| 41. |
- Rannikmaee, Kristiina, et al.
(författare)
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Common variation in COL4A1/COL4A2 is associated with sporadic cerebral small vessel disease
- 2015
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Ingår i: Neurology. - 1526-632X. ; 84:9, s. 918-926
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives:We hypothesized that common variants in the collagen genes COL4A1/COL4A2 are associated with sporadic forms of cerebral small vessel disease.Methods:We conducted meta-analyses of existing genotype data among individuals of European ancestry to determine associations of 1,070 common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the COL4A1/COL4A2 genomic region with the following: intracerebral hemorrhage and its subtypes (deep, lobar) (1,545 cases, 1,485 controls); ischemic stroke and its subtypes (cardioembolic, large vessel disease, lacunar) (12,389 cases, 62,004 controls); and white matter hyperintensities (2,733 individuals with ischemic stroke and 9,361 from population-based cohorts with brain MRI data). We calculated a statistical significance threshold that accounted for multiple testing and linkage disequilibrium between SNPs (p < 0.000084).Results:Three intronic SNPs in COL4A2 were significantly associated with deep intracerebral hemorrhage (lead SNP odds ratio [OR] 1.29, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.14-1.46, p = 0.00003; r(2) > 0.9 between SNPs). Although SNPs associated with deep intracerebral hemorrhage did not reach our significance threshold for association with lacunar ischemic stroke (lead SNP OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.03-1.18, p = 0.0073), and with white matter hyperintensity volume in symptomatic ischemic stroke patients (lead SNP OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.01-1.13, p = 0.016), the direction of association was the same. There was no convincing evidence of association with white matter hyperintensities in population-based studies or with non-small vessel disease cerebrovascular phenotypes.Conclusions:Our results indicate an association between common variation in the COL4A2 gene and symptomatic small vessel disease, particularly deep intracerebral hemorrhage. These findings merit replication studies, including in ethnic groups of non-European ancestry.
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| 42. |
- Sheng, Rongrong, et al.
(författare)
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Does hot weather affect work-related injury? A case-crossover study in Guangzhou, China
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health. - : Elsevier BV. - 1438-4639. ; 221:3, s. 423-428
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Despite increasing concerns about the health effects of climate change, the extent to which workers are affected by hot weather is not well documented. This study aims to investigate the association between high temperatures and work-related injuries using data from a large subtropical city in China. Methods: We used workers’ compensation claims to identify work-related injuries in Guangzhou, China during 2011–2012. To feature the heat effect, the study period was restricted to the warm seasons in Guangzhou (1 May-31 October). We conducted a time-stratified case-crossover study to examine the association between ambient outdoor temperatures, including daily maximum and minimum temperatures, and cases of work-related injury. The relationships were assessed using conditional Poisson regression models. Results: Overall, a total of 5418 workers’ compensation claims were included over the study period. Both maximum and minimum temperatures were significantly associated with work-related injuries, but associations varied by subgroup. One °C increase in maximum temperature was associated with a 1.4% (RR = 1.014, 95%CIs 1.012–1.017) increase in daily injury claims. Significant associations were seen for male and middle-aged workers, workers in small and medium-sized enterprises, and those working in manufacturing sector. And 1 °C increase in minimum temperature was associated with 1.7% (RR = 1.017, 95%CIs 1.012–1.021) increase in daily injury claims. Significant associations were observed for female and middle-aged workers, workers in large-sized enterprises, and those working in transport and construction sectors. Conclusions: We found a higher risk of work-related injuries due to hot weather in Guangzhou, China. This study provides important epidemiological evidence for policy-makers and industry that may assist in the formulation of occupational safety and climate adaptation strategies.
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| 43. |
- Shi, Xiaoxu, et al.
