91. |
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92. |
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93. |
- Widner, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
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Scintigraphic method to quantify the passage from brain parenchyma to the deep cervical lymph nodes in rats
- 1987
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Ingår i: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. - 1619-7070. ; 13:9, s. 456-461
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to investigate the kinetics of the passage from the brain parenchyma to the lymphatic system in vivo a high resolution scintillation camera technique was developed. Albumin, albumin colloids and dextran labelled with 99mTc were injected into the right side of the thalamus of anesthetized rats. Continuous measurement of the activity distribution in head and neck were performed for 70 min. Rate constants were calculated by means of a computer program for compartment analysis. The animals were killed 10 h postinjection, to measure the activity in tissue samples. For some animals, images were registered up to 24 h after injection. This work presents an in vivo technique to clarify the particle flow paths in the brain and make quantification possible. The method is simple and does not require continuous blood or lymph sampling. Our work shows that there is a substantial flow of injected material from the brain via lamina cribriformis to the lymphatic system. This route is of great interest for the drainage of the interstitial fluid of the brain. We have also shown a difference in flow for dextran particles with different charge
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94. |
- Widner, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
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Strategies to modify levodopa treatment.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Parkinson's Disease (Advances in Neurology ; 91). - 0781740843 ; 91, s. 229-236
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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95. |
- Wirdefeldt, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Complete ascertainment of Parkinson disease in the Swedish Twin Registry
- 2008
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Ingår i: Neurobiology of Aging. - : Elsevier BV. - 1558-1497 .- 0197-4580. ; 29:12, s. 1765-1773
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This report describes the ascertainment of Parkinson disease (PD) in all individuals aged 50 years or older (49,814 individuals) from the Swedish Twin Registry. In phase one of the study, all twins were screened for PD using telephone interviews, with a response rate of 72.7%. In phase two, twins with suspected PD were re-contacted to exclude anyone from follow-up who reported parkinsonian symptoms due to diseases other than PD. In the third phase, in-person clinical evaluations were completed for twins who were still considered PD suspects after phase two and for a sample of co-twins. During the clinical evaluations, we also collected blood samples and information about a variety of environmental exposures. Overall prevalence rate for PD was 496 per 100,000 individuals. Among the 132 PD cases identified, there were only three concordant twin pairs. In total 7.2% of PD cases reported a first degree relative with PD.
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96. |
- Wiszmeg, Andréa, et al.
(författare)
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Transforming trash to treasure Cultural ambiguity in foetal cell research
- 2021
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Ingår i: Philosophy Ethics and Humanities in Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1747-5341. ; 16:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Rich in different kind of potent cells, embryos are used in modern regenerative medicine and research. Neurobiologists today are pushing the boundaries for what can be done with embryos existing in the transitory margins of medicine. Therefore, there is a growing need to develop conceptual frameworks for interpreting the transformative cultural, biological and technical processes involving these aborted, donated and marginal embryos. This article is a contribution to this development of frameworks. Methods This article examines different emotional, cognitive and discursive strategies used by neurobiologists in a foetal cell transplantation trial in Parkinson's disease research, using cells harvested from aborted embryos. Two interviews were analysed in the light of former observations in the processing laboratories, using the anthropologist Mary Douglas's concept of pollution behaviour and the linguist, philosopher, psychoanalyst and feminist Julia Kristeva's concept of the abjective to explain and make sense of the findings. Results The findings indicate that the labour performed by the researchers in the trial work involves transforming the foetal material practically, as well as culturally, from trash to treasure. The transformation process contains different phases, and in the interview material we observed that the foetal material or cells were considered objects, subjects or rejected as abject by the researchers handling them, depending on what phase of process or practice they referred to or had experience of. As demonstrated in the analysis, it is the human origin of the cell that makes it abjective and activates pollution discourse, when the researchers talk of their practice. Conclusions The marginal and ambiguous status of the embryo that emerges in the accounts turns the scientists handling foetal cells into liminal characters in modern medicine. Focusing on how practical as well as emotional and cultural strategies and rationalizations of the researchers emerge in interview accounts, this study adds insights on the rationale of practically procuring, transforming and utilizing the foetal material to the already existing studies focused on the donations. We also discuss why the use and refinement of a tissue, around which there is practical consensus but cultural ambiguity, deserves further investigation.
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97. |
- Wraith, James E., et al.
(författare)
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Recommendations on the diagnosis and management of Niemann-Pick disease type C
- 2009
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Ingår i: Molecular Genetics and Metabolism. - : Elsevier BV. - 1096-7192. ; 98:1-2, s. 152-165
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Niemann-Pick disease type C (NP-C) is a lysosomal storage disease in which impaired intracellular lipid trafficking leads to excess storage of cholesterol and glycosphingolipids in the brain and other tissues. it is characterized clinically by a variety of progressive, disabling neurological symptoms including clumsiness, limb and gait ataxia, dysarthria, dysphagia and cognitive deterioration (dementia). Until recently, there has been no disease-modifying therapy available for NP-C, with treatment limited to supportive measures. In most countries, NP-C is managed through specialist centers, with non-specialist support provided locally. However, effective patient Support is hampered by the absence of national or international clinical management guidelines. In this paper, we seek to address this important gap in the Current literature. An expert panel Was convened in Paris, France in January 2009 to discuss best care practices for NP-C. This commentary reviews Current literature on key aspects of the clinical management of NP-C in children, juveniles and adults, and provides recommendations based on consensus between the experts at the meeting. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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