| 531. |
- Shi, K. W., et al.
(författare)
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Observation of magnetic droplets in magnetic tunnel junctions
- 2022
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Ingår i: Science China-Physics Mechanics & Astronomy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1674-7348 .- 1869-1927. ; 65:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Magnetic droplets, a class of highly nonlinear magnetodynamic solitons, can be nucleated and stabilized in nanocontact spin-torque nano-oscillators. Here we experimentally demonstrate magnetic droplets in magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs). The droplet nucleation is accompanied by power enhancement compared with its ferromagnetic resonance modes. The nucleation and stabilization of droplets are ascribed to the double-CoFeB free-layer structure in the all-perpendicular MTJ, which provides a low Zhang-Li torque and a high pinning field. Our results enable better electrical sensitivity in fundamental studies of droplets and show that the droplets can be utilized in MTJ-based applications and materials science.
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| 532. |
- Shi, Ruifeng, et al.
(författare)
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Protective effects of Clec11a in islets against lipotoxicity via modulation of proliferation and lipid metabolism in mice
- 2019
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Ingår i: Experimental Cell Research. - : ELSEVIER INC. - 0014-4827 .- 1090-2422. ; 384:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The lipotoxicity is considered as one of the risk for diabetes. Here we report C-type lectin domain family 11, member A (Clec11a) as a new regulator in islet playing a protective role in lipotoxicity induced dysfunction. Islet transcriptome sequencing was performed using the high-fat diet induced obesity (DIO) mice model. We found a significant decrease of Clec11a expression in islets of DIO mice compared to normal control mice, which was further confirmed by real-time PCR. Immunostaining demonstrated the localization of the Clec11a protein in mouse islets. Administration of recombinant human Clec11a (rClec11a) protein promoted the proliferation of islet cells and rescued the inhibition of fatty acid on cell proliferation, which involved the activation of Erk signaling pathway. We also found that the rClec11a altered the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism.
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| 533. |
- Shi, Wenming, et al.
(författare)
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Urinary phthalate metabolites in relation to childhood asthmatic and allergic symptoms in Shanghai
- 2018
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Ingår i: Environment International. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0160-4120 .- 1873-6750. ; 121, s. 276-286
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Few studies can be found on phthalate exposure in relation to childhood asthma and allergic symptoms from Mainland China, where a persistent increase in prevalence of childhood asthma and allergic disease has been observed. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the exposure levels to phthalates and its relationship with asthmatic and allergic symptoms among children in Shanghai, which has the highest prevalence of childhood asthma in Mainland China. Methods: A follow-up study (2013-2014) of 434 children aged 5-10 years was conducted, based on the China, Children, Homes, Health (CCHH) study (2011-2012) in Shanghai, China. Information on asthmatic and allergic symptoms (wheeze, rhinitis, and eczema) were collected using validated questionnaires. Ten phthalate metabolites in morning urine samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the associations between symptoms and urinary phthalate metabolites controlling for demographics, family history of allergic diseases and other covariates. Results: Nine out of 10 phthalate metabolites were detected in all subjects (average detection rate of 93.2%). By multivariable logistic regression analyses, the 4th quartile of Mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP) (reference: 1st quartile) had adjusted prevalence odds ratios (aPORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) of 2.27(1.06-4.88), 2.14(1.02-4.46) and 2.98(1.19-7.50) for wheeze, rhinitis and eczema, respectively, while those of Mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP) were 2.23(1.08-4.62) and 2.96(1.02-8.60) for rhinitis and eczema, respectively. The highest quartile of mono-2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl phthalate(MEHHP) and mono 2 ethyl 5 ox ohexyl phthalate(MEOHP) had aPORs and 95%CIs of 3.10(1.10-8.74) and 2.63(1.02-6.80) for eczema, respectively. By summing up the 4 low molecular weight metabolites (Sigma 4LMWP) and all 9 metabolites (Sigma(9)Total), the highest quartiles of Sigma 4LMWP and Sigma(9)Total were significantly associated with all symptoms. In most of the above associations, a significantly increasing trend from the 1st to the 4th quartile was observed. Subjects with 2 or 3 concomitant symptoms (reference: no symptoms) had significant positive associations with a higher level (the 4th quartile) of phthalate metabolites. Conclusions: Low MW metabolites such as MnBP and MiBP, high MW DEHP and the total amount of phthalate metabolites might have adverse health effects on asthma and allergic symptoms in Chinese children.
