| 41. |
- Lv, Fei, et al.
(författare)
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Ultraviolet-cured polyethylene oxide-based composite electrolyte enabling stable cycling of lithium battery at low temperature
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. - : Elsevier. - 0021-9797 .- 1095-7103. ; 596, s. 257-266
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The room and low-temperature performances of solid-state lithium batteries are crucial to expand their practical application. Polyethylene oxide (PEO) has received great attention as the most representative polymer electrolyte matrix. However, most PEO-based solid-state batteries need to operate at high temperature due to low room temperature ionic conductivity. Improving the ionic conductivity by adding plasticizers or reducing the crystallinity of PEO often compromises its mechanical strength. Here, an amorphous PEO-based composite solid-state electrolyte is obtained by ultraviolet (UV) polymerizing PEO and methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxy silane (KH570)-modified SiO2 which demonstrates both satisfactory mechanical performance and high ionic conductivity at room (3.37 x 10(-4) S cm(-1)) and low temperatures (1.73 x 10(-4) S cm(-1) at 0 degrees C). In this electrolyte, the crystallinity of PEO is reduced through cross-linking, and therefore provides a fast Li+ ions transfer area. Moreover, the KH570-modified SiO2 inorganic particles promote the dissociation of lithium salts by Lewis acid centers to increase the ionic conductivity. Importantly, this kind of cross-linking networks endows the final electrolyte much higher mechanical strength than the pure PEO polymer electrolyte or PEO-inorganic filler blended systems. The solid-state LiFePO4/Li cell assembled with this electrolyte exhibits excellent cycling performance and high capacity at room and low temperatures.
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| 42. |
- Lv, Jiezhao, et al.
(författare)
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Numerical Investigation of the Stimulated Growth of Single-Crystal Fibers by Point-Effect-Induced Fluid Dynamics
- 2022
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Ingår i: Crystal Growth & Design. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 1528-7483 .- 1528-7505. ; 22:12, s. 7031-7039
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using molecular dynamics analysis and a two-component diffusion model that accounts for the time-dependent crystal surface chemical reaction, we show by extensive numerical simulations that the recently observed prismatic facet growth suppression in single-crystal fibers is the combined action of self-shielding by crystal surface selectivity and self-channeling arising from a point effect due to fibers small diameters and large aspect ratios. We further show that the self-channeling leads to a pyramidal-face-aiming solute flow, resulting in accelerated single-crystal fiber growth. This mesoscopic stimulated matter growth acceleration theory can satisfactorily explain all experimental results reported to date. This new crystal fiber growth technology opens a realm of application possibilities for single-crystal fiber architectures in chip-size photonics.
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| 43. |
- Ma, Jiang, et al.
(författare)
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Investigating hollandite-perovskite composite ceramics as a potential waste form for immobilization of radioactive cesium and strontium
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Science. - : Springer Nature. - 0022-2461 .- 1573-4803. ; 56:16, s. 9644-9654
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ceramic matrix containing zirconolite, hollandite, and perovskite phases is proposed as a potential host for HLW immobilization. Hollandite phase principally immobilizes Cs, while perovskite phase mainly immobilizes Sr. In this study, hollandite–perovskite composite ceramics are considered as a specialized waste form for immobilizing the separated Cs and Sr from HLW streams and synthesized by a solid-state reaction method at 1300 °C for 5 h. The phase compositions of the synthesized composites were characterized by XRD and BSE. The XRD results indicated that the as-prepared ceramics are composed of tetragonal hollandite Ba0.8Cs0.4Al2Ti6O16, cubic perovskite SrTiO3, alongside a lesser amount of TiO2. The BSE—EDX results confirm that Cs partitions into the hollandite matrix, while Sr incorporates into perovskite host with homogenous distribution. In addition, aqueous durability testing was carried out using the MCC-1 static leach test method. The normalized release rates of Cs and Sr in HP-3 sample (i.e., 75 wt% Ba0.8Cs0.4Al2Ti6O16 + 25 wt% SrTiO3) were < 10−2 g·m−2·d−1 after 42 days, exhibiting excellent chemical durability. These results indicate that the hollandite–perovskite ceramic matrix could be considered as a customized host matrix for immobilization of the separated Cs and Sr from HLW streams.
