| 5081. |
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| 5082. |
- Palmieri, Jack, et al.
(författare)
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Psychosocial study environment characteristics associated with exposure to sexual harassment at a large public university in southern Sweden : a cross-sectional study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Global Health Action. - 1654-9716. ; 16:1, s. 1-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Universities can be understood as work-like environments for students, with similar risks and expectations regarding psychosocial environment. Limited research has examined this study environment from a Demand-Control-Support perspective with regard to sexual harassment. Understanding this environment is key to designing protective measures. This study aimed to examine the association between individual and psychosocial study environment characteristics and exposure to sexual harassment among students at Lund University, Sweden.METHODS: This cross-sectional study utilised data from an online survey conducted among students. Questions on background characteristics, exposure to sexual harassment while at university and psychosocial study environment as measured by a Demand-Control-Support-instrument were used. Bivariate, and multivariable logistic regressions were used, together with Population Attributable Fractions (PAF), and synergy indexes (SI).RESULTS: High demands and low control were independently associated with higher odds of being exposed to sexual harassment among both females and males (OR 1.41, OR 1.26 and OR 1.55, OR1.34, respectively). When adjusting for background characteristics, high study strain (combination of high demands and low control) was associated with exposure to sexual harassment among both female and male respondents (aOR 1.67 and 1.98 respectively) and could account for PAF of 14% and 15% of study environment sexual harassment for females and males, respectively. Low lecturer support was associated with higher odds for sexual harassment among females (aOR 1.19) but not males. Little evidence was found for a buffering effect of student support on high strain and sexual harassment (SI 0.7).CONCLUSION: Working to reduce situations of high strain study environments could be an effective strategy for reducing sexual harassment in university settings. Improving support from lecturers could also modify this relationship, but more research is required to identify causal pathways underlying this result.
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| 5083. |
- Palmquist, Eva, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Odor perception and symptoms during acrolein exposure in individuals with and without building-related symptoms
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Nature. - 2045-2322. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Building-related symptoms (BRS) is a significant work-related and public health problem, characterized by non-specific symptoms occurring in a particular building. The cause of BRS is unknown, but certain reactive compounds are suggested risk factors. The aim of this controlled exposure study was to investigate whether BRS cases report more odor annoyance and symptoms and show altered autonomous nervous system (ANS) response during exposure to the reactive aldehyde, acrolein in comparison with referents. Individuals with BRS (n = 18) and referents (n = 14) took part in two exposure sessions (80 min). One session contained heptane alone, and the other heptane and acrolein. Perceived odor annoyance; eye, nose, and throat symptoms; and ANS response were measured continuously. BRS cases did not experience more odor annoyance; eye, nose, and throat symptoms; or altered ANS response in comparison with referents during the exposures. Supplementary analyses revealed that BRS cases that also reported chemical intolerance perceived more symptoms than referents during acrolein exposure. Acrolein exposure at a concentration below previously reported sensory irritation detection thresholds is perceived as more irritating by a subgroup of BRS individuals compared with referents. The results of this study indicate that a subset of individuals with building related symptoms (BRS) has a lowered sensory irritation threshold towards acrolein exposure. Future guidelines on chemical exposures to acrolein should take time and individual sensitivity into account.
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| 5084. |
- Palmquist, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Overlap in prevalence between various types of environmental intolerance
- 2014
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Ingår i: International journal of hygiene and environmental health. - : Elsevier. - 1438-4639 .- 1618-131X. ; 217:4-5, s. 427-434
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Environmental intolerance (EI) is characterized by attribution of several, multisystem symptoms to specific environmental exposures, such as exposure to odorous/pungent chemicals, certain buildings, electromagnetic fields (EMFs) and everyday sounds. The symptoms are medically unexplained, non-specific and the symptoms overlap between different types of EI. To approach the issue of underlying mechanisms the matter of overlap in prevalence between intolerances can provide valuable information. The aim of the study was to examine if the overlap between intolerance to odorous/pungent chemicals, certain buildings, EMFs and sounds is larger than the expected overlap if no association would exist between them. The study was using cross-sectional data from the Västerbotten Environmental Health Study in Sweden; a large questionnaire-based survey. 8520 adults (18-79 years) were randomly selected after stratification for age and sex, of whom 3406 (40%) participated. Individuals with the four types of intolerance were identified either through self-report, or by having been physician-diagnosed with a specific EI. The overlaps between the four EIs were greater than predictions based on coincidence for both self-reported and diagnosed cases (except for the overlap between diagnosed intolerance to sounds and EMFs). The results raise the question whether different types of EI share similar underlying mechanisms, or at least that the sufferers of EI share some predisposition to acquire the conditions.