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| 534. |
- Shi, Yantao, et al.
(författare)
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Ultrarapid Sonochemical Synthesis of ZnO Hierarchical Structures : From Fundamental Research to High Efficiencies up to 6.42% for Quasi-Solid Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
- 2013
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Ingår i: Chemistry of Materials. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0897-4756 .- 1520-5002. ; 25:6, s. 1000-1012
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Zinc oxide (ZnO) hierarchical structures (HSs) have recently demonstrated notable photochemical and photovoltaic performances attributed to their nano/micro combined architectures. In this study, ZnO HSs were synthesized at room temperature using ultrarapid sonochemistry. This novel approach can effectively overcome deficiencies in the synthesis via traditional direct precipitation by promoting nucleation and accelerating diffusion. Only 15 min was needed to complete the formation of highly crystallized and uniformed HSs consisting of interconnected monocrystalline nanosheets using sonochemistry. The formation of HSs through in situ observations was interpreted using a new mechanism based on oriented attachment and reconstruction. In the nonequilibrium synthesis system, thicker, porous, and coarse crystallized ZnO sheets were first constructed via oriented attachment of small-sized nanocrystals. After reconstruction, untrathin, integrated, and monocrystalline nanosheets were obtained. According to the two-dimensional nanosheets to three-dimensional HSs, the formation was much more sophisticated because repeated and parallel heterogeneous oriented attachments with reconstructions dominated the final morphologies of the HSs. The relationships between synthetic conditions and HSs structures were established. Based on the photoanodes in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs), the performances of these differently structured HSs were tested. HSs with densely assembled nanosheets exhibited better performances in photoelectric conversions. Systematic investigations were also carried out by selecting two representative HSs to demonstrate the critical factors governing the optical and electrical properties of photoanodes. Finally, under AM 1.5 and 100mW cm(-2) light irradiation, high photoelectric conversion efficiencies of up to 6.42% were achieved. These results established a new record for quasi-solid ZnO-based DSCs.
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| 535. |
- Smith, Jennifer A, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide association study identifies 74 loci associated with educational attainment
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nature (London). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 533:7604, s. 539-542
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Educational attainment is strongly influenced by social and other environmental factors, but genetic factors are estimated to account for at least 20% of the variation across individuals. Here we report the results of a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for educational attainment that extends our earlier discovery sample of 101,069 individuals to 293,723 individuals, and a replication study in an independent sample of 111,349 individuals from the UK Biobank. We identify 74 genome-wide significant loci associated with the number of years of schooling completed. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with educational attainment are disproportionately found in genomic regions regulating gene expression in the fetal brain. Candidate genes are preferentially expressed in neural tissue, especially during the prenatal period, and enriched for biological pathways involved in neural development. Our findings demonstrate that, even for a behavioural phenotype that is mostly environmentally determined, a well-powered GWAS identifies replicable associated genetic variants that suggest biologically relevant pathways. Because educational attainment is measured in large numbers of individuals, it will continue to be useful as a proxy phenotype in efforts to characterize the genetic influences of related phenotypes, including cognition and neuropsychiatric diseases.
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| 536. |
- Smits, Anne, et al.
(författare)
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Current knowledge, challenges and innovations in developmental pharmacology: A combined conect4children Expert Group and European Society for Developmental, Perinatal and Paediatric Pharmacology White Paper.