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| 44. |
- Mao, W, et al.
(författare)
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Bupi Yishen Formula Versus Losartan for Non-Diabetic Stage 4 Chronic Kidney Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in pharmacology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1663-9812. ; 11, s. 627185-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) might have benefits in patients with non-diabetic chronic kidney disease (CKD), but there is a lack of high-quality evidence, especially in CKD4. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of Bupi Yishen Formula (BYF) vs. losartan in patients with non-diabetic CKD4. This trial was a multicenter, double-blind, double-dummy, randomized controlled trial that was carried out from 11-08-2011 to 07-20-2015. Patients were assigned (1:1) to receive either BYF or losartan for 48 weeks. The primary outcome was the change in the slope of the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) over 48 weeks. The secondary outcomes were the composite of end-stage kidney disease, death, doubling of serum creatinine, stroke, and cardiovascular events. A total of 567 patients were randomized to BYF (n = 283) or losartan (n = 284); of these, 549 (97%) patients were included in the final analysis. The BYF group had a slower renal function decline particularly prior to 12 weeks over the 48-week duration (between-group mean difference of eGFR slopes: −2.25 ml/min/1.73 m2/year, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −4.03,−0.47), and a lower risk of composite outcome of death from any cause, doubling of serum creatinine level, end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), stroke, or cardiovascular events (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.61, 95%CI: 0.44,0.85). No significant between-group differences were observed in the incidence of adverse events. We conclude that BYF might have renoprotective effects among non-diabetic patients with CKD4 in the first 12 weeks and over 48 weeks, but longer follow-up is required to evaluate the long-term effects.Clinical Trial Registration:http://www.chictr.org.cn, identifier ChiCTR-TRC-10001518.
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| 45. |
- Micah, Angela E., et al.
(författare)
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Tracking development assistance for health and for COVID-19 : a review of development assistance, government, out-of-pocket, and other private spending on health for 204 countries and territories, 1990-2050
- 2021
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - : Elsevier. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 398:10308, s. 1317-1343
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The rapid spread of COVID-19 renewed the focus on how health systems across the globe are financed, especially during public health emergencies. Development assistance is an important source of health financing in many low-income countries, yet little is known about how much of this funding was disbursed for COVID-19. We aimed to put development assistance for health for COVID-19 in the context of broader trends in global health financing, and to estimate total health spending from 1995 to 2050 and development assistance for COVID-19 in 2020. Methods We estimated domestic health spending and development assistance for health to generate total health-sector spending estimates for 204 countries and territories. We leveraged data from the WHO Global Health Expenditure Database to produce estimates of domestic health spending. To generate estimates for development assistance for health, we relied on project-level disbursement data from the major international development agencies' online databases and annual financial statements and reports for information on income sources. To adjust our estimates for 2020 to include disbursements related to COVID-19, we extracted project data on commitments and disbursements from a broader set of databases (because not all of the data sources used to estimate the historical series extend to 2020), including the UN Office of Humanitarian Assistance Financial Tracking Service and the International Aid Transparency Initiative. We reported all the historic and future spending estimates in inflation-adjusted 2020 US$, 2020 US$ per capita, purchasing-power parity-adjusted US$ per capita, and as a proportion of gross domestic product. We used various models to generate future health spending to 2050. Findings In 2019, health spending globally reached $8. 8 trillion (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 8.7-8.8) or $1132 (1119-1143) per person. Spending on health varied within and across income groups and geographical regions. Of this total, $40.4 billion (0.5%, 95% UI 0.5-0.5) was development assistance for health provided to low-income and middle-income countries, which made up 24.6% (UI 24.0-25.1) of total spending in low-income countries. We estimate that $54.8 billion in development assistance for health was disbursed in 2020. Of this, $13.7 billion was targeted toward the COVID-19 health response. $12.3 billion was newly committed and $1.4 billion was repurposed from existing health projects. $3.1 billion (22.4%) of the funds focused on country-level coordination and $2.4 billion (17.9%) was for supply chain and logistics. Only $714.4 million (7.7%) of COVID-19 development assistance for health went to Latin America, despite this region reporting 34.3% of total recorded COVID-19 deaths in low-income or middle-income countries in 2020. Spending on health is expected to rise to $1519 (1448-1591) per person in 2050, although spending across countries is expected to remain varied. Interpretation Global health spending is expected to continue to grow, but remain unequally distributed between countries. We estimate that development organisations substantially increased the amount of development assistance for health provided in 2020. Continued efforts are needed to raise sufficient resources to mitigate the pandemic for the most vulnerable, and to help curtail the pandemic for all. Copyright (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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| 46. |
- Pan, Qinying, et al.
