| 521. |
- Qing, Jian, et al.
(författare)
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Aligned and Graded Type-II Ruddlesden-Popper Perovskite Films for Efficient Solar Cells
- 2018
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Ingår i: Advanced Energy Materials. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 1614-6832 .- 1614-6840. ; 8:21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recently, Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites (RPPs) have attracted increasing interests due to their promising stability. However, the efficiency of solar cells based on RPPs is much lower than that based on 3D perovskites, mainly attributed to their poor charge transport. Herein, a simple yet universal method for controlling the quality of RPP films by a synergistic effect of two additives in the precursor solution is presented. RPP films achieved by this method show (a) high quality with uniform morphology, enhanced crystallinity, and reduced density of sub-bandgap states, (b) vertically oriented perovskite frameworks that facilitate efficient charge transport, and (c) type-II band alignment that favors self-driven charge separation. Consequently, a hysteresis-free RPP solar cell with a power conversion efficiency exceeding 12%, which is much higher than that of the control device (1.5%), is achieved. The findings will spur new developments in the fabrication of high-quality, aligned, and graded RPP films essential for realizing efficient and stable perovskite solar cells.
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| 522. |
- Qu, Yanhua, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic responses to seasonalvariation in altitudinal stress: whole-genome resequencing ofgreat tit in eastern Himalayas
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Species that undertake altitudinal migrations are exposed to a considerable seasonal variationin oxygen levels and temperature. How they cope with this was studied in a population of greattit (Parus major) that breeds at high elevations and winters at lower elevations in the easternHimalayas. Comparison of population genomics of high altitudinal great tits and those living inlowlands revealed an accelerated genetic selection for carbohydrate energy metabolism (aminosugar, nucleotide sugar metabolism and insulin signaling pathways) and hypoxia response (PI3K-akt,mTOR and MAPK signaling pathways) in the high altitudinal population. The PI3K-akt, mTOR andMAPK pathways modulate the hypoxia-inducible factors, HIF-1α and VEGF protein expression thusindirectly regulate hypoxia induced angiogenesis, erythropoiesis and vasodilatation. The strategiesobserved in high altitudinal great tits differ from those described in a closely related species onthe Tibetan Plateau, the sedentary ground tit (Parus humilis). This species has enhanced selectionin lipid-specific metabolic pathways and hypoxia-inducible factor pathway (HIF-1). Comparativepopulation genomics also revealed selection for larger body size in high altitudinal great tits.
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| 523. |
- Rath, Emma M, et al.
(författare)
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BAMLET kills chemotherapy-resistant mesothelioma cells, holding oleic acid in an activated cytotoxic state
- 2018
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 13:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Malignant pleural mesothelioma is an aggressive cancer with poor prognosis. Here we have investigated in vitro efficacy of BAMLET and BLAGLET complexes (anti-cancer complexes consisting of oleic acid and bovine α-lactalbumin or β-lactoglobulin respectively) in killing mesothelioma cells, determined BAMLET and BLAGLET structures, and investigated possible biological mechanisms. We performed cell viability assays on 16 mesothelioma cell lines. BAMLET and BLAGLET having increasing oleic acid content inhibited human and rat mesothelioma cell line proliferation at decreasing doses. Most of the non-cancer primary human fibroblasts were more resistant to BAMLET than were human mesothelioma cells. BAMLET showed similar cytotoxicity to cisplatin-resistant, pemetrexed-resistant, vinorelbine-resistant, and parental rat mesothelioma cells, indicating the BAMLET anti-cancer mechanism may be different to drugs currently used to treat mesothelioma. Cisplatin, pemetrexed, gemcitabine, vinorelbine, and BAMLET, did not demonstrate a therapeutic window for mesothelioma compared with immortalised non-cancer mesothelial cells. We demonstrated by quantitative PCR that ATP synthase is downregulated in mesothelioma cells in response to regular dosing with BAMLET. We sought structural insight for BAMLET and BLAGLET activity by performing small angle X-ray scattering, circular dichroism, and scanning electron microscopy. Our results indicate the structural mechanism by which BAMLET and BLAGLET achieve increased cytotoxicity by holding increasing amounts of oleic acid in an active cytotoxic state encapsulated in increasingly unfolded protein. Our structural studies revealed similarity in the molecular structure of the protein components of these two complexes and in their encapsulation of the fatty acid, and differences in the microscopic structure and structural stability. BAMLET forms rounded aggregates and BLAGLET forms long fibre-like aggregates whose aggregation is more stable than that of BAMLET due to intermolecular disulphide bonds. The results reported here indicate that BAMLET and BLAGLET may be effective second-line treatment options for mesothelioma.
