| 11. |
- Franic, Iva, et al.
(författare)
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Worldwide diversity of endophytic fungi and insects associated with dormant tree twigs
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scientific Data. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2052-4463. ; 9:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- International trade in plants and climate change are two of the main factors causing damaging tree pests (i.e. fungi and insects) to spread into new areas. To mitigate these risks, a large-scale assessment of tree-associated fungi and insects is needed. We present records of endophytic fungi and insects in twigs of 17 angiosperm and gymnosperm genera, from 51 locations in 32 countries worldwide. Endophytic fungi were characterized by high-throughput sequencing of 352 samples from 145 tree species in 28 countries. Insects were reared from 227 samples of 109 tree species in 18 countries and sorted into taxonomic orders and feeding guilds. Herbivorous insects were grouped into morphospecies and were identified using molecular and morphological approaches. This dataset reveals the diversity of tree-associated taxa, as it contains 12,721 fungal Amplicon Sequence Variants and 208 herbivorous insect morphospecies, sampled across broad geographic and climatic gradients and for many tree species. This dataset will facilitate applied and fundamental studies on the distribution of fungal endophytes and insects in trees.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Johnston, S. Claiborne, et al.
(författare)
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Ischemic Benefit and Hemorrhage Risk of Ticagrelor-Aspirin Versus Aspirin in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack
- 2021
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Ingår i: Stroke. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 0039-2499 .- 1524-4628. ; 52:11, s. 3482-3489
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Purpose: In patients with acute mild-moderate ischemic stroke or high-risk transient ischemic attack, the THALES trial (Acute Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack Treated With Ticagrelor and Aspirin for Prevention of Stroke and Death) demonstrated that when added to aspirin, ticagrelor reduced stroke or death but increased risk of severe hemorrhage compared with placebo. The primary efficacy outcome of THALES included hemorrhagic stroke and death, events also counted in the primary safety outcome. We sought to disentangle risk and benefit, assess their relative impact, and attempt to identify subgroups with disproportionate risk or benefit. Methods: In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of patients with mild-to-moderate acute noncardioembolic ischemic stroke or high-risk transient ischemic attack, patients were randomized within 24 hours after symptom onset to a 30-day regimen of either ticagrelor plus aspirin or matching placebo plus aspirin. For the present analyses, we defined the efficacy outcome, major ischemic events, as the composite of ischemic stroke or nonhemorrhagic death, and defined the safety outcome, major hemorrhage, as intracranial hemorrhage or hemorrhagic death. Net clinical impact was defined as the combination of these 2 end points. Results: In 11 016 patients (5523 ticagrelor-aspirin and 5493 aspirin), a major ischemic event occurred in 294 patients (5.3%) in the ticagrelor-aspirin group and in 359 patients (6.5%) in the aspirin group (absolute risk reduction 1.19% [95% CI, 0.31%-2.07%]). Major hemorrhage occurred in 22 patients (0.4%) in the ticagrelor-aspirin group and 6 patients (0.1%) in the aspirin group (absolute risk increase 0.29% [95% CI, 0.10%-0.48%]). Net clinical impact favored ticagrelor-aspirin (absolute risk reduction 0.97% [95% CI, 0.08%-1.87%]). Findings were similar when different thresholds for disability were applied and over a range of predefined subgroups. Conclusions: In patients with mild-moderate ischemic stroke or high-risk transient ischemic attack, ischemic benefits of 30-day treatment with ticagrelor-aspirin outweigh risks of hemorrhage. REGISTRATION: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT03354429.
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| 14. |
- Johnston, S. Claiborne, et al.
