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Sökning: WFRF:(Xu B)

  • Resultat 1851-1860 av 2041
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1851.
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1852.
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1853.
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1854.
  • Vlasschaert, Caitlyn, et al. (författare)
  • A practical approach to curate clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential in human genetic data sets
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Blood. - : American Society of Hematology. - 0006-4971 .- 1528-0020. ; 141:18, s. 2214-2223
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) is a common form of age-related somatic mosaicism that is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. CHIP mutations can be identified in peripheral blood samples that are sequenced using approaches that cover the whole genome, the whole exome, or targeted genetic regions; however, differentiating true CHIP mutations from sequencing artifacts and germ line variants is a considerable bioinformatic challenge. We present a stepwise method that combines filtering based on sequencing metrics, variant annotation, and population-based associations to increase the accuracy of CHIP calls. We apply this approach to ascertain CHIP in ∼550 000 individuals in the UK Biobank complete whole exome cohort and the All of Us Research Program initial whole genome release cohort. CHIP ascertainment on this scale unmasks recurrent artifactual variants and highlights the importance of specialized filtering approaches for several genes, including TET2 and ASXL1. We show how small changes in filtering parameters can considerably increase CHIP misclassification and reduce the effect size of epidemiological associations. Our high-fidelity call set refines previous population-based associations of CHIP with incident outcomes. For example, the annualized incidence of myeloid malignancy in individuals with small CHIP clones is 0.03% per year, which increases to 0.5% per year among individuals with very large CHIP clones. We also find a significantly lower prevalence of CHIP in individuals of self-reported Latino or Hispanic ethnicity in All of Us, highlighting the importance of including diverse populations. The standardization of CHIP calling will increase the fidelity of CHIP epidemiological work and is required for clinical CHIP diagnostic assays.
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1855.
  • Vrabel, P., et al. (författare)
  • CMA : integration of fluid dynamics and microbial kinetics in modelling of large-scale fermentations
  • 2001
  • Ingår i: Chemical Engineering Journal. - 1385-8947 .- 1873-3212. ; 84:3, s. 463-474
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Transport limitation is regarded as one of the major phenomena leading to process yield reduction in large-scale fermentations. Knowledge of both the fluid dynamics and the microbial kinetics is needed for understanding and describing situations in large-scale production bioreactors. Microbial kinetics of Escherichia coli including flow metabolism was determined in lab-scale batch and fed-batch experiments. The effect of high substrate fluctuations on metabolism was quantified in scale-down experiments. This knowledge was incorporated into a flow model based on the compartment model approach (CMA). The flow model was verified by mixing time experiments on aerated reactors mixed with multiple impellers at different regimes with liquid volumes 8-22 m(3). The integral model, predicting local glucose, acetate and biomass concentrations in different parts of the reactor, was compared to three large-scale fermentations performed in two different reactors. If lab-scale kinetics was used, the biomass prediction overestimated the biomass concentration. Lab-scale kinetics modified by the results of scale-down experiments incorporating the effect of substrate fluctuations gave a rather satisfying description of biomass concentration. Glucose gradients in different parts of the reactor and acetate produced as a result of overflow metabolism were predicted on a qualitative level. The simulations show that at present the decisive factor for a successful integration of fluid dynamics and microbial kinetics is the kinetics.
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1856.
  • Wan, Guihong, et al. (författare)
  • Development and validation of time-to-event models to predict metastatic recurrence of localized cutaneous melanoma
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. - 0190-9622. ; 90:2, s. 288-298
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: The recent expansion of immunotherapy for stage IIB/IIC melanoma highlights a growing clinical need to identify patients at high risk of metastatic recurrence and, therefore, most likely to benefit from this therapeutic modality. Objective: To develop time-to-event risk prediction models for melanoma metastatic recurrence. Methods: Patients diagnosed with stage I/II primary cutaneous melanoma between 2000 and 2020 at Mass General Brigham and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute were included. Melanoma recurrence date and type were determined by chart review. Thirty clinicopathologic factors were extracted from electronic health records. Three types of time-to-event machine-learning models were evaluated internally and externally in the distant versus locoregional/nonrecurrence prediction. Results: This study included 954 melanomas (155 distant, 163 locoregional, and 636 1:2 matched nonrecurrences). Distant recurrences were associated with worse survival compared to locoregional/nonrecurrences (HR: 6.21, P < .001) and to locoregional recurrences only (HR: 5.79, P < .001). The Gradient Boosting Survival model achieved the best performance (concordance index: 0.816; time-dependent AUC: 0.842; Brier score: 0.103) in the external validation. Limitations: Retrospective nature and cohort from one geography. Conclusions: These results suggest that time-to-event machine-learning models can reliably predict the metastatic recurrence from localized melanoma and help identify high-risk patients who are most likely to benefit from immunotherapy.