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| 5085. |
- Palsdottir, Anna Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Aktiv rehab och ridterapi : hästunderstödd rehabilitering och friskvård för personer med funktionsnedsättning
- 2019
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Under åren 2012-2015 drevs det Arvsfondsfinansierade projektet Aktiv Rehab & Ridterapi av Neuroförbundet Falun och Norra Dalarna. Målet var att bidra till ökad tillgång till hästunderstödda insatser inom det befintliga systemet för folkhälsoarbete och sjukvård. Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet (SLU) ansvarade för en vetenskaplig utvärdering av projektet i samverkan med DataAnalys och Register Centrum, Region Skåne. Utvärderingen syftade till att undersöka effekterna av hästunderstödda insatser avseende deltagarnas upplevda vardagsaktiviteter, hälsa och livskvalitet samt att få en fördjupad förståelse av vad insatserna kan betyda för deltagarna i vardagen. Vidare undersöka om effekterna av interventionen skiljer sig från en kontrollgrupp.För att nå detta mål användes triangulering, med kvantitativa mått i kombination med intervjuer. En prospektiv longitudinell studie (dvs en studie där populationen följts under längre tid) genomfördes som omfattade personer med neurologisk sjukdom eller skada.Studien omfattade 190 deltagare, där den undersökta populationen, interventionsgruppen, omfattade 14 deltagare. Kontrollgruppen var uppdelad i två delar: De som deltog i en aktivitet minst en gång per vecka ingick i gruppen ”aktiva”, (n=147), medan resterande del bildade gruppen passiva (n=29). Primär utfallsvariabel var upplevelser av vardagsaktiviteter. Sekundära utfallsmått var i) grad av utmattning och ii) självskattad hälsa. En retrospektiv intervjustudie genomfördes (n=5).Resultatet visar att upplevelsen av vardagsaktiviteter som meningsfulla och värdeskapande förbättrades kraftigt för interventionsgruppens värde. Ändringen över tid är statistiskt säkerställd gentemot kontrollgrupp passiv. Vidare, att deltagarnas energi och lust ökade medan den upplevda stressen minskade, liksom den känslomässiga, fysiska tröttheten. Den mentala tröttheten ökade något. Ingen av dessa förändringar är statistiskt säkerställd.Den självskattade globala hälsan visade en kraftfull och signifikant förbättring. Förändringen över tid skiljer sig signifikant gentemot båda kontrollgrupperna, aktiv och passiv. Den kliniska signifikansen, mätt med Hedges’ g, visar att effekten av interventionen i jämförelse med kontrollgrupper är god, såväl när det gäller upplevelsen av vardagsaktiviteter som när det gäller självupplevd hälsa.Intervjuerna stärker de kvantitativa fynden och visade på fyra teman som kan länkas till ICF- områdena kroppsfunktioner, aktivitet, delaktighet och omgivningsfaktorer; 1. Att stärka och främja förmågor och välbefinnande., 2. Ökad egenmakt., 3. Jämlikhet och rättvisa genom ökad tillgänglighet., 4. Hästen och omgivande miljö som resurs.Sammanfattningsvis visar resultatet att hästunderstödda insatser har potential för att vara en hälsofrämjande aktivitet som bidrar till att bibehålla och/eller förbättra individens hälsa avseende funktion, aktivitet och delaktighet
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| 5086. |
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| 5087. |
- Palsdottir, Anna Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Nature and health - students' perspective on nature assisted interventions
- 2018
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Ingår i: LTV-fakultetens faktablad.
