| 71. |
- Martins, Andressa J., et al.
(författare)
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The effect of urbanization on sleep, sleep/wake routine, and metabolic health of residents in the Amazon region of Brazil
- 2020
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Ingår i: Chronobiology International. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0742-0528 .- 1525-6073. ; 37:9-10, s. 1335-1343
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studying communities with different levels of urbanization may further the understanding of risk factors underlying metabolic diseases. The present study is unique by comprising detailed assessment of sleep and activity, biological rhythms, and metabolic factors of men from the same geographical location and place of birth that reside in different, rural vs. town, stages of urbanization. Sleep patterns, activity, and metabolic indicators in two groups (rural, n = 22 and town/urban, n = 20) of men residing in an Amazonian community (Xapuri, Acre, Brazil) were compared. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, and metabolic variables - fasting glucose, insulin resistance, triglycerides, total HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and VLDL cholesterol - were assessed. Sleep patterns, light exposure, and physical activity levels were additionally assessed by actigraphy, plus daily activities were recorded in diaries for 10 days. Town/urban dwellers were found to have significantly higher body weight, fasting glucose, insulin levels, and insulin resistance than rural dwellers, whereas triglycerides levels were similar. Town/Urban dwellers had shorter sleep duration (p< .01) and later sleep onset and offset times (p= .01). Our findings show an association between stage of urbanization and presence of risk factors for metabolic disorders, such as overweight, insulin resistance, increased glucose levels, short sleep duration, and less natural light exposure during work times.
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| 72. |
- Pereira, H., et al.
(författare)
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Integration of polyurethane meniscus scaffold during ACL revision is not reliable at 5 years despite favourable clinical outcome
- 2022
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Ingår i: Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0942-2056 .- 1433-7347. ; 30:10, s. 3422-3427
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcome at 5-year follow-up of a one-step procedure combining anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction and partial meniscus replacement using a polyurethane scaffold for the treatment of symptomatic patients with previously failed ACL reconstruction and partial medial meniscectomy. Moreover, the implanted scaffolds have been evaluated by MRI protocol in terms of morphology, volume, and signal intensity. Methods Twenty patients with symptomatic knee laxity after failed ACL reconstruction and partial medial meniscectomy underwent ACL revision combined with polyurethane-based meniscal scaffold implant. Clinical assessment at 2- and 5-year follow-ups included VAS, Tegner Activity Score, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), and the Lysholm Score. MRI evaluation of the scaffold was performed according to the Genovese scale with quantification of the scaffold's volume at 1- and 5-year follow-ups. Results All scores revealed clinical improvement as compared with the preoperative values at the 2- and 5-year follow-ups. However, a slight, but significant reduction of scores was observed between 2 and 5 years. Concerning the MRI assessment, a significant reduction of the scaffold's volume was observed between 1 and 5 years. Genovese Morphology classification at 5 years included two complete resorptions (Type 3) and all the remaining patients had irregular morphology (Type 2). With regard to the Genovese Signal at the 5-year follow-up, three were classified as markedly hyperintense (Type 1), 15 as slightly hyperintense (Type 2), and two as isointense (Type 1). Conclusion Simultaneous ACL reconstruction and partial meniscus replacement using a polyurethane scaffold provides favourable clinical outcomes in the treatment of symptomatic patients with previously failed ACL reconstruction and partial medial meniscectomy at 5 years. However, MRI evaluation suggests that integration of the scaffold is not consistent.
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| 73. |
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| 74. |
- Qazi, K. R., et al.