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1857.
  • Wanasinghe, Dhanushka N., et al. (författare)
  • Fungal diversity notes 709–839 : taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa with an emphasis on fungi on Rosaceae
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Fungal diversity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1560-2745 .- 1878-9129. ; 89:1, s. 1-236
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper is the seventh in the Fungal Diversity Notes series, where 131 taxa accommodated in 28 families are mainly described from Rosa (Rosaceae) and a few other hosts. Novel fungal taxa are described in the present study, including 17 new genera, 93 new species, four combinations, a sexual record for a species and new host records for 16 species. Bhatiellae, Cycasicola, Dactylidina, Embarria, Hawksworthiana, Italica, Melanocucurbitaria, Melanodiplodia, Monoseptella, Uzbekistanica, Neoconiothyrium, Neopaucispora, Pararoussoella, Paraxylaria, Marjia, Sporormurispora and Xenomassariosphaeria are introduced as new ascomycete genera. We also introduce the new species Absidia jindoensis, Alternaria doliconidium, A. hampshirensis, Angustimassarina rosarum, Astragalicola vasilyevae, Backusella locustae, Bartalinia rosicola, Bhatiellae rosae, Broomella rosae, Castanediella camelliae, Coelodictyosporium rosarum, Comoclathris rosae, C. rosarum, Comoclathris rosigena, Coniochaeta baysunika, C. rosae, Cycasicola goaensis, Dactylidina shoemakeri, Dematiopleospora donetzica, D. rosicola, D. salsolae, Diaporthe rosae, D. rosicola, Endoconidioma rosae-hissaricae, Epicoccum rosae, Hawksworthiana clematidicola, H. lonicerae, Italica achilleae, Keissleriella phragmiticola, K. rosacearum, K. rosae, K. rosarum, Lophiostoma rosae, Marjia tianschanica, M. uzbekistanica, Melanocucurbitaria uzbekistanica, Melanodiplodia tianschanica, Monoseptella rosae, Mucor fluvius, Muriformistrickeria rosae, Murilentithecium rosae, Neoascochyta rosicola, Neoconiothyrium rosae, Neopaucispora rosaecae, Neosetophoma rosarum, N. rosae, N. rosigena, Neostagonospora artemisiae, Ophiobolus artemisiicola, Paraconiothyrium rosae, Paraphaeosphaeria rosae, P. rosicola, Pararoussoella rosarum, Parathyridaria rosae, Paraxylaria rosacearum, Penicillium acidum, P. aquaticum, Phragmocamarosporium rosae, Pleospora rosae, P. rosae-caninae, Poaceicola agrostina, P. arundinicola, P. rosae, Populocrescentia ammophilae, P. rosae, Pseudocamarosporium pteleae, P. ulmi-minoris, Pseudocercospora rosae, Pseudopithomyces rosae, Pseudostrickeria rosae, Sclerostagonospora lathyri, S. rosae, S. rosicola, Seimatosporium rosigenum, S. rosicola, Seiridium rosarum, Setoseptoria arundelensis, S. englandensis, S. lulworthcovensis, Sigarispora agrostidis, S. caryophyllacearum, S. junci, S. medicaginicola, S. rosicola, S. scrophulariae, S. thymi, Sporormurispora atraphaxidis, S. pruni, Suttonomyces rosae, Umbelopsis sinsidoensis, Uzbekistanica rosae-hissaricae, U. yakutkhanika, Wojnowicia rosicola, Xenomassariosphaeria rosae. New host records are provided for Amandinea punctata, Angustimassarina quercicola, Diaporthe rhusicola, D. eres, D. foeniculina, D. rudis, Diplodia seriata, Dothiorella iberica, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Lecidella elaeochroma, Muriformistrickeria rubi, Neofusicoccum australe, Paraphaeosphaeria michotii, Pleurophoma pleurospora, Sigarispora caulium and Teichospora rubriostiolata. The new combinations are Dactylidina dactylidis (=Allophaeosphaeria dactylidis), Embarria clematidis (=Allophaeosphaeria clematidis), Hawksworthiana alliariae (=Dematiopleospora alliariae) and Italica luzulae (=Dematiopleospora luzulae).This study also provides some insights into the diversity of fungi on Rosa species and especially those on Rosa spines that resulted in the characterisation of eight new genera, 45 new species, and nine new host records. We also collected taxa from Rosa stems and there was 31% (20/65) overlap with taxa found on stems with that on spines.Because of the limited and non-targeted sampling for comparison with collections from spines and stems of the same host and location, it is not possible to say that the fungi on spines of Rosa differ from those on stems. The study however, does illustrate how spines are interesting substrates with high fungal biodiversity. This may be because of their hard structure resulting in slow decay and hence are suitable substrates leading to fungal colonisation. All data presented herein are based on morphological examination of specimens, coupled with phylogenetic sequence data to better integrate taxa into appropriate taxonomic ranks and infer their evolutionary relationships.