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Outdoor environments for health and well-being is the main topic for an international master’s programme offered at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, leading to a master's degree with a major in Landscape Architecture (120 credits). The programme is offered at full time and part time study. Each course includes 2-4 meetings. The programme offers both theoretical foundation within environmental perception, place attachment and landscape architecture. There are courses covering topics on health promoting outdoor environments for different groups of users ranging from public places for children’s play and education for elderly in sheltered living. The courses also focus on specific target groups with specific needs such as rehabilitation or therapy. Two such courses are: 1) Nature-Based Interventions (NBI), with focus on the different types of outdoor environments where the na-tural space is the primary element of the intervention (focus on the landscape and places as health promoting resources) and the course 2) Nature-Assisted Interventions (NAI), with focus on nature and natural elements such as plants and animals as a medium in a health promoting intervention with focus on activi-ties (focus on the actvities that can be perfor-med either outdoors or indoors such as hospitals, elder care homes, schools, space shuttles/in space, etc.). This factsheet is based on students’ work within the course Nature-Assisted Interven-tions during spring 2018. The course is divided into four modules where the two first blocks provide overview and introduction into the field of research on plant-human interactions and animal-human interactions as well as introduction to practical examples in real world situations. The third module is performed as a case study, where the student visit and study practical examples of Nature-Assisted Interventions with focus on activities (independent of place - outdoors or indoors). The last module focuses on abstraction of knowledge from the cases. The students presented their cases for each other in smaller groups and afterwards, extracted what they understood as the “core essences” of NAI. From there, the students discussed and wrote abstracts on the topic illustrated in posters, presented in this factsheet.
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| 5088. |
- Palsdottir, Anna Maria
(författare)
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The role of nature in rehabilitation for individuals with stress-related mental disorders : Alnarp Rehabilitation Garden as supportive environment
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Abstract The Alnarp Rehabilitation Garden was established in 2002 as a research and development project involving nature-based rehabilitation (NBR), based on empirical evidence that natural environments (nature) can have a positive effect on human health and well-being. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the Alnarp Rehabilitation Garden as a supportive environment in NBR with a special focus on the role of nature in relation to the rehabilitation process and essential qualities that might affect health outcome. Through trans-disciplinary joint co-operation, state-of-the-art NBR was described and research gaps for further studies were identified. The participants’ perspectives on the role of natural environments in NBR and the essential qualities that support rehabilitation processes were identified in a longitudinal prospective single-case study. In a prospective interventional study, the changes in participants’ experienced value of everyday occupations, self-rated health and function in everyday life were assessed after NBR. The results revealed a new quality of supportive environment was i.e. Social quietness, which refers to the participants’ urgent need for solitary encounters with nature. An explanatory model of a supportive environment is presented, illustrating how nature and nature-related occupations can facilitate and support the rehabilitation process in an NBR context. The most essential qualities of supportive environments in the rehabilitation garden were the Perceived Sensory Dimensions of: serene, nature, prospect, refuge and space as well as qualities of extent, being away, fascination and compatibility. Significant positive changes were measured regarding self-rated health, improved function in everyday life and perceived occupational values in daily life, especially the value of self-reward. Nature’s supported role seems to be extended to everyday life for restorative occupations. These findings are of importance both when designing outdoor environments and as a springboard in the future work of drawing up certification criteria for supportive environments in an NBR context. However, there is a great need to identify specific features of natural environments that may support health processes.
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| 5089. |
- Palsdottir, Anna Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Återhämtning i naturen som insteg till traditionell vård och omsorg
- 2023
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Ingår i: LTV-fakultetens faktablad.
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Detta faktablad handlar om en naturunderstödd intervention i Lappland. Interventionen riktade sig till individer med utmattning och depression som skogsbadat, varit med hästar och tagit del av motiverande samtal.
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| 5090. |
- Pan, Kuan-Yu, et al.
(författare)
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Trajectories of psychosocial working conditions and all-cause and cause-specific mortality : a Swedish register-based cohort study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - 0355-3140 .- 1795-990X. ; 49:7, s. 496-505
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives While psychosocial working conditions have been associated with morbidity, their associations with mortality, especially cause-specific mortality, have been less studied. Additionally, few studies considered the time-varying aspect of exposures. We aimed to examine trajectories of job demand–control status in relation to all-cause and cause-specific mortality, including cardiovascular diseases (CVD), suicide, and alcohol-related mortality.Methods The study population consisted of around 4.5 million individuals aged 16-60 years in Sweden in 2005. Job control and demands were respectively measured using job exposure matrices (JEM). Trajectories of job control and demands throughout 2005–2009 were identified using group-based trajectory modelling, and job demand–control categories were subsequently classified. Deaths in 2010–2019 were recorded in the national cause of death register. Cox regression models were used.Results A total of 116 242 individuals died in 2010–2019. For both job control and demands, we identified four trajectories, which were parallel to each other and represented four levels of exposures. Low control and passive jobs were associated with higher all-cause, CVD, and suicide mortality among both men and women. High strain jobs were associated with higher all-cause and CVD mortality among men, while low control, passive jobs, and high strain jobs were associated with higher alcohol-related mortality among women.Conclusions The trajectories identified may suggest