| 111. |
- Norbäck, Dan, et al.
(författare)
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Prenatal and perinatal home environment and reported onset of wheeze, rhinitis and eczema symptoms in preschool children in Northern China
- 2021
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 774
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Early life environment can affect asthma and allergies but few cohort studies on this issue are available from China. Our aim was to investigate reported onset of childhood wheeze, rhinitis and eczema symptoms in relation to prenatal, perinatal and postnatal home environment. Data on home environment and symptoms (ISAAC based questions) in first two years of life and in the past 12 months were reported by parents of the children (3-6 y) in a cross-sectional questionnaire survey in ten day care centers in Taiyuan, northern China (N = 3606). Changes of symptoms from the first 2 years of life to the past 12 months (recall period) were calculated retrospectively. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was applied. Reported onset of wheeze, rhinitis and eczema were 11.8%, 22.2% and 3.3%, respectively. Redecorating during pregnancy increased reported onset of rhinitis (OR = 2.29) and eczema (OR = 4.91). New furniture during pregnancy increased reported onset of rhinitis (OR = 1.47). Perinatal indoor mould increased reported onset of wheeze (OR = 1.51), rhinitis (OR = 1.65) and eczema (OR = 1.91). Perinatal mould odour increased reported onset of wheeze (OR = 1.85). Perinatal window pane condensation increased reported onset of wheeze (OR = 1.54) and rhinitis (OR = 1.24). Perinatal stuffy air and dry air in the home increased reported onset of all three symptoms (ORs 1.46-2.24). Dog keeping increased reported onset of wheeze (OR = 1.69) and eczema (OR = 2.13). Based on principal component analysis, four exposure scores were calculated (renovation, new furniture, mould and indoor air quality scores). Dose-response relationships were observed between these exposure scores and reported onset of symptoms. In conclusion, prenatal and postnatal exposure to emissions from renovation and new furniture can increase reported onset of childhood wheeze, rhinitis and eczema. Perinatal indoor mould, mould odour, condensation on window panes and impaired indoor air quality at home can be associated with reported development of wheeze, rhinitis and eczema in preschoolers in northern China. (c) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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| 112. |
- Pei, Cuiying, et al.
(författare)
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Quasi 3D polymerization in C60 bilayers in a fullerene solvate
- 2017
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Ingår i: Carbon. - : Elsevier. - 0008-6223 .- 1873-3891. ; 124, s. 499-505
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The polymerization of fullerenes has been an interesting topic for almost three decades. A rich polymeric phase diagram of C60 has been drawn under a variety of pressure-temperature conditions. However, only linear or perpendicular linkages of C60 are found in the ordered phases. Here we used a unique bilayer structural solvate, C60∙1,1,2-trichloroethane (C60∙1TCAN), to generate a novel quasi-3D C60 polymer under high pressure and/or high temperature. Using Raman, IR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, we observe that the solvent molecules play a crucial role in confining the [2+2] cycloaddition bonds of C60s forming in the upper and lower layers alternately. The relatively long distance between the two bilayers restricts the covalent linkage extended in a single individual bilayer. Our studies not only enrich the phase diagram of polymeric C60, but also facilitate targeted design and synthesis of unique C60 polymers.
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| 113. |
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| 114. |
- Qin, Linqing, et al.
(författare)
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Triplet Acceptors with a D-A Structure and Twisted Conformation for Efficient Organic Solar Cells
- 2020
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Ingår i: Angewandte Chemie International Edition. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 1433-7851 .- 1521-3773. ; 59:35, s. 15043-15049
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Triplet acceptors have been developed to construct high-performance organic solar cells (OSCs) as the long lifetime and diffusion range of triplet excitons may dissociate into free charges instead of net recombination when the energy levels of the lowest triplet state (T-1) are close to those of charge-transfer states ((CT)-C-3). The current triplet acceptors were designed by introducing heavy atoms to enhance the intersystem crossing, limiting their applications. Herein, two twisted acceptors without heavy atoms, analogues of Y6, constructed with large pi-conjugated core and D-A structure, were confirmed to be triplet materials, leading to high-performance OSCs. The mechanism of triplet excitons were investigated to show that the twisted and D-A structures result in large spin-orbit coupling (SOC) and small energy gap between the singlet and triplet states, and thus efficient intersystem crossing. Moreover, the energy level of T-1 is close to (CT)-C-3, facilitating the split of triplet exciton to free charges.