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1858.
  • Wang, B., et al. (författare)
  • Semiglobal Suboptimal Output Regulation for Heterogeneous Multi-Agent Systems With Input Saturation via Adaptive Dynamic Programming
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 2162-237X .- 2162-2388. ; , s. 1-9
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This article considers the semiglobal cooperative suboptimal output regulation problem of heterogeneous multi-agent systems with unknown agent dynamics in the presence of input saturation. To solve the problem, we develop distributed suboptimal control strategies from two perspectives, namely, model-based and data-driven. For the model-based case, we design a suboptimal control strategy by using the low-gain technique and output regulation theory. Moreover, when the agents’ dynamics are unknown, we design a data-driven algorithm to solve the problem. We show that proposed control strategies ensure each agent’s output gradually follows the reference signal and achieves interference suppression while guaranteeing closed-loop stability. The theoretical results are illustrated by a numerical simulation example. 
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1859.
  • Wang, C. Y., et al. (författare)
  • The influence of increasing temperatures on highland barley yields and on the maximum cultivation altitude on the Tibetan Plateau
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Advances in Climate Change Research. - 1674-9278. ; 14:4, s. 573-579
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Highland barley (Hordeum vulgare Linn. cv. nudum Hook. f.) is the principal cereal crop over the Tibetan Plateau (TP). The response of highland barely to climate change in the past decades, especially in terms of yields still remains uncertain. In this study, its responses to climate change were investigated using daily weather data and agriculture data during 1961-2018. The results showed that the annual mean air temperature over the TP increased at 0.33 degree celsius per decade during 1961-2018, and the rate of warming increased with altitude, reaching 0.41 degree celsius per decade at altitudes of 4500-4700 m. The growing degree days (GDDs) increased by 9.6% during 2011-2018 compared with the 1960s, whereas low temperature degree days (LDDs) decreased by 40.3% over the same period, indicating that the thermal conditions for highland barley cultivation have improved. A strong relationship was observed between the yield of highland barley and LDDs (-0.76, p < 0.001) than GDDs (0.58, p < 0.001) in Xizang, where sufficient irrigation water is available from the melting of snow cover or glaciers. In Sichuan, with abundant precipitation, significant correlations were noticed between county-level barley yield and GDDs and LDDs (0.60, p < 0.001; -0.65, p < 0.001). In Qinghai, the dry regions, county-level yields were influenced significantly by temperature and precipitation. These results indicated that climate warming was beneficial to highland barley yield in most region of the TP, mainly due to decreased LDDs. The potential altitude at which highland barley cultivation is feasible increased by approximately 280-484 m during 2016-2018, compared with 1981-1983. In Xizang, highland barley could be cultivated up to an altitude of 4507 m a.s.l. between 2016 and 2018, and it increased to 4179 m a.s.l. in Qinghai. These results could help local government to take actions to adapt to global warming and improve food security.
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1860.
  • Wang, G., et al. (författare)
  • Enhanced High Thermal Conductivity Cellulose Filaments via Hydrodynamic Focusing
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Nano Letters. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1530-6984 .- 1530-6992. ; 22:21, s. 8406-8412
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Nanocellulose is regarded as a green and renewable nanomaterial that has attracted increased attention. In this study, we demonstrate that nanocellulose materials can exhibit high thermal conductivity when their nanofibrils are highly aligned and bonded in the form of filaments. The thermal conductivity of individual filaments, consisting of highly aligned cellulose nanofibrils, fabricated by the flow-focusing method is measured in dried condition using a T-type measurement technique. The maximum thermal conductivity of the nanocellulose filaments obtained is 14.5 W/m-K, which is approximately five times higher than those of cellulose nanopaper and cellulose nanocrystals. Structural investigations suggest that the crystallinity of the filament remarkably influence their thermal conductivity. Smaller diameter filaments with higher crystallinity, that is, more internanofibril hydrogen bonds and less intrananofibril disorder, tend to have higher thermal conductivity. Temperature-dependence measurements also reveal that the filaments exhibit phonon transport at effective dimension between 2D and 3D. 
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