmquist, Mats, 1954-
(författare)
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Lärande nätverk : En social oas i utvecklingsprocessen
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Intresset för nätverk mellan organisationer växer i arbetslivet. Fler och fler chefer, ledare och ansvariga går med i nätverk för att få stöd i sitt utvecklingsarbete. Varför? Vad är det för speciellt med lärande i nätverk? Vad får individen och organisationen ut? Mina egna och kollegors erfarenheter från tio års praktiskt arbete i fem nätverk i Halland, har gett mig en unik tillgång till data för att söka svar på frågorna.Med hjälp av flervetenskaplig teori och tidigare empirisk forskning har jag skapat en modell över nätverk som stöd i utvecklingsprocessen. Modellen har jag använt till att analysera mina data för att förstå lärprocessen i nätverk, vilka förutsättningar och organiseringsformer som är viktiga för att stimulera det kollektiva lärande som uppstår i samverkan mellan olika individer och organisationer. Jag har även undersökt vad deltagandet ger i utbyte och vad som stödjer respektive hindrar en transformering till organisatorisk nytta och förändring.Resultaten visar att nätverk fungerar som en social oas för chefer och ledare, som kan vara ganska ensamma och osäkra i sitt arbete. De uppskattar en plats där de kan möta andra i en liknande situation, för att under tillitsfulla former utbyta erfarenheter och reflektera över sina handlingsalternativ. Deltagarnas olikheter tillför variationer som stimulerar ett kreativt lärande och genererar innovativa idéer.I stort sett alla deltagare är mycket positiva till nätverkformen. Utbytet är huvudsakligen personliga insikter och kunskaper i form av ökat självförtroende, reducerad osäkerhet och stärkt förändringskompetens. Deltagandet ger även inspiration, idéer och organisatoriska förändringsförslag. När dessa sedan ska föras över från nätverket till organisationen möter dock deltagarna ofta svårigheter och hinder.Organisationernas förmåga att absorbera nätverksresultaten brister. De har många gånger svårt att ta tillvara nya kunskaper och idéer, att integrera nätverkslärande med organisatoriskt lärande och därmed svårt att utnyttja den utvecklingspotential som nätverk rymmer. Viktiga hinder är strategi- och förankringsbrist på ledningsnivån.Nätverkets styrka som en stödjande social oas för deltagaren i utvecklingsprocessen rymmer också en svaghet. Utbytet riskerar att begränsas till personlig bekräftelse och bidra till få organisatoriska förändringar. För att undvika detta behöver deltagarens, organisationens och nätverkets utvecklingssyfte tydliggöras från början.Analysen leder fram till en idealmodell av en utvecklingsprocess med stöd av nätverk. I modellen stimulerar gemensamma reflektionen över praktiska erfarenheter ett kreativt lärande som ger nya kunskaper och idéer i utbyte. När dessa ska överföras och tillämpas i verksamheten behövs en utvecklingsorganisation med en ledning som kan ta ett strategiskt helhetsgrepp över förändringsprocessen.Slutsatserna talar för lärande nätverk som ett stöd i utvecklingsprocessen. De talar för fortsatt forskning för att pröva idealmodellen och för att fördjupa kunskaperna om absorberingssvårigheten och strategibristen.
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| 18. |
- Hård, Ernest, 1925, et al.
(författare)
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Behavioral reactivity in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
- 1985
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Ingår i: Physiology & behavior. - 0031-9384. ; 35:4, s. 487-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spontaneously hypertensive rats of the Okamoto strain (SHR) were compared with inbred normotensive rats of the Wistar-Kyoto strain (WKY) and with normally bred Wistar rats (NT) in tests on the audiogenic immobility reaction (freezing), open-field behavior in a dark and an enlightened arena respectively, auditory startle response and male sexual behavior. Compared to the WKYs the SHRs showed increased locomotion and rearing in the open-field situations, reduced startle response and shortened immobility reaction. The SHRs differed in the same way from the NT rats with the exception for motor activity in the dark arena, where no differences were observed. The WKY rats showed less motor activity than the NT animals. Both SH and WKY rats showed shorter latency time for ejaculation than the NT rats. The characteristics of the behavior patterns displayed by the SH rats were interpreted as indicating a reduced propensity for fear reactions in this strain of rats compared to the WKY and NT strains used in the present study.
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| 19. |
- Istrate, C, et al.
(författare)
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Bone marrow dendritic cells internalize live RF-81 bovine rotavirus and rotavirus-like particles (RF 2/6-GFP-VLP and RF 8*2/6/7-VLP) but are only activated by live bovine rotavirus
- 2007
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0300-9475 .- 1365-3083. ; 65:6, s. 494-502
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dendritic cells (DC) represent the link between innate and adaptive immunity. They are classified as antigen-presenting cells (APC) and can initiate and modulate the immune response. To investigate the interaction with DCs, live RF-81 bovine rotavirus strain (RFV) and rotavirus-like particles (rota-VLP), RF 2/6-GFP-VLP and rota RF 8*2/6/7-VLP, were added in vitro to murine bone marrow-derived DCs (bmDCs). Live RFV, RF 2/6-GFP-VLP and RF 8*2/6/7-VLP all bound to bmDC and were internalized but only live RFV stimulated phenotypic maturation of the bmDCs as shown by the upregulation of the co-stimulatory molecule CD86. Even though bmDCs internalized RF 2/6-GFP-VLP and RF 8*2/6/7-VLP as efficiently as live RFV, these rota-VLP were not able to activate the cells. Supernatants derived from bmDC cultures treated with live RFV, RF 2/6-GFP-VLP or RF 8*2/6/7-VLP were examined for TNF-α production. At 6, 18 and 24 h post-infection, TNF-α concentrations were significantly increased in cultures treated with live RFV and rota-VLP compared with untreated cultures. In conclusion, this study showed that live RF-81 bovine rotavirus strain was internalized and induced bmDCs activation, whereas both RF 2/6-GFP-VLP and RF 8*2/6/7-VLP were internalized by bmDCs without triggering their activation. © 2007 The Authors.
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| 20. |
- Istrate, Claudia, 2000-, et al.
(författare)
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Parenteral administration of RF 8-2/6/7 rotavirus-like particles in a one-dose regimen induce protective immunity in mice
- 2008
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Ingår i: Vaccine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0264-410X .- 1873-2518. ; 26:35, s. 4594-4601
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rotavirus virus-like particles (RV-VLPs) represent a novel strategy for development of a rotavirus subunit vaccine. In this study, RF 8-2/6/7-VLPs with rotavirus VP8 protein (amino acid 1-241 of VP4) fused to the amino terminal end of a truncated VP2, were evaluated for their immunogenic and protective properties. A single intramuscular dose of, either 2 or 20 μg, RF 8-2/6/7-VLPs alone or combined with a potent adjuvant poly[di(carboxylatophenoxy)]phosphazene] (PCPP) induced rotavirus-specific serum IgG and IgA, fecal IgG titers that were enhanced 5-90-fold by adjuvant. Passive protective immunity was achieved in offspring to dams vaccinated with 2 and 20 μg RV-VLPs in presence of adjuvant and 20 μg RV-VLP without adjuvant. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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