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| 115. |
- Ren, Long Jun, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of conventional physiotherapy on pain and muscle stiffness in patients with low back pain assessed by a wireless hand-held tissue ultrasound palpation system (TUPS)
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Physical Medicine Rehabilitation. - : Omics Publishing Group. - 2329-9096. ; 7:2, s. 1-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Low back pain (LPB) is a common health problem. While physiotherapy can relieve pain and the muscle stiffness of patients with LBP was shown to be different from healthy people, few studies have investigated the effect of physiotherapy on back muscle stiffness in patients with LBP.Objective: To investigate the effect of a 5-day conventional physiotherapy treatment on muscle stiffness of patients with LBP using a newly developed wireless hand-held ultrasound probe.Methods: A total of ten patients with LBP participated in this study. They received customized conventional physiotherapy containing electrical therapy, traditional Chinese medicine, manipulation and wax therapy. The pain level was evaluated by the visual analogue scale, and the muscle stiffness was measured by a wireless hand-held tissue ultrasound palpation system. The muscle stiffness of left and right sides at L1 and L4 levels and pain level were evaluated in two conditions, including baseline and 5-day post treatments.Results and discussion: After receiving the treatment, the muscle stiffness of all tested low back regions increased significantly (p=0.040). The muscle stiffness at L4 level was significantly higher than that of L1 level (p=0.021). No significant difference of muscle stiffness between left and right sides was found. The correlation between the muscle stiffness and VAS score appeared to decrease after receiving the treatment (R2 changed from 0.3598 to 0.0533).Conclusion: A five-day conventional physiotherapy treatment could relieve the pain level and increase the muscle stiffness of patients with LBP as evaluated by a wireless hand-held ultrasound probe. The stiffness of back muscle at L4 level was significantly higher than that of L1 level in patients with LBP. The treatment may change the correlation between the muscle stiffness and VAS score at low back region.
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| 116. |
- Ren, Mengying, et al.
(författare)
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Concentration-Response Relationship between PM2.5 and Daily Respiratory Deaths in China : A Systematic Review and Metaregression Analysis of Time-Series Studies
- 2017
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Ingår i: BioMed Research International. - : Hindawi Publishing Corporation. - 2314-6133 .- 2314-6141.
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The association between the particulate matters with aerodynamic diameter <= 2.5.mu m (PM2.5) and daily respiratory deaths, particularly the concentration-response pattern, has not been fully examined and established in China. We conducted a systematic review of time-series studies to compile information on the associations between PM2.5 concentration and respiratory deaths and used metaregression to assess the concentration-response relationship. Out of 1,957 studies screened, eleven articles in English and two articles in Chinese met the eligibility criteria. For single-day lags, per 10 mu g/m(3) increase in PM2.5 concentration was associated with 0.30 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.10, 0.50] percent increase in daily respiratory deaths; for multiday lags, the corresponding increase in respiratory deaths was 0.69 (95% CI: 0.55, 0.83) percent. Difference in the effects was observed between the northern cities and the south cities in China. No statistically significant concentration-response relationship between PM2.5 concentrations and their effects was found. With increasingly wider location coverage for PM2.5 data, it is crucial to further investigate the concentration-response pattern of PM2.5 effects on respiratory and other cause-specific mortality for the refinement and adaptation of global and national air quality guidelines and targets.
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| 117. |
- Resta, Andrea, et al.