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| 524. |
- Ren, Long Jun, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of conventional physiotherapy on pain and muscle stiffness in patients with low back pain assessed by a wireless hand-held tissue ultrasound palpation system (TUPS)
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Physical Medicine Rehabilitation. - : Omics Publishing Group. - 2329-9096. ; 7:2, s. 1-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Low back pain (LPB) is a common health problem. While physiotherapy can relieve pain and the muscle stiffness of patients with LBP was shown to be different from healthy people, few studies have investigated the effect of physiotherapy on back muscle stiffness in patients with LBP.Objective: To investigate the effect of a 5-day conventional physiotherapy treatment on muscle stiffness of patients with LBP using a newly developed wireless hand-held ultrasound probe.Methods: A total of ten patients with LBP participated in this study. They received customized conventional physiotherapy containing electrical therapy, traditional Chinese medicine, manipulation and wax therapy. The pain level was evaluated by the visual analogue scale, and the muscle stiffness was measured by a wireless hand-held tissue ultrasound palpation system. The muscle stiffness of left and right sides at L1 and L4 levels and pain level were evaluated in two conditions, including baseline and 5-day post treatments.Results and discussion: After receiving the treatment, the muscle stiffness of all tested low back regions increased significantly (p=0.040). The muscle stiffness at L4 level was significantly higher than that of L1 level (p=0.021). No significant difference of muscle stiffness between left and right sides was found. The correlation between the muscle stiffness and VAS score appeared to decrease after receiving the treatment (R2 changed from 0.3598 to 0.0533).Conclusion: A five-day conventional physiotherapy treatment could relieve the pain level and increase the muscle stiffness of patients with LBP as evaluated by a wireless hand-held ultrasound probe. The stiffness of back muscle at L4 level was significantly higher than that of L1 level in patients with LBP. The treatment may change the correlation between the muscle stiffness and VAS score at low back region.
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| 525. |
- Ringsberg, Jonas, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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ISSC Technical Committee II.1 - Quasi-Static Response
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings of The 20th International Ship and Offshore Structures Congress (ISSC 2018). - 9781614998624 ; 1, s. 171-253
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- (COMMITTEE MANDATE) Concern for the quasi-static response of ships and offshore structures, as required for safety and serviceability assessments. Attention shall be given to uncertainty of calculation models for use in reliability methods, and to consider both exact and approximate methods for the determination of stresses appropriate for different acceptance criteria.
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| 526. |
- Ritscher, Amélie, et al.
(författare)
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Zurich Statement on Future Actions on Per - and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs)
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Health Perspectives. - 0091-6765 .- 1552-9924. ; 126:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Per - and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are man-made chemicals that contain at least one perfluoroalkyl moiety, -CnF2n-. To date, over 4,000 unique PFASs have been used in technical applications and consumer products, and some of them have been detected globally in human and wildlife biomonitoring studies. Because of their extraordinary persistence, human and environmental exposure to PFASs will be a long-term source of concern. Some PFASs such as perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) have been investigated extensively and thus regulated, but for many other PFASs, knowledge about their current uses and hazards is still very limited or missing entirely. To address this problem and prepare an action plan for the assessment and management of PFASs in the coming years, a group of more than 50 international scientists and regulators held a two-day workshop in November, 2017. The group identified both the respective needs of and common goals shared by the scientific and the policy communities, made recommendations for cooperative actions, and outlined how the science-policy interface regarding PFASs can be strengthened using new approaches for assessing and managing highly persistent chemicals such as PFASs.
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| 527. |
- Rodrigues, Artur Filipe, et al.
(författare)
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Size-Dependent Pulmonary Impact of Thin Graphene Oxide Sheets in Mice : Toward Safe-by-Design
- 2020
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Ingår i: Advanced Science. - : Wiley. - 2198-3844. ; 7:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Safety assessment of graphene-based materials (GBMs) including graphene oxide (GO) is essential for their safe use across many sectors of society. In particular, the link between specific material properties and biological effects needs to be further elucidated. Here, the effects of lateral dimensions of GO sheets in acute and chronic pulmonary responses after single intranasal instillation in mice are compared. Micrometer-sized GO induces stronger pulmonary inflammation than nanometer-sized GO, despite reduced translocation to the lungs. Genome-wide RNA sequencing also reveals distinct size-dependent effects of GO, in agreement with the histopathological results. Although large GO, but not the smallest GO, triggers the formation of granulomas that persists for up to 90 days, no pulmonary fibrosis is observed. These latter results can be partly explained by Raman imaging, which evidences the progressive biotransformation of GO into less graphitic structures. The findings demonstrate that lateral dimensions play a fundamental role in the pulmonary response to GO, and suggest that airborne exposure to micrometer-sized GO should be avoided in the production plant or applications, where aerosolized dispersions are likely to occur. These results are important toward the implementation of a safer-by-design approach for GBM products and applications, for the benefit of workers and end-users.
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| 528. |
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| 529. |
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| 530. |
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