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- Bogatic, Wirginia, 1969-
(author)
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Exilens dilemma: att stanna eller att återvända : Beslut i Sverige av polska kvinnor som överlevde KZ-lägret Ravensbrück och räddades till Sverige 1945-1947
- 2010
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This thesis is about the intersection of great narratives and individual decisions. In the intersection, the dilemma of exile is discussed: to remain in exile or return to one’s homeland. The decision to remain or return was made by the surviving Polish female concentration camp prisoners that were brought back to Sweden in 1945 with the Red Cross rescue operation.The women’s decisions have been contextualized by being placed against the political, social and economic upheavals that took place primarily in Poland, but also partly in Sweden, as well as in the international environment with which the new Poland had to form a relationship following the Second World War.The thesis moves between three levels: the micro level, comprising the individuals, their choices and experiences; the macro level, including the surrounding social, economic and political structures; the meso level, which merges the individual, her network and the state. The theoretical framework is on the one hand based on Reinhart Koselleck’s concepts of “realm of experience” and “expectations” that structure the time horizon and refer to the universal, and on the other hand, the sociological concept of generations and Svante Lundberg's model of exile with the concepts of Circumstance, Frame and Meaning. Both Koselleck and Lundberg focus on the individual / group and structural context. Sources used have been material from the Swedish Government and the two Polish governments and their agencies. In addition, a number of Polish and Swedish newspapers published during the period 1945-1947 as well as material from the Polish Source Institute in Lund (PIZ) have been studied. Thirteen in-depth interviews with the surviving women (both in Poland and Sweden) have been carried out, resulting in so-called life stories, with the objective of providing an answer to the question of why some of them remained in Sweden after the war while others returned to Poland. In the women's life stories, some themes can be distinguished: the common realm of experience, being adherent to the same sociological generation with a manifest collective memory (which in part developed differently depending on their decisions to remain or return), a link between war and captivity and expectations for the future. Otherwise, the life stories highlight the women's construction of identity, which is affected by growing up in the between-war Poland, the time during World War II and the occupation. It also reveals that these experiences influenced their decision: remaining and returning.
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| 17. |
- Hansson, Sara, 1977-
(author)
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I den goda vårdens namn : Sinnesslövård i 1950-talets Sverige
- 2007
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In 1952 the Swedish parliament commissioned a total evaluation of 13,000 institutionalized individuals designated in the terminology of the day as feeble-minded. The evaluation provides a unique opportunity to attain new knowledge about how the system of institutionalized care of the feeble-minded developed, functioned and was eventually transformed. The main objective of the evaluation, carried out between 1955 and 1959, was to determine if anyone was being held at an institution against their will. Another aim was to find out if inmates were placed in the right type of institution. The same physician examined all 13,000 inmates and the results were nothing less than sensational. Only 39 were considered not to be feeble-minded and only around 500 were considered to be in the wrong type of institution.The institutional system of care for the feeble-minded developed from a few philanthropic institutions in the late 19th century into a complex system of public and private institutions that included various types of schools, work-houses, asylums and hospitals. In order for the system to work it was necessary to transfer inmates between the various institutions, that is, a differentiation process. As the system became more complex new categories of inmates were created and the institutions became more dependent on each other. For the inmates this must have been quite confusing since they were classified differently depending on where they were placed. Initially the dream was to create a rational, modern system of care. The evaluation was thought to be a rational response that would resolve shortcomings in the system, although in the end it revealed that the entire system was clearly irrational. The 1950s mark a turning point, not only in the care of the feeble-minded, but in all types of care, as new experts began questioning the usefulness of institutionalized care.
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