| 81. |
|
|
| 82. |
|
|
| 83. |
- Giacomelli, L., et al.
(författare)
-
Conceptual studies of gamma ray diagnostics for DEMO control
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Fusion engineering and design. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA. - 0920-3796 .- 1873-7196. ; 136, s. 1494-1498
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The future tokamak demonstration fusion reactor (DEMO) will operate at unprecedented physical and technological conditions where high reliability of the system components is required. The conceptual study of a suite of DEMO diagnostics is on-going. Among these, a Gamma-Ray Spectrometric Instrument (GRSI) is being investigated to assess its performance and information quality in view of DEMO control. The GRSI foresees radial orthogonal multi-line of sight viewing DEMO plasma across its poloidal section as a further development of the Gamma-Ray Camera of JET and of the Radial Gamma-Ray Spectrometers proposed for ITER but with stricter technological constraints. These include surface availability in the Tritium Breeding Blankets of DEMO vessel inner wall for diagnostics collimators openings, diagnostics distance from the plasma, neutron irradiation and activation of the reactor structures. On DEMO the gamma-ray (gamma) emission from DT plasmas consists of T(d,gamma)He-5 (E gamma = 16.63 MeV) and T(p,gamma)He-4 (E gamma = 19.81 MeV) reactions which for their high E gamma would allow in principle for background-free measurements. This work reports the assessment on the GRSI diagnostic capability. Reactions cross sections are assessed and used for the calculations of the reactions gamma emission energy spectrum under DEMO DT plasma conditions and compared with 14 MeV neutron emissions before and after the GRSI collimator. Investigation of the GRSI gamma spectrometers performance is also presented. Measurement of the gamma emission intensity of T(d,gamma)He-5 can be in principle used as an independent assessment of DEMO DT plasmas fusion power.
|
|
| 84. |
|
|
| 85. |
|
|
| 86. |
|
|
| 87. |
|
|
| 88. |
- Giacomelli, L., et al.
(författare)
-
Overview on the progress of the conceptual studies of a gamma ray spectrometer instrument for DEMO
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Journal of Instrumentation. - : IOP Publishing Ltd. - 1748-0221 .- 1748-0221. ; 17:8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The future DEMO tokamak will be equipped with a suite of diagnostics which will operate as sensors to monitor and control the position and operation parameters of DT plasmas. Among the suite of sensors, an integrated neutron and gamma-ray diagnostic system is also studied to verify its capability and performance in detecting possible DEMO plasma position variations and contribute to the feedback system in maintaining DEMO DT plasma in stable conditions. This work describes the progress of the conceptual study of the gamma-ray diagnostic for DEMO reactor performed during the first Work-Package contract 2015-2020. The reaction of interest for this Gamma-Ray Spectrometer Instrument (GRSI) consists of D(T, gamma)He-5 with the emission of 16.63 MeV gamma rays. Due to DEMO tokamak design constraints, the gamma and neutron diagnostics are integrated, both featuring multi-line of sight (camera type), viewing DEMO plasma radially with vertical (12) and horizontal (13) viewing lines to diagnose the. and neutron emission from the DT plasma poloidal section. The GRSI design is based on the investigation of the reaction cross sections, on the calculations performed with GENESIS and MCNP simulation codes and on the physics and geometry constrains of the integrated instrument. GRSI features long collimators which diameters are constrained by the neutron flux at the neutron detectors of the Radial Neutron Camera (RNC) system placed in front, which are key to control DEMO DT plasma position. For these reasons, only few GRSI parameters can be independently selected to optimize its performance. Among these, the choice of the collimator diameters at the back side of the neutron detector box up to the GRSI detector, the use of LiH neutron attenuators in front of the GRSI detectors, the GRSI detector material and shielding. The GRSI detector is based on commercial LaBr3(Ce) inorganic scintillating crystal coupled with a photomultiplier tube or a silicon photomultiplier. They are designed to operate at high count rate although GRSI geometry constraints severely impact on this feature. The GRSI can also provide an independent assessment of DEMO DT fusion power and T burning.
|
|
| 89. |
|
|
| 90. |
- Hellesen, Carl, et al.
(författare)
-
Fast-ion distributions from third harmonic ICRF heating studied with neutron emission spectroscopy
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 0029-5515 .- 1741-4326. ; 53:11, s. 113009-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The fast-ion distribution from third harmonic ion cyclotron resonance frequency (ICRF) heating on the Joint European Torus is studied using neutron emission spectroscopy with the time-of-flight spectrometer TOFOR. The energy dependence of the fast deuteron distribution function is inferred from the measured spectrum of neutrons born in DD fusion reactions, and the inferred distribution is compared with theoretical models for ICRF heating. Good agreements between modelling and measurements are seen with clear features in the fast-ion distribution function, that are due to the finite Larmor radius of the resonating ions, replicated. Strong synergetic effects between ICRF and neutral beam injection heating were also seen. The total energy content of the fast-ion population derived from TOFOR data was in good agreement with magnetic measurements for values below 350 kJ.
|
|