(författare)
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Step enhanced dehydrogenation of ethanol on Rh
- 2008
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Ingår i: Surface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0039-6028. ; 602:18, s. 3057-3063
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have investigated the adsorption and decomposition of ethanol on the Rh(111) and Rh(5 5 3) surfaces at room temperature with special emphasis on the dehydrogenation. We use high resolution Core level photoemission and density functional theory (DFT) based simulations. A detailed analysis of the C1s core level spectra, including analysis of the vibrational fine-structure and comparison to calculated C1s binding energy shifts, shows that the ethanol decomposes into CO, ethylidyne (C2H3) methylidyne (CH), atomic C, and hydrogen. At low ethanol exposures, CH is the dominating hydrocarbon fragment on Rh(111), whereas on Rh(553) atomic C dominates over CH, indicating an enhanced dehydrogenation due to the steps present on the latter surface. At higher ethanol exposures we find a similar behavior of atomic C dominating over hydrocarbons on Rh(553), while on Rh(111) atomic carbon remains a minority species. Our DFT based simulations show that the enhanced dehydrogenation results from a significant lowering of the CH dissociation barrier from Rh(111) to Rh(553), as well as from the dissociation changing from endothermic on Rh(111) to exothermic on Rh(553). (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 118. |
- Shi, Haonan, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence, risk factors, impact and management of pneumonia among preschool children in Chinese seven cities : a cross-sectional study with interrupted time series analysis
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMC Medicine. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1741-7015. ; 21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Pneumonia is a common disease worldwide in preschool children. Despite its large population size, China has had no comprehensive study of the national prevalence, risk factors, and management of pneumonia among preschool children. We therefore investigated the prevalence of pneumonia among preschool children in Chinese seven representative cities, and explore the possible risk factors of pneumonia on children, with a view to calling the world's attention to childhood pneumonia to reduce the prevalence of childhood pneumonia.Methods: Two group samples of 63,663 and 52,812 preschool children were recruited from 2011 and 2019 surveys, respectively. Which were derived from the cross-sectional China, Children, Homes, Health (CCHH) study using a multi-stage stratified sampling method. This survey was conducted in kindergartens in seven representative cities. Exclusion criteria were younger than 2 years old or older than 8 years old, non-permanent population, basic information such as gender, date of birth and breast feeding is incomplete. Pneumonia was determined on the basis of parents reported history of clearly diagnosed by the physician. All participants were assessed with a standard questionnaire. Risk factors for pneumonia, and association between pneumonia and other respiratory diseases were examined by multivariable-adjusted analyses done in all participants for whom data on the variables of interest were available. Disease management was evaluated by the parents' reported history of physician diagnosis, longitudinal comparison of risk factors in 2011 and 2019.Results: In 2011 and 2019, 31,277 (16,152 boys and 15,125 girls) and 32,016 (16,621 boys and 15,395 girls) preschool children aged at 2-8 of permanent population completed the questionnaire, respectively, and were thus included in the final analysis. The findings showed that the age-adjusted prevalence of pneumonia in children was 32.7% in 2011 and 26.4% in 2019. In 2011, girls (odds ratio [OR] 0.91, 95%CI [confidence interval]0.87-0.96; p = 0.0002), rural (0.85, 0.73-0.99; p = 0.0387), duration of breastfeeding & GE; 6 months(0.83, 0.79-0.88; p < 0.0001), birth weight (g) & GE; 4000 (0.88, 0.80-0.97; p = 0.0125), frequency of putting bedding to sunshine (Often) (0.82, 0.71-0.94; p = 0.0049), cooking fuel type (electricity) (0.87, 0.80-0.94; p = 0.0005), indoor use air-conditioning (0.85, 0.80-0.90; p < 0.0001) were associated with a reduced risk of childhood pneumonia. Age (4-6) (1.11, 1.03-1.20; p = 0.0052), parental smoking (one) (1.12, 1.07-1.18; p < 0.0001), used antibiotics (2.71, 2.52-2.90; p < 0.0001), history of parental allergy (one and two) (1.21, 1.12-1.32; p < 0.0001 and 1.33, 1.04-1.69; p = 0.0203), indoor dampness (1.24, 1.15-1.33; p < 0.0001), home interior decoration (1.11, 1.04-1.19; p = 0.0013), Wall painting materials (Paint) (1.16, 1.04-1.29; p = 0.0084), flooring materials (Laminate / Composite wood) (1.08, 1.02-1.16; p = 0.0126), indoor heating mode(Central heating)(1.18, 1.07-1.30, p = 0.0090), asthma (2.38, 2.17-2.61; p < 0.0001), allergic rhinitis (1.36, 1.25-1.47; p < 0.0001), wheezing (1.64, 1.55-1.74; p < 0.0001) were associated with an elevated risk of childhood pneumonia; pneumonia was associated with an elevated risk of childhood asthma (2.53, 2.31-2.78; p < 0.0001), allergic rhinitis (1.41, 1.29-1.53; p < 0.0001) and wheezing (1.64, 1.55-1.74; p < 0.0001). In 2019, girls (0.92, 0. 87-0.97; p = 0.0019), duration of breastfeeding & GE; 6 months (0.92, 0.87-0.97; p = 0.0031), used antibiotics (0.22, 0.21-0.24; p < 0.0001), cooking fuel type (Other) (0.40, 0.23-0.63; p = 0.0003), indoor use air-conditioning (0.89, 0.83-0.95; p = 0.0009) were associated with a reduced risk of childhood pneumonia. Urbanisation (Suburb) (1.10, 1.02-1.18; p = 0.0093), premature birth (1.29, 1.08-1.55; p = 0.0051), birth weight (g) < 2500 (1.17, 1.02-1.35; p = 0.0284), parental smoking (1.30, 1.23-1.38; p < 0.0001), history of parental asthma (One) (1.23, 1.03-1.46; p = 0.0202), history of parental allergy (one and two) (1.20, 1.13-1.27; p < 0.0001 and 1.22, 1.08-1.37; p = 0.0014), cooking fuel type (Coal) (1.58, 1.02-2.52; p = 0.0356), indoor dampness (1.16, 1.08-1.24; p < 0.0001), asthma (1.88, 1.64-2.15; p < 0.0001), allergic rhinitis (1.57, 1.45-1.69; p < 0.0001), wheezing (2.43, 2.20-2.68; p < 0.0001) were associated with an elevated risk of childhood pneumonia; pneumonia was associated with an elevated risk of childhood asthma (1.96, 1.72-2.25; p < 0.0001), allergic rhinitis (1.60, 1.48-1.73; p < 0.0001) and wheezing (2.49, 2.25-2.75; p < 0.0001).Conclusions: Pneumonia is prevalent among preschool children in China, and it affects other childhood respiratory diseases. Although the prevalence of pneumonia in Chinese children shows a decreasing trend in 2019 compared to 2011, a well-established management system is still needed to further reduce the prevalence of pneumonia and reduce the burden of disease in children.