(författare)
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Ultrafast charge transfer dynamics in 2D covalent organic frameworks/Re-complex hybrid photocatalyst
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rhenium(I)-carbonyl-diimine complexes have emerged as promising photocatalysts for carbon dioxide reduction with covalent organic frameworks recognized as perfect sensitizers and scaffold support. Such Re complexes/covalent organic frameworks hybrid catalysts have demonstrated high carbon dioxide reduction activities but with strong excitation energy-dependence. In this paper, we rationalize this behavior by the excitation energy-dependent pathways of internal photo-induced charge transfer studied via transient optical spectroscopies and time-dependent density-functional theory calculation. Under band-edge excitation, the excited electrons are quickly injected from covalent organic frameworks moiety into catalytic RheniumI center within picosecond but followed by fast backward geminate recombination. While under excitation with high-energy photon, the injected electrons are located at high-energy levels in RheniumI centers with longer lifetime. Besides those injected electrons to RheniumI center, there still remain some long-lived electrons in covalent organic frameworks moiety which is transferred back from RheniumI. This facilitates the two-electron reaction of carbon dioxide conversion to carbon monoxide.
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| 47. |
- Ross, A., et al.
(författare)
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Tailoring critical Al concentration to form external Al2O3 scale on Ni–Al alloys by computational approach
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of The American Ceramic Society. - : Wiley. - 0002-7820 .- 1551-2916. ; 105:12, s. 7770-7777
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nickel (Ni)-based superalloys for high-temperature applications are often designed to form a continuous and slow-growing oxide scale by adding Al and Cr and other beneficial elements. In the present work, the critical Al concentration in Ni–Al alloys needed to establish an α-Al2O3 scale in contrast to internal oxide formation is predicted as a function of temperature by means of the CALPHAD approach coupled with models in the literature, which account for the thermodynamics and kinetics of oxidation. The present thermodynamic remodeling of the Ni–O system results in a better agreement with experimental data of oxygen solubility in Ni at high temperatures. The oxygen solubility is combined with kinetic parameters to determine oxygen permeability in Ni, and the critical Al concentration needed to establish an α-Al2O3 scale at a given exposure temperature. Good agreement is found with available experimental data for both oxygen permeability and critical Al concentration, indicating the capacity of the CALPHAD approach to tailor oxidation resistance for materials of interest using thermodynamic and kinetic knowledge.
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| 48. |
- Shangguan, Zhichun, et al.
(författare)
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A rechargeable molecular solar thermal system below 0 °C
- 2022
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Ingår i: Chemical Science. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2041-6539 .- 2041-6520. ; 13:23, s. 6950-6958
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An optimal temperature is crucial for a broad range of applications, from chemical transformations, electronics, and human comfort, to energy production and our whole planet. Photochemical molecular thermal energy storage systems coupled with phase change behavior (MOST-PCMs) offer unique opportunities to capture energy and regulate temperature. Here, we demonstrate how a series of visible-light-responsive azopyrazoles couple MOST and PCMs to provide energy capture and release below 0 degrees C. The system is charged by blue light at -1 degrees C, and discharges energy in the form of heat under green light irradiation. High energy density (0.25 MJ kg(-1)) is realized through co-harvesting visible-light energy and thermal energy from the environment through phase transitions. Coatings on glass with photo-controlled transparency are prepared as a demonstration of thermal regulation. The temperature difference between the coatings and the ice cold surroundings is up to 22.7 degrees C during the discharging process. This study illustrates molecular design principles that pave the way for MOST-PCMs that can store natural sunlight energy and ambient heat over a wide temperature range.