(författare)
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Calendar effects on surface air temperature and precipitation based on model-ensemble equilibrium and transient simulations from PMIP4 and PACMEDY
- 2022
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Ingår i: Climate of the Past. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1814-9324 .- 1814-9332. ; 18:5, s. 1047-1070
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Numerical modeling enables a comprehensive understanding not only of the Earth's system today, but also of the past. To date, a significant amount of time and effort has been devoted to paleoclimate modeling and analysis, which involves the latest and most advanced Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project phase 4 (PMIP4). The definition of seasonality, which is influenced by slow variations in the Earth's orbital parameters, plays a key role in determining the calculated seasonal cycle of the climate. In contrast to the classical calendar used today, where the lengths of the months and seasons are fixed, the angular calendar calculates the lengths of the months and seasons according to a fixed number of degrees along the Earth's orbit. When comparing simulation results for different time intervals, it is essential to account for the angular calendar to ensure that the data for comparison are from the same position along the Earth's orbit. Most models use the classical calendar, which can lead to strong distortions of the monthly and seasonal values, especially for the climate of the past. Here, by analyzing daily outputs from multiple PMIP4 model simulations, we examine calendar effects on surface air temperature and precipitation under mid-Holocene, Last Interglacial, and pre-industrial climate conditions. We came to the following conclusions. (a) The largest cooling bias occurs in boreal autumn when the classical calendar is applied for the mid-Holocene and Last Interglacial, due to the fact that the vernal equinox is fixed on 21 March. (b) The sign of the temperature anomalies between the Last Interglacial and pre-industrial in boreal autumn can be reversed after the switch from the classical to angular calendar, particularly over the Northern Hemisphere continents. (c) Precipitation over West Africa is overestimated in boreal summer and underestimated in boreal autumn when the classical seasonal cycle is applied. (d) Finally, month-length adjusted values for surface air temperature and precipitation are very similar to the day-length adjusted values, and therefore correcting the calendar based on the monthly model results can largely reduce the artificial bias. In addition, we examine the calendar effects in three transient simulations for 6-0 ka by AWIESM, MPI-ESM, and IPSL-CM. We find significant discrepancies between adjusted and unadjusted temperature values over continents for both hemispheres in boreal autumn, while for other seasons the deviations are relatively small. A drying bias can be found in the summer monsoon precipitation in Africa (in the classical calendar), whereby the magnitude of bias becomes smaller over time. Overall, our study underlines the importance of the application of calendar transformation in the analysis of climate simulations. Neglecting the calendar effects could lead to a profound artificial distortion of the calculated seasonal cycle of surface air temperature and precipitation.
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| 44. |
- Song, Liwen, et al.
(författare)
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Synthesis and Photochromism of Naphthopyrans Bearing Naphthalimide Chromophore : Predominant Thermal Reversibility in Color-Fading and Fluorescence Switch
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry B. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-6106 .- 1520-5207. ; 115:49, s. 14648-14658
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two novel photochromic naphthopyrans containing naphthalimide moieties (Nip1 and Nip2) were studied in solution under flash photolysis conditions, exhibiting highly photochromic response, rapid thermal bleaching rate and good fatigue-resistance. Owing to the different N-substituted imide groups at the naphthalimide units, the thermal bleaching rate of Nip2 bearing phenyl on the naphthalimide unit is found to be approximately 2 times that of Nip1 bearing n-butyl, indicating that the photochromic properties can be modulated with introduction of different functional groups on the naphthalimide unit. In Nip1 and Nip2, the strong electron-withdrawing effect of the imide group incorporated at the naphthalimide moiety maintains several merits: (i) shifting absorption bands to longer wavelength, (ii) beneficial to an enhancement in the ratio of transoid-cis (TC) isomer and an increase in the transformation rate from transoid-trans (TT) to TC with respect to reference compound NP, and (iii) resulting in a preferable color bleaching rate and fading absolutely to their colorless state with thermal reversibility. As demonstrated in the system of NP, the slow transformation process from TT to TC might be the predominant dynamic step in thermal back process, leading to the residual color of NP being only faded to its original colorless state by visible light irradiation. The optical densities of colored forms for Nip1 and Nip2 are dependent upon the intensity of incident light, ensuring a possible application in the manufacture of ophthalmic lenses and smart windows. Moreover, the fluorescence of Nip1 and Nip2 can be switched on and off by photoinduced conversion between the closed and open forms.
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| 45. |
- Wang, Hui, et al.
(författare)
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Endoplasmic reticulum-targeted fluorogenic probe based on pyrimidine derivative for visualizing exogenous/endogenous H2S in living cells
- 2020
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Ingår i: Dyes and pigments. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 0143-7208 .- 1873-3743. ; 179
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Developing new probes for visualizing H2S in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is of great significance in physiological and pathological fields in that the probe can antagonise ER stress. Herein, we try to explore efficient reporting fluorophores based on three pyrimidine derivatives (L1, L2 and L3), and eventually, a novel probe WH2S was fabricated by using emissive pyrimidine derivative (L1) as the reporting fluomphore. Upon the addition of H2S, the probe processed a thiolytic cleavage to regenerate L1, delivering a remarkable fluorescence enhancement. Probe WH2S presents a perfect selectivity, high sensitivity and low detection limit (3.81 mu M) towards H2S in the buffer media. Most importantly, fluorescence microscopy experiments demonstrate that WH2S can precisely accumulate in ER and detect exogenous/endogenous H2S at cellular level. These results imply that probe WH2S possesses great potentiality in tracking target H2S in complicated and changeable living systems.
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| 46. |
- Wuttke, Matthias, et al.