- 2021
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Ingår i: British journal of clinical pharmacology. - : Wiley. - 1365-2125 .- 0306-5251. ; 88:12, s. 4965-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Developmental pharmacology describes the impact of maturation on drug disposition (pharmacokinetics, PK) and drug effects (pharmacodynamics, PD) throughout the paediatric age range. This paper, written by a multidisciplinary group of experts, summarizes current knowledge, and provides suggestions to pharmaceutical companies, regulatory agencies and academicians on how to incorporate the latest knowledge regarding developmental pharmacology and innovative techniques into neonatal and paediatric drug development. Biological aspects of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion throughout development are summarized. Although this area made enormous progress during the last two decades, remaining knowledge gaps were identified. Minimal risk and burden designs allow for optimally informative but minimally invasive PK sampling, while concomitant profiling of drug metabolites may provide additional insight in the unique PK behaviour in children. Furthermore, developmental PD needs to be considered during drug development, which is illustrated by disease- and/or target organ-specific examples. Identifying and testing PD targets and effects in special populations, and application of age- and/or population-specific assessment tools are discussed. Drug development plans also need to incorporate innovative techniques such as preclinical models to study therapeutic strategies, and shift from sequential enrolment of subgroups, to more rational designs. To stimulate appropriate research plans, illustrations of specific PK/PD-related as well as drug safety-related challenges during drug development are provided. The suggestions made in this joint paper of the Innovative Medicines Initiative conect4children Expert group on Developmental Pharmacology and the European Society for Developmental, Perinatal and Paediatric Pharmacology, should facilitate all those involved in drug development.
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| 537. |
- Su, Bo, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in the supply and demand potentials of China's glacier water resources in the 21st century: Spatiotemporal mismatches and combined effects
- 2023
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Ingår i: Advances in Climate Change Research. - 1674-9278 .- 2524-1761. ; 14:5, s. 746-757
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- China's glacier water resources (GWRs) are not only indispensable suppliers of fresh water for humans living in large domestic areas but also affect the water supply to downstream neighbouring countries. Therefore, it is crucial to systematically evaluate the spatiotemporal (mis-) matches between the supply and demand potentials of China's GWRs and the combined supply and demand effects in the 21st century to enable regional sustainable development. To facilitate such research, in this study, we first regionalized the importance of China's GWRs in terms of the supply potential and downstream human dependence to reveal the spatial (mis-) matches between supply and demand potentials. Then, changes in the service potential of glacier meltwater and in population dynamics, as well as their temporal (mis-) matches and associated opportunities and risks, were further assessed at the river basin scale. The results showed that GWR plays an important role in 4 of 16 macroscale glacier-fed basins (i.e., Tarim, Junggar, Ili, and Zangxi) and 11 of 37 subbasins within the China region due to higher supply potential and demand potential in those basins. The importance of China's GWRs increases dramatically when taking the demand potential of downstream countries into account, especially in the Ganges and Indus river basins. The peaks in meltwater runoff from the most glacierized basins of the eastern Tianshan Mountains, eastern Qilian Mountains, and southeastern Tibetan Plateau of China occur slightly earlier than the projected peak population (around 2030) under the mid-range Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP245), leading to a compound risk in terms of decreasing meltwater supply and increasing human dependence at the end of the 2020s. However, the peak meltwater is expected to occur later than the peak population in the Tarim, Qiangtang Plateau, and Qaidam basins. The opportunities offered by the increase in meltwater can relieve the water resource pressure for those populations under water-stressed conditions. Greater attention should also be paid to water shortage risks in the transboundary river basins, especially in the Indus and Ganges basins, because the peak meltwater within China is generally expected to occur sooner than the projected peak population of downstream countries. This study provides an effective planning and decision-making basis for the full utilization of China's GWRs and adaptation when glacier runoff declines.
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| 538. |
- Su, Jianxiong, et al.
(författare)
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Microscopic mechanism of ultrasonically welded joints : The role of terminal roughness and wire diameter
- 2024
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Ingår i: Materials Characterization. - : Elsevier. - 1044-5803 .- 1873-4189. ; 214
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ultrasonic welding technology is widely promoted as a new connection approach in the field of current energy vehicle wiring harness connection. In this paper, three kinds of 25mm2 copper wire harnesses with different wire diameters and T2 copper terminals with different surface roughness were welded by ultrasonic welding. The mechanical properties of the joints were investigated by tensile experiments and the microstructure of joints was characterised using SEM and EBSD techniques. Excessive roughness increases plastic deformation at the weld interface during ultrasonic welding. This increases the dislocation density at the weld interface and refines the grain size. However, at the same time it inhibits recrystallisation to a certain extent. The lower roughness facilitates recrystallisation, but the low density of HAGBs makes the interface susceptible to slip in extended crystallographic plane and direction. Appropriate roughness allows the weld interface to generate fine equiaxed grains and a high density of HAGBs. This facilitates the obstruction of dislocation movement and improves the strength of joint. In addition, the high porosity of a longitudinal cross-section of the conductor with its small diameter was investigated. This results in a large number of wires remaining on the terminals when force is applied. It was determined that the larger a diameter of wire, the higher a cross-sectional porosity. The copper wire breaks at a weak point in cross-section when the force is applied, resulting in the entire wire being left on terminal. At a wire diameter of 0.2 mm, the porosity of a cross-section reaches an equilibrium and the strength of joint is even higher than the strength of material itself, resulting in the joint pulling off. The maximum strength reaches 4703.77 N. © 2024
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| 539. |
- Su, Zhibin, et al.