(författare)
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Enhancement of DNA vaccine potency by linkage of Plasmodium falciparum malarial antigen gene fused with a fragment of HSP70 gene
- 2005
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Ingår i: Vaccine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0264-410X .- 1873-2518. ; 23:9, s. 1114-1125
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Finding an appropriate adjuvant for human vaccination is crucial. HSPs have been shown to act as adjuvants when coadministered with peptide antigens or given as fusion proteins. However, there is a potential risk of autoimmunity when using the complete molecules because HSPs are evolutionary conserved. To overcome this. we first evaluated the adjuvant effect of a less conserved fragment of Plasmodium falciparum HSP70 (Pf70C) as compared it to that of the whole HSP70 molecule from Trypanosoma cruzi (TcHSP70). We found that Pf70C exhibited similar adjuvant properties as the whole molecule. We then evaluated the adjuvant potential of Pf70C for the malarial antigen EB200 in a chimeric DNA construct. No appreciable levels of EB200 specific antibodies were detected in mice immunized with the DNA constructs only. However, the DNA immunization efficiently primed the immune system, as indicated by the strong Th-1 antibody response elicited by a subsequent boosting with the corresponding recombinant fusion proteins. In contrast, while no such priming effect was observed for ex vivo IFN-gamma production, stimulation with the HSP chimeric fusion protein induced an enhanced secretion of IFN-gamma in vitro as compared to other proteins used. Our results emphasize the potential of HSPs as adjuvants in subunit vaccines.
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| 75. |
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| 76. |
- Rodrigues, CT, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of CBCT-based volumetric distortion and beam hardening artefacts on the assessment of root canal filling quality in isthmus-containing molars
- 2021
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Ingår i: Dento maxillo facial radiology. - : British Institute of Radiology. - 0250-832X. ; 50:5, s. 20200503-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To evaluate the influence of artefacts in cone beam CT (CBCT) images of filled root canals in isthmus-containing molars.Methods:10 teeth presenting canals with an isthmus were instrumented and filled with a thermoplasticised obturation technique. The teeth were scanned using a micro-CT device and two CBCT devices: 3D Accuitomo 170 (ACC) and NewTom VGi evo (NT), with different acquisition protocols: larger and smaller voxel size. Three examiners assessed the CBCT images for: (1) detection of filling voids; (2) assessment of under- or overestimation of the filling material and (3) resemblance of CBCT images to the reference standard. Analyses of Task 1 yielded accuracy, sensitivity and specificity for detection of filling voids. For tasks 2 and 3, statistical analysis was performed using Wilcoxon test. The level of significance was set at p < .05.Results:For Task 1, ACC showed higher sensitivity, whereas NT presented higher specificity. No significant difference was found between the protocols in ACC, however, for NT, differences between protocols were significant for all diagnostic values. In Task 2, visualisation of the filling was overestimated for NT, while for ACC, underestimation was observed. For Task 3, images with smaller voxel size were more similar to the reference image, for both CBCT devices.Conclusions:Different artefacts compromise the detection of filling voids on CBCT images of canals in mandibular molars with isthmus. ACC and NT present rather similar diagnostic accuracy, even though artefact expression remains device-specific.
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| 77. |
- Rowland, L, et al.
(författare)
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After more than a decade of soil moisture deficit, tropical rainforest trees maintain photosynthetic capacity, despite increased leaf respiration.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 21:12, s. 4662-4672
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Determining climate change feedbacks from tropical rainforests requires an understanding of how carbon gain through photosynthesis and loss through respiration will be altered. One of the key changes that tropical rainforests may experience under future climate change scenarios is reduced soil moisture availability. In this study we examine if and how both leaf photosynthesis and leaf dark respiration acclimate following more than 12 years of experimental soil moisture deficit, via a through-fall exclusion experiment (TFE) in an eastern Amazonian rainforest. We find that experimentally drought-stressed trees and taxa maintain the same maximum leaf photosynthetic capacity as trees in corresponding control forest, independent of their susceptibility to drought-induced mortality. We hypothesise that photosynthetic capacity is maintained across all treatments and taxa to take advantage of short-lived periods of high moisture availability, when stomatal conductance (gs ) and photosynthesis can increase rapidly, potentially compensating for reduced assimilate supply at other times. Average leaf dark respiration (Rd ) was elevated in the TFE-treated forest trees relative to the control by 28.2±2.8% (mean ± one standard error). This mean Rd value was dominated by a 48.5±3.6% increase in the Rd of drought-sensitive taxa, and likely reflects the need for additional metabolic support required for stress-related repair, and hydraulic or osmotic maintenance processes. Following soil moisture deficit that is maintained for several years, our data suggest that changes in respiration drive greater shifts in the canopy carbon balance, than changes in photosynthetic capacity. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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