| 81. |
- Chakravarty, D., et al.
(författare)
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Zirconia-Nanoparticle-Reinforced Morphology-Engineered Graphene-Based Foams
- 2015
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Ingår i: Advanced Materials. - : Wiley. - 0935-9648. ; 27:31, s. 4534-4543
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The morphology of graphene-based foams can be engineered by reinforcing them with nanocrystalline zirconia, thus improving their oil-adsorption capacity; This can be observed experimentally and explained theoretically. Low zirconia fractions yield flaky microstructures where zirconia nanoparticles arrest propagating cracks. Higher zirconia concentrations possess a mesh-like interconnected structure where the degree of coiling is dependant on the local zirconia content. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
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| 82. |
- Cook, A, et al.
(författare)
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Neonatal invasive candidiasis in low- and middle-income countries: Data from the NeoOBS study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Medical mycology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2709 .- 1369-3786. ; 61:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neonatal invasive candidiasis (NIC) has significant morbidity and mortality. Reports have shown a different profile of those neonates affected with NIC and of fluconazole-resistant Candida spp. isolates in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared to high-income countries (HICs). We describe the epidemiology, Candida spp. distribution, treatment, and outcomes of neonates with NIC from LMICs enrolled in a global, prospective, longitudinal, observational cohort study (NeoOBS) of hospitalized infants <60 days postnatal age with sepsis (August 2018–February 2021). A total of 127 neonates from 14 hospitals in 8 countries with Candida spp. isolated from blood culture were included. Median gestational age of affected neonates was 30 weeks (IQR: 28–34), and median birth weight was 1270 gr (interquartile range [IQR]: 990–1692). Only a minority had high-risk criteria, such as being born <28 weeks, 19% (24/127), or birth weight <1000 gr, 27% (34/127). The most common Candida species were C. albicans (n = 45, 35%), C. parapsilosis (n = 38, 30%), and Candida auris (n = 18, 14%). The majority of C. albicans isolates were fluconazole susceptible, whereas 59% of C. parapsilosis isolates were fluconazole-resistant. Amphotericin B was the most common antifungal used [74% (78/105)], followed by fluconazole [22% (23/105)]. Death by day 28 post-enrollment was 22% (28/127). To our knowledge, this is the largest multi-country cohort of NIC in LMICs. Most of the neonates would not have been considered at high risk for NIC in HICs. A substantial proportion of isolates was resistant to first choice fluconazole. Understanding the burden of NIC in LMIC is essential to guide future research and treatment guidelines.
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| 83. |
- De La Fuente, Eduardo, et al.
(författare)
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Evidence for a gamma-ray molecular target in the enigmatic PeVatron candidate LHAASO J2108+5157
- 2023
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 675
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context . Peta-eV (PeV) astronomy emerged in 2021 with the discovery of ultra-high-energy gamma-ray sources associated with powerful natural particle accelerators known as PeVatrons. In order to determine the nature of their emission, namely whether it has a hadronic or leptonic origin, it is essential to characterise the physical parameters of the environment where it originates. Aims . We unambiguously confirm the association of molecular gas with the PeVatron candidate LHAASO J2108+5157 using unprecedented high angular-resolution (17′) 12,13CO(J = 1 → 0) observations carried out with the Nobeyama 45m radio telescope. Methods . We characterised a molecular cloud in the vicinity of the PeVatron candidate LHAASO J2108+5157 by determining its physical parameters from our 12,13CO(J = 1 → 0) line observations. We used an updated estimation of the distance to the cloud, which provided a more reliable result. The molecular emission was compared with excess gamma-ray images obtained with Fermi-LAT at energies above 2 GeV to search for spatial correlations and test a possible hadronic (π0 decay) origin for the gamma-ray emission. Results . We find that the morphology of the spatial distribution of the CO emission is strikingly similar to that of the Fermi-LAT excess gamma ray. By combining our observations with archival 21 cm HI line data, the nucleons (HI + H2) number density of the target molecular cloud is found to be 133.0 ± 45.0 cm-3, for the measured angular size of 0.55 ± 0.02 at a distance of 1.6 ± 0.1 kpc. The resulting total mass of the cloud is M(HI + H2) = 7.5±2.9×103M⊙. Under a hadronic scenario, we obtain a total energy of protons of Wp = 4.3 ± 1.5 × 1046 erg with a cutoff of 700±300 TeV, which reproduces the sub-PeV gamma-ray emission. Conclusions . We identified a molecular cloud in the vicinity of LHAASO J2107+5157 as the main target where cosmic rays from an unknown PeVatron produce the observed gamma-ray emission via π0 decay.