(författare)
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A catalog of genetic loci associated with kidney function from analyses of a million individuals
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 51:6, s. 957-972
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is responsible for a public health burden with multi-systemic complications. Through transancestry meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and independent replication (n = 1,046,070), we identified 264 associated loci (166 new). Of these,147 were likely to be relevant for kidney function on the basis of associations with the alternative kidney function marker blood urea nitrogen (n = 416,178). Pathway and enrichment analyses, including mouse models with renal phenotypes, support the kidney as the main target organ. A genetic risk score for lower eGFR was associated with clinically diagnosed CKD in 452,264 independent individuals. Colocalization analyses of associations with eGFR among 783,978 European-ancestry individuals and gene expression across 46 human tissues, including tubulo-interstitial and glomerular kidney compartments, identified 17 genes differentially expressed in kidney. Fine-mapping highlighted missense driver variants in 11 genes and kidney-specific regulatory variants. These results provide a comprehensive priority list of molecular targets for translational research.
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| 47. |
- Yang, Bin, et al.
(författare)
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Non-linear impact of natural resources, green financing, and energy transition on sustainable environment: A way out for common prosperity in NORDIC countries
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Resources policy. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 0301-4207 .- 1873-7641. ; 83
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a couple of decades, the immense interest of scholars and policymakers is to identify the factors that support environmental sustainability without sacrificing economic well-being. Nordic countries with huge natural resource reserves are known as the top countries of the "European GDP per capita league table." However, with the lofty climate targets, these countries are still responsible for environmental impairments through their incessant contribution to the global energy supply network. Therefore, to defeat this predicament, the study investigates the role of natural resources (NTR), green finance (GFN), green energy (GEC), and economic growth (GDP) in Nordic countries from 1990 to 2018. The study employed the novel quantile-based econometrics approach of "Method of the Moments Quantile Regression" (MMQR), which provides the direction and magni-tude of the asymmetric association of NTR, GFN, GEC, and GDP with the ecological footprint. The results of this test revealed that the NTR and GDP have a significantly positive influence, while GEN and GEC have significantly negative associations with an ecological footprint across all quantiles. This has implied that green finance and green energy work as the solution, whereas natural resources and economic growth are key drivers of envi-ronmental degradation. Further, the "Augmented Mean Group" (AMG) and "Common Correlated Effect Mean Group" (CCEMG) are used as the robustness check, which endorsed the same association of NTR, GFN, GEC, and GDP with the EFP suggested by MMQR. Based on these findings, the study suggests policy implications for controlling the ecological footprint in Nordic countries.
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| 48. |
- Yang, Haijun, et al.
(författare)
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Anatomizing the Ocean´s role in ENSO changes under global warming
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of climate. - 1520-0442. ; 21:24, s. 6539-6555
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A revisit on observations shows that the tropical El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability, after removing both the long-term trend and decadal variation of the background climate, has been enhanced by as much as 50% during the past 50 yr. This is inconsistent with the changes in the equatorial atmosphere, which shows a slowdown of the zonal Walker circulation and tends to stabilize the tropical coupling system. The ocean role is highlighted in this paper. The enhanced ENSO variability is attributed to the strengthened equatorial thermocline that acts as a destabilizing factor of the tropical coupling system. To quantify the dynamic effect of the ocean on the ENSO variability under the global warming, ensemble experiments are performed using a coupled climate model [Fast Ocean Atmosphere Model (FOAM)], following the “1pctto2x” scenario defined in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports. Term balance analyses on the temperature variability equation show that the anomalous upwelling of the mean vertical temperature gradient (referred as the “local term”) in the eastern equatorial Pacific is the most important destabilizing factor to the temperature variabilities. The magnitude of local term and its change are controlled by its two components: the mean vertical temperature gradient Tz and the “virtual vertical heat flux” −w′T′. The former can be viewed as the background of the latter and these two components are positively correlated. A stronger Tz is usually associated with a bigger upward heat flux −w′T′, which implies a bigger impact of thermocline depth variations on SST. The Tz is first enhanced during the transient stage of the global warming with a 1% yr−1 increase of CO2, and then reduced during the equilibrium stage with a fixed doubled CO2. This turnaround in Tz determines the turnaround of ENSO variability in the entire global warming period.
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| 49. |
- Yang, Haijun, et al.
(författare)
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Heat Transport Compensation in Atmosphere and Ocean over the Past 22,000 Years
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Earth's climate has experienced dramatic changes over the past 22,000 years; however, the total meridional heat transport (MHT) of the climate system remains stable. A 22,000-year-long simulation using an ocean-atmosphere coupled model shows that the changes in atmosphere and ocean MHT are significant but tend to be out of phase in most regions, mitigating the total MHT change, which helps to maintain the stability of the Earth's overall climate. A simple conceptual model is used to understand the compensation mechanism. The simple model can reproduce qualitatively the evolution and compensation features of the MHT over the past 22,000 years. We find that the global energy conservation requires the compensation changes in the atmosphere and ocean heat transports. The degree of compensation is mainly determined by the local climate feedback between surface temperature and net radiation flux at the top of the atmosphere. This study suggests that an internal mechanism may exist in the climate system, which might have played a role in constraining the global climate change over the past 22,000 years.
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| 50. |
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