(författare)
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Preparation and properties of aminated graphene fiber incorporated modified asphalt
- 2019
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Ingår i: Construction and Building Materials. - : Elsevier. - 0950-0618 .- 1879-0526. ; 229
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The inert nature of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber limits the development of fiber asphalt pavement, which can however be tackled by modifying PAN. In this paper, PAN was modified via self-polymerization of dopamine and covalent grafting of aminated graphene, which were in turn used to prepare three kinds of modified asphalt. Dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) tests showed that the aminated graphene modified fiber based asphalt had better viscoelasticity and resistance to permanent deformation than the pristine fiber added asphalt. 3% NH2-GNPs/D-PAN modified asphalt exhibited about 8% higher G* than 3% PAN modified asphalt at a fixed shear frequency. The aminated graphene modified asphalt exhibited enhanced hydrophobicity, adhesion work and water resistance (increased by 14%) than unmodified PAN fiber added asphalt as determined via contact angle measurement. Trabecular bending test and water-immersed Marshall stability test showed that NH2-GNPs/D-PAN incorporated modified asphalt mixture realized the best cracking resistance at low temperature and water damage resistance, which is consistent with the result of DSR and contact angle tests. FT-IR characterization confirmed the successful grafting of amino group onto graphene oxide and that graphite oxide was reduced to graphene. The fiber structure and successful grafting of aminated graphene onto the fiber surface in the PAN modified asphalt was further characterized and confirmed by SEM and AFM.
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| 540. |
- Sun, Jing, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of novel protein biomarkers and drug targets for colorectal cancer by integrating human plasma proteome with genome
- 2023
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Ingår i: Genome Medicine. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1756-994X. ; 15:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The proteome is a major source of therapeutic targets. We conducted a proteome-wide Mendelian randomization (MR) study to identify candidate protein markers and therapeutic targets for colorectal cancer (CRC).Methods: Protein quantitative trait loci (pQTLs) were derived from seven published genome-wide association studies (GWASs) on plasma proteome, and summary-level data were extracted for 4853 circulating protein markers. Genetic associations with CRC were obtained from a large-scale GWAS meta-analysis (16,871 cases and 26,328 controls), the FinnGen cohort (4957 cases and 304,197 controls), and the UK Biobank (9276 cases and 477,069 controls). Colocalization and summary-data-based MR (SMR) analyses were performed sequentially to verify the causal role of candidate proteins. Single cell-type expression analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI), and druggability evaluation were further conducted to detect the specific cell type with enrichment expression and prioritize potential therapeutic targets.Results: Collectively, genetically predicted levels of 13 proteins were associated with CRC risk. Elevated levels of two proteins (GREM1, CHRDL2) and decreased levels of 11 proteins were associated with an increased risk of CRC, among which four (GREM1, CLSTN3, CSF2RA, CD86) were prioritized with the most convincing evidence. These protein-coding genes are mainly expressed in tissue stem cells, epithelial cells, and monocytes in colon tumor tissue. Two interactive pairs of proteins (GREM1 and CHRDL2; MMP2 and TIMP2) were identified to be involved in osteoclast differentiation and tumorigenesis pathways; four proteins (POLR2F, CSF2RA, CD86, MMP2) have been targeted for drug development on autoimmune diseases and other cancers, with the potentials of being repurposed as therapeutic targets for CRC.Conclusions: This study identified several protein biomarkers to be associated with CRC risk and provided new insights into the etiology and promising targets for the development of screening biomarkers and therapeutic drugs for CRC.
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