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| 84. |
- DeFrancisco, Justin R., et al.
(författare)
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Torsional Bias as a Strategy To Tune Single-triplet Gaps in Organic Diradicals
- 2018
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Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 122:23, s. 12148-12157
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Quinoidal compounds with proaromatic structures possess differing degrees of diradical character, where the open-shell diradical resonance form has restored aromaticity throughout the compound. Methods to tune the diradical character of these compounds have traditionally focused on altering the length and the molecular composition of the pi-conjugated backbones. However, other molecular design strategies to tune the singlet-triplet gap of pi-conjugated quinoidal molecules have not been extensively explored. We previously reported a strikingly small energy gap between the quinoidal and diradical states of a quinoidal small molecule containing methano[10]annulene (TMTQ) that was dictated in large part by the unusual aromaticity of the central annulene ring. Here, we report on two alkylated derivatives of TMTQthat present substantially different torsional biases to the planarity of the TMTQ pi-system. Using a combination of electronic and vibrational spectroscopies, magnetic measurements, and quantum chemical calculations, we demonstrate here how a steric effect rather than pi-electron compositional molecular engineering can dramatically narrow the singlet-triplet gap of a quinoidal compound to as small as -0.52 kcal/mol, determined experimentally. This study offers important insight for the continued development of open-shell diradical molecules that need not rely exclusively on the design of synthesis of new and complex conjugated systems.
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| 85. |
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| 86. |
- Gangopadhyay, Shubhashis, et al.
(författare)
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Cash or In-kind Transfers? Evidence from a Randomised Controlled Trial in Delhi, India
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Development Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0022-0388 .- 1743-9140. ; 51:6, s. 660-673
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article examines a randomised intervention in Delhi, India, that provided unconditional cash transfers to a group of households as a replacement for the food security offered by a below-poverty-level card. The experimental approach can differentiate beneficial effects due to either unconditional cash transfers or newly opened bank accounts. The unconditional cash transfer does not induce a decline in food security; rather, it provides opportunities for households to shift to other nutritious options in non-cereal product categories.
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| 87. |
- Ghosh, Swagatha, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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Modulation of biliverdin dynamics and spectral properties by Sandercyanin
- 2022
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Ingår i: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2046-2069. ; 12:31, s. 20296-20304
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biliverdin IX-alpha (BV), a tetrapyrrole, is found ubiquitously in most living organisms. It functions as a metabolite, pigment, and signaling compound. While BV is known to bind to diverse protein families such as heme-metabolizing enzymes and phytochromes, not many BV-bound lipocalins (ubiquitous, small lipid-binding proteins) have been studied. The molecular basis of binding and conformational selectivity of BV in lipocalins remains unexplained. Sandercyanin (SFP)-BV complex is a blue lipocalin protein present in the mucus of the Canadian walleye (Stizostedion vitreum). In this study, we present the structures and binding modes of BV to SFP. Using a combination of designed site-directed mutations, X-ray crystallography, UV/VIS, and resonance Raman spectroscopy, we have identified multiple conformations of BV that are stabilized in the binding pocket of SFP. In complex with the protein, these conformers generate varied spectroscopic signatures both in their absorption and fluorescence spectra. We show that despite no covalent anchor, structural heterogeneity of the chromophore is primarily driven by the D-ring pyrrole of BV. Our work shows how conformational promiscuity of BV is correlated to the rearrangement of amino acids in the protein matrix leading to modulation of spectral properties.
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| 88. |
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| 89. |
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| 90. |
- Kazakos, K., et al.
(författare)
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A real-time IVR platform for community radio
- 2016
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Ingår i: Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings. - New York, NY, USA : ACM.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Interactive Voice Response (IVR) platforms have been widely deployed in resource-limited settings. These systems tend to afford asynchronous push interactions, and within the context of health, provide medication reminders, descriptions of symptoms and tips on self-management. Here, we present the development of an IVR system for resource-limited settings that enables real-time, synchronous interaction. Inspired by community radio, and calls for health systems that are truly local, we developed ’Sehat ki Vaani’. Sehat ki Vaani is a real-time IVR platform that enables hosting and participation in radio chat shows on community-led topics. We deployed Sehat ki Vaani with two communities in North India on topics related to the management of Type 2 diabetes and maternal health. Our deployments highlight the potential for synchronous IVR systems to offer community connection and localised sharing of experience, while also highlighting the complexity of producing, hosting and participating in radio shows in real time through IVR. We discuss the relative strengths and weaknesses of synchronous IVR systems, and highlight lessons learnt for interaction design in this area.
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