(författare)
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The Acute Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack Treated with Ticagrelor and Aspirin for Prevention of Stroke and Death (THALES) trial : Rationale and design
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Stroke. - : SAGE Publications. - 1747-4930 .- 1747-4949. ; 14:7, s. 745-751
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- RationaleIn patients with acute cerebral ischemia, the rate of stroke, myocardial infarction, or death during 90 days was reported to be non-significantly lower with ticagrelor compared with aspirin, with no increase in major hemorrhage. Dual antiplatelet therapy may be more effective in this setting.AimTo investigate whether ticagrelor combined with aspirin are superior to aspirin alone in preventing stroke or death in patients with non-severe, non-cardioembolic ischemic stroke or high-risk transient ischemic attack.DesignThe Acute Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack Treated with Ticagrelor and Aspirin for Prevention of Stroke and Death (THALES) trial is a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, event-driven study. Patients will be randomized within 24 h of onset of acute ischemic symptoms. THALES is expected to randomize 13,000 at ∼450 sites worldwide, to collect 764 primary outcome events. Study treatments are ticagrelor 180 mg loading dose on day 1, then 90 mg twice daily on days 2–30, or matching placebo. All patients will also receive open-label aspirin 300–325 mg on day 1, then 75–100 mg once daily on days 2–30.Study outcomesThe primary efficacy outcome is time to the composite endpoint of stroke or death through 30-day follow-up. The primary safety outcome is time to first severe bleeding event.DiscussionThe THALES trial will provide important information about the benefits and risks of dual antiplatelet therapy with ticagrelor and aspirin in patients with acute cerebral ischemia in a global setting (funding: AstraZeneca)
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| 15. |
- Johnston, S. Claiborne, et al.
(författare)
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Ticagrelor and Aspirin or Aspirin Alone in Acute Ischemic Stroke or TIA
- 2020
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Ingår i: New England Journal of Medicine. - : Massachusetts Medical Society. - 0028-4793 .- 1533-4406. ; 383:3, s. 207-217
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundTrials have evaluated the use of clopidogrel and aspirin to prevent stroke after an ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). In a previous trial, ticagrelor was not better than aspirin in preventing vascular events or death after stroke or TIA. The effect of the combination of ticagrelor and aspirin on prevention of stroke has not been well studied.MethodsWe conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial involving patients who had had a mild-to-moderate acute noncardioembolic ischemic stroke, with a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score of 5 or less (range, 0 to 42, with higher scores indicating more severe stroke), or TIA and who were not undergoing thrombolysis or thrombectomy. The patients were assigned within 24 hours after symptom onset, in a 1:1 ratio, to receive a 30-day regimen of either ticagrelor (180-mg loading dose followed by 90 mg twice daily) plus aspirin (300 to 325 mg on the first day followed by 75 to 100 mg daily) or matching placebo plus aspirin. The primary outcome was a composite of stroke or death within 30 days. Secondary outcomes were first subsequent ischemic stroke and the incidence of disability within 30 days. The primary safety outcome was severe bleeding.ResultsA total of 11,016 patients underwent randomization (5523 in the ticagrelor–aspirin group and 5493 in the aspirin group). A primary-outcome event occurred in 303 patients (5.5%) in the ticagrelor–aspirin group and in 362 patients (6.6%) in the aspirin group (hazard ratio, 0.83; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.71 to 0.96; P=0.02). Ischemic stroke occurred in 276 patients (5.0%) in the ticagrelor–aspirin group and in 345 patients (6.3%) in the aspirin group (hazard ratio, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.68 to 0.93; P=0.004). The incidence of disability did not differ significantly between the two groups. Severe bleeding occurred in 28 patients (0.5%) in the ticagrelor–aspirin group and in 7 patients (0.1%) in the aspirin group (P=0.001).ConclusionsAmong patients with a mild-to-moderate acute noncardioembolic ischemic stroke (NIHSS score ≤5) or TIA who were not undergoing intravenous or endovascular thrombolysis, the risk of the composite of stroke or death within 30 days was lower with ticagrelor–aspirin than with aspirin alone, but the incidence of disability did not differ significantly between the two groups. Severe bleeding was more frequent with ticagrelor.
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| 16. |
- Li, Yonghong, et al.