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| 119. |
- Sun, Yu, et al.
(författare)
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Indoor microbiome, air pollutants and asthma, rhinitis and eczema in preschool children - A repeated cross-sectional study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Environment International. - : Elsevier. - 0160-4120 .- 1873-6750. ; 161
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Indoor microbiome exposure is associated with asthma, rhinitis and eczema. However, no studies report the interactions between environmental characteristics, indoor microbiome and health effects in a repeated cross-sectional framework. Methods: 1,279 and 1,121 preschool children in an industrial city (Taiyuan) of China were assessed for asthma, rhinitis and eczema symptoms in 2012 and 2019 by self-administered questionnaires, respectively. Bacteria and fungi in classroom vacuum dust were characterized by culture-independent amplicon sequencing. Multi-level logistic/linear regression was performed in two cross-sectional and two combined models to assess the associations. Results: The number of observed species in bacterial and fungal communities in classrooms increased significantly from 2012 to 2019, and the compositions of the microbial communities were drastically changed (p < 0.001). The temporal microbiome variation was significantly larger than the spatial variation within the city (p < 0.001). Annual average outdoor SO2 concentration decreased by 60.7%, whereas NO2 and PM10 concentra-tions increased by 63.3% and 40.0% from 2012 to 2019, which were both associated with indoor microbiome variation (PERMANOVA p < 0.001). The prevalence of asthma (2.0% to 3.3%, p = 0.06) and rhinitis (28.0% to 25.3%, p = 0.13) were not significantly changed, but the prevalence of eczema was increased (3.6% to 7.0%; p < 0.001). Aspergillus subversicolor, Collinsella and Cutibacterium were positively associated with asthma, rhinitis and eczema, respectively (p < 0.01). Prevotella, Lactobacillus iners and Dolosigranulum were protectively (negatively) associated with rhinitis (p < 0.01), consistent with previous studies in the human respiratory tract. NO2 and PM10 concentrations were negatively associated with rhinitis in a bivariate model, but a multivariate mediation analysis revealed that Prevotella fully mediated the health effects. Conclusions: This is the first study to report the interactions between environmental characteristics, indoor microbiome and health in a repeated cross-sectional framework. The mediating effects of indoor microorganisms suggest incorporating biological with chemical exposure for a comprehensive exposure assessment.
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| 120. |
- Ti, Huihui, et al.
(författare)
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Targeted Treatments for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Using Low-Molecular-Weight Drugs (LMWDs)
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0022-2623 .- 1520-4804. ; 62:13, s. 5944-5978
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a very common and frequently fatal airway disease. Current therapies for COPD depend mainly on long-acting bronchodilators, which cannot target the pathogenic mechanisms of chronic inflammation in COPD. New pharmaceutical therapies for the inflammatory processes of COPD are urgently needed. Several anti-inflammatory targets have been identified based on increased understanding of the pathogenesis of COPD, which raises new hopes for targeted treatment of this fatal respiratory disease. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in bioactive low-molecular-weight drugs (LMWDs) for the treatment of COPD and, in addition to the first-line drug bronchodilators, focus particularly on low-molecular-weight anti-inflammatory agents, including modulators of inflammatory mediators, inflammasome inhibitors, protease inhibitors, antioxidants, PDE4 inhibitors, kinase inhibitors, and other agents. We also provide new insights into targeted COPD treatments using LMWDs, particularly small-molecule agents.
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