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| 49. |
- Wang, Fei, et al.
(författare)
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Endothelial cell heterogeneity and microglia regulons revealed by a pig cell landscape at single-cell level
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pigs are valuable large animal models for biomedical and genetic research, but insights into the tissue- and cell-type-specific transcriptome and heterogeneity remain limited. By leveraging single-cell RNA sequencing, we generate a multiple-organ single-cell transcriptomic map containing over 200,000 pig cells from 20 tissues/organs. We comprehensively characterize the heterogeneity of cells in tissues and identify 234 cell clusters, representing 58 major cell types. In-depth integrative analysis of endothelial cells reveals a high degree of heterogeneity. We identify several functionally distinct endothelial cell phenotypes, including an endothelial to mesenchymal transition subtype in adipose tissues. Intercellular communication analysis predicts tissue- and cell type-specific crosstalk between endothelial cells and other cell types through the VEGF, PDGF, TGF-beta, and BMP pathways. Regulon analysis of single-cell transcriptome of microglia in pig and 12 other species further identifies MEF2C as an evolutionally conserved regulon in the microglia. Our work describes the landscape of single-cell transcriptomes within diverse pig organs and identifies the heterogeneity of endothelial cells and evolutionally conserved regulon in microglia.
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| 50. |
- Wang, Xiaohua, et al.
(författare)
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Tacrolimus Causes Hypertension by Increasing Vascular Contractility via RhoA (Ras Homolog Family Member A)/ROCK (Rho-Associated Protein Kinase) Pathway in Mice
- 2022
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Ingår i: Hypertension. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0194-911X .- 1524-4563. ; 79:10, s. 2228-2238
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: To provide tacrolimus is first-line treatment after liver and kidney transplantation. However, hypertension and nephrotoxicity are common tacrolimus side effects that limit its use. Although tacrolimus-related hypertension is well known, the underlying mechanisms are not. Here, we test whether tacrolimus-induced hypertension involves the RhoA (Ras homolog family member A)/ROCK (Rho-associated protein kinase) pathway in male C57Bl/6 mice. methods: Intra-arterial blood pressure was measured under anesthesia. The reactivity of renal afferent arterioles and mesenteric arteries were assessed in vitro using microperfusion and wire myography, respectively. Results: Tacrolimus induced a transient rise in systolic arterial pressure that was blocked by the RhoA/ROCK inhibitor Fasudil (12.0 +/- 0.9 versus 3.2 +/- 0.7; P<0.001). Moreover, tacrolimus reduced the glomerular filtration rate, which was also prevented by Fasudil (187 +/- 20 versus 281 +/- 8.5; P<0.001). Interestingly, tacrolimus enhanced the sensitivity of afferent arterioles and mesenteric arteries to Ang II (angiotensin II), likely due to increased intracellular Ca2+ mobilization and sensitization. Fasudil prevented increased Ang II-sensitivity and blocked Ca2+ mobilization and sensitization. Preincubation of mouse aortic vascular smooth muscle cells with tacrolimus activated the RhoA/ROCK/MYPT-1 (myosin phosphatase targeting subunit 1) pathway. Further, tacrolimus increased cytoplasmic reactive oxygen species generation in afferent arterioles (107 +/- 5.9 versus 163 +/- 6.4; P<0.001) and in cultured mouse aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (100 +/- 7.5 versus 160 +/- 23.2; P<0.01). Finally, the reactive oxygen species scavenger Tempol inhibited tacrolimus-induced Ang II hypersensitivity in afferent arterioles and mesenteric arteries. Conclusions: The RhoA/ROCK pathway may play an important role in tacrolimus-induced hypertension by enhancing Ang II-specific vasoconstriction, and reactive oxygen species may participate in this process by activating the RhoA/ROCK pathway.
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