(författare)
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Novel strains with superior degrading efficiency for lincomycin manufacturing biowaste
- 2021
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Ingår i: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. - : Elsevier BV. - 1090-2414 .- 0147-6513. ; 209
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As the antibiotic pollution source in the environment, a large amount of biowastes generated from antibiotic fermentation manufacture needs proper disposal. Recycling the biowaste as resources and nutrients is of great interest. Besides, degradation or removal of antibiotics is indispensable for the reclamation of antibiotic manufacturing biowaste. To establish environmentally friendly disposal strategies for lincomycin manufacturing biowaste (LMB), we screened the microbial strains that could efficiently degrade lincomycin from the antibiotic wastewater treatment plant. Among them, three novel strains were identified as Bacillus subtilis (strain LMB-A), Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (strain LMB-D) and Penicillium oxalicum (strain LMB-E), respectively. LMB-A and LMB-D could degrade 92.69% and 74.05% of lincomycin with an initial concentration of 1117.55 mg/L in 144 h, respectively. The lincomycin degradation products were formed by the breakage of amide bond or losing N-demethyl/thiomethyl group from the pyrrolidine/pyranose ringcata cata catalyzed by the strains. Moreover, LMB-A could decontaminate LMB, and the decontaminated LMB could be used as a nitrogen source to culture salt-resistant bacteria and other useful microorganisms. LMB-A and LMB-D have the potential to be used for the bioremediation of water and soil polluted by lincomycin and its analogs. LMB-E could degrade 88.20% LMB after 144-h cultivation. In summary, this study gives an insight into the green disposal of LMB, and the established strategy has potential application for biotreatment of other antibiotic fermentation manufacturing biowastes.
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| 17. |
- Liang, Jiawei, et al.
(författare)
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Performance and microbial communities of a novel integrated industrial-scale pulp and paper wastewater treatment plant
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-6526. ; 278
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ltd Paper production generates pulp and paper wastewater (PPW), and it is difficult to remove the high-level pollutants in PPW efficiently. Herein, an efficient industrial-scale pulp and paper wastewater treatment plant (PP-WWTP) that integrated physicochemical and biological processes is investigated and reported. This PP-WWTP treated 2.3 Mt of wastewater with 17,388 ± 1436 mg/L chemical oxygen demand (COD) annually. The PP-WWTP can effectively remove over 99.81% of the COD. In detail, the physical, anaerobic, aerobic and chemical steps accounted for 41.6%, 40.0%, 11.9%, and 6.5% of COD removal, respectively. The microbial communities of the bioreactors removed the pollutants efficiently and contained diverse microbes. Further metagenomic analyses of the bioreactors identified more than 90,000 genes/gene fragments encoding for carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZys), demonstrating high lignocellulose degradation ability of the bioreactors at molecular level. The xylanase activity assay showed some lignocellulase in the bioreactors were functional. Recycling the residual heat from the PPW along with energy recovered from biological treatment of the PPW, in the form of biogas (20,000 m³/d), could generate more than 1.5 M USD benefits/y. The results of this study demonstrated that the integrated physicochemical and biological process for PPWW treatment could effectively remove pollutants while generating revenue.
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| 18. |
- Liu, Yongjun, et al.
(författare)
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Depth from defocus (DFD) based on VFISTA optimization algorithm in micro/nanometer vision
- 2019
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Ingår i: Cluster Computing. - : SPRINGER. - 1386-7857 .- 1573-7543. ; 22, s. 1459-1467
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the three-dimensional (3D) morphological reconstruction of micro/nano-scale vision, the global depth from defocus algorithm (DFD) transforms the depth information of the scene into a dynamic optimization problem to solve. In order to improve the problem of dynamic optimization in the recovery process of global DFD, a variable-step-size fast iterative shrinkage-thresholding algorithm (VFISTA) is proposed. The traditional iterative shrinkage-thresholding algorithm (ISTA) is often used to solve this dynamic optimization problem in the global DFD method. The ISTA algorithm is an extension of the gradient descent method, which is close to the minimal value point of the optimization process, and the convergence speed is slow. What is more, the ISTA algorithm uses fixed step length in the iterative process, The search direction tend to be "orthogonal", prone to "saw tooth" phenomenon, so close to the minimum point when the convergence rate is slower. First, the VFISTA algorithm joins the acceleration operator on the basis of the ISTA algorithm. Further, it combines linear search method to find the optimal iteration length, and changes the limit of the ISTA algorithm step fixed. Finally, it is applied to the depth measurement of defocus scene in micro/nanometer scale vision. The experimental results show that the proposed fast depth from defocus algorithm based on VFISTA has faster convergent speed. Moreover, the precision of the measurement is obviously improved in micro/nanometer scale vision.
