| 31. |
- Walter, Susanna A., et al.
(författare)
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Sympathetic (electrodermal) activity during repeated maximal rectal distensions in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and constipation
- 2008
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Ingår i: Neurogastroenterology and Motility. - : Wiley. - 1350-1925 .- 1365-2982. ; 20:1, s. 43-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is associated with visceral hypersensitivity, stress and autonomic dysfunction. Sympathetic activity during repeated events indicates excitatory or inhibitory mechanisms such as sensitization or habituation. We investigated skin conductance (SC) during repetitive rectal distensions at maximal tolerable pressure in patients with IBS and chronic constipation. Twenty-seven IBS patients, 13 constipation patients and 18 controls underwent two sets of isobaric rectal distensions. First, maximal tolerable distension was determined and then it was repeated five times. Skin conductance was measured continuously. Subjective symptom assessment remained steady in all groups. The baseline values of SC were higher in IBS patients than in patients with constipation and significantly lower in constipation patients than in controls. The maximal SC response to repetitive maximal distensions was higher in IBS patients compared with constipation patients. The amplitude of the initial SC response decreased successively with increased number of distensions in patients with IBS and constipation but not in controls. Irritable bowel syndrome and constipation patients habituated to maximal repetitive rectal distensions with decreasing sympathetic activity. Irritable bowel syndrome patients had higher sympathetic reactivity and baseline activity than constipation patients. A lower basal SC in constipation patients compared with controls suggests an inhibition of the sympathetic drive in constipation patients.
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| 32. |
- Åström, Jan, 1934-, et al.
(författare)
-
Graphometric variables of one's signature : II. Correlations with measures of perception, cognitive function, and personality
- 2008
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Ingår i: Perceptual and Motor Skills. - 0031-5125 .- 1558-688X. ; 107:1, s. 197-221
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study focused on interrelations between graphometric variables of the signature and measures of perception, cognitive function, and personality. Signatures from a sample of psychiatric and somatic outpatients (N=205) were analyzed into 23 graphometric variables and correlated with tests of IQ, cognitive and perceptual function, and personality. The results of a factor analysis of the graphometric, perceptual, and cognitive variables were very much like results from previous studies. Relationships with the graphometric variables can be described in five categories of intelligence, psychomotility, flexibility and speed of closure, and personality. Graphometric signs of Extraversion and Neuroticism were identified, and the two capitals in the signature indicated different psychological meanings. Measurements of the signature offered important personality information. © Perceptual and Motor Skills 2008.
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| 33. |
- Åström, Jan, 1934-, et al.
(författare)
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Graphometric variables of one's signature : I. Basic measures
- 2007
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Ingår i: Perceptual and Motor Skills. - 0031-5125 .- 1558-688X. ; 105:3 I, s. 733-752
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study focused on statistical properties and interrelationships of graphometric variables of the signatures of outpatients, 100 men and 119 women, remitted from somatic and psychiatric clinics for possible psychotherapy or for tests of IQ, personality, or brain lesions. The patients' signature on test forms were used. The type of handwriting was classified into Common, Print and Block letters, quantified in breadth, length, and area and grades of slant of minuscules ("lower-case letters") and majuscules ("upper- case"). Analysis indicated sex and age played roles in style of handwriting and size of letters, writing styles differed on most graphometric variables, and meaningful patterns of interrelationships among graphometric variables were specified by factor analysis. © Perceptual and Motor Skills 2007.
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| 34. |
- Åström, Jan, 1934-, et al.
(författare)
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Inner images and delineations of parental figures reported by psychotherapeutic outpatients
- 2006
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Ingår i: Perceptual and Motor Skills. - 0031-5125 .- 1558-688X. ; 103:3, s. 931-945
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Psychotherapeutic outpatients (10 men, 20 women) were tested with the Inner Images of Parental Figures. Each subject imagined first his mother and then his father. Questions were asked about size, look, and spatial and emotional distance of the imagined parent. The patient was then asked to describe the personality of each parent by underlining at least 20 of 85 adjectives in a list called Family Climate Scale. This originally consisted of four factors, Closeness, Spontaneity, Distance, and Chaos, but the two administered were Factor I (positive traits) and Factor II (negative traits). Emotional distance correlated positively with Factor I and negatively with Factor II. For the maternal figure there was a correlation with distance in metres and Factor I scores. The Inner Images of Parental Figures may be a valuable complement in psychotherapy, mapping out emotional relations between patients and their parents. © Perceptual and Motor Skills 2006.
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