| 41. |
- Toyota, Junichi, et al.
(författare)
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Romanian grammar: its peculiarities from Indo-European perspectives
- 2008
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Ingår i: Language and literature: European landmarks of identity.
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This article discusses peculiarities of the Romanian grammar in comparison with other Ind-European languages from historical perspective. It shows that Romanian uniquely preserves older characteristics of Indo-European languages, which makes it look 'an odd-one-out' among other Romance languages.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Toyota, Junichi, et al.
(författare)
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The history of Indo-European languages: alignment change as a clue
- 2009
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Ingår i: Early European Languages in the Eyes of Modern Linguistics. - 9788021049444 ; , s. 331-340
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, the history of IE languages is studied in terms of alignment change. What is significant in this change is the emergence of transitivity as a basic grammatical operational system. However, there are varying degrees of transition to transitivity-based system, especially between semantic and syntactic transitivity. It is argued that these degrees of transition create differences in grammatical structures among IE languages.
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| 45. |
- Toyota, Junichi, et al.
(författare)
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The “Light” and the process of the cognition
- 2008
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper analyses the internal structure of the terminology of the Enlightenment, actually the process of forming the term “enlightenment” itself within the Indo-European languages and beyond this language family. We use the methodological concept found in the cognitive linguistics on the research of metaphorical extension of lexically meaning of the stem, light, and other morphemes forming the word. Therefore, we study meanings of different parts of the word and how they are combined together, e.g. English En-light-en-ment; German Auf-klär-ung; French Lumières; Italian Illuminismo; Hungarian Fel-világos-odás; Russian Про-свет-и-тель-ство; Czeck O-svíc-ení; Serbian Pro-svećen-ost, etc. We argue that there are linguistically and semantically significant differences once these terms in the Indo-European languages and other languages in the world are compared, e.g. Japanese satori which does not involve the concept of light and yet still refers to the same concept. Comparing similarities and differences of the terms in different families of language, on one hand, and considering the main question of the enlightenment, i.e. Is the knowledge based on observation and reason, on the other, this paper opens questions about the “Light” as the central metaphor of the movement in the 18th century philosophy in Europe. Exploring the terminology this paper actually explores main questions of the Enlightenment - the question of understanding, the process of the cognition in the sense of the perception (seeing is understanding, involving light) and the process of the immanent understanding which is closer to the religious experiences.
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| 46. |
- Toyota, Junichi, et al.
(författare)
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Trade languages in the world: general overview
- 2010
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Ingår i: Anali Filološkog Fakulteta. - 0522-8468. ; :22, s. 233-251
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we discuss common features found in what we term trade languages. Some languages change their grammatical shape dramatically after intense contacts with other languages. Pidgin and creole languages are often discussed in terms of contacts, but trade languages are slightly different from them on the following points: trade languages are normally formed with mutually intelligible languages, including different dialects; the main purpose of trade languages is aimed at hearers' better comprehension, not at expressing one's own personal viewpoint; there is a very high degree of reliance on syntactic structures and details of semantic structures are suppressed. Trade languages have not been given its deserved status, but it can possibly form a specific type of language.
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| 47. |
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