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| 19. |
- Liu, Yuanfeng, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring Gut Microbiota in Patients with Colorectal Disease Based on 16S rRNA Gene Amplicon and Shallow Metagenomic Sequencing
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-889X. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The gastrointestinal tract, the largest human microbial reservoir, is highly dynamic. The gut microbes play essential roles in causing colorectal diseases. In the present study, we explored potential keystone taxa during the development of colorectal diseases in central China. Fecal samples of some patients were collected and were allocated to the adenoma (Group A), colorectal cancer (Group C), and hemorrhoid (Group H) groups. The 16S rRNA amplicon and shallow metagenomic sequencing (SMS) strategies were used to recover the gut microbiota. Microbial diversities obtained from 16S rRNA amplicon and SMS data were similar. Group C had the highest diversity, although no significant difference in diversity was observed among the groups. The most dominant phyla in the gut microbiota of patients with colorectal diseases were Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria, accounting for >95% of microbes in the samples. The most abundant genera in the samples were Bacteroides, Prevotella, and Escherichia/Shigella, and further species-level and network analyses identified certain potential keystone taxa in each group. Some of the dominant species, such as Prevotella copri, Bacteroides dorei, and Bacteroides vulgatus, could be responsible for causing colorectal diseases. The SMS data recovered diverse antibiotic resistance genes of tetracycline, macrolide, and beta-lactam, which could be a result of antibiotic overuse. This study explored the gut microbiota of patients with three different types of colorectal diseases, and the microbial diversity results obtained from 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and SMS data were found to be similar. However, the findings of this study are based on a limited sample size, which warrants further large-scale studies. The recovery of gut microbiota profiles in patients with colorectal diseases could be beneficial for future diagnosis and treatment with modulation of the gut microbiota. Moreover, SMS data can provide accurate species- and gene-level information, and it is economical. It can therefore be widely applied in future clinical metagenomic studies.
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| 20. |
- Tang, Jinfeng, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Highly efficient recovery and clean-up of four heavy metals from MSWI fly ash by integrating leaching, selective extraction and adsorption
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-6526. ; 234, s. 139-149
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash contains significant amounts of heavy metals (e.g., Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) and is therefore considered to be a hazardous waste requiring proper treatment prior to its disposal. In this work, an integrated hydrometallurgical process for treatment of MSWI fly ash was evaluated. Valuable metals, e.g. Cu and Zn, were first recovered by combining leaching and extraction sequentially. In the next step, the t removal of Cd and Pb from the remaining leachate using four types of iron-based adsorbents was evaluated. The leaching was optimized with respect to pH, leaching time and liquid to solid ratio. A test done under optimal conditions gave metal releases of 100% and 80% for Cu and Zn as well as 100% and 85% for Cd and Pb, respectively. The resulting leachate was contacted with organic phases based on kerosene containing the extractants LIX860N–I for Cu extraction and Cyanex 572 for Zn extraction in two consecutive steps. Efficient extractions were achieved, thus demonstrating that the combination of leaching and extraction can be successfully used for the recovery of Cu and Zn. Adsorption of heavy metal ions on various iron based sorbents to detoxify the aqueous effluent from the extraction showed good removal efficiency (more than 95%) for both Cd and Pb. The results of this study show that the proposed integrated process is a promising tool that can be used in the strategy for metal recovery and detoxification of MSWI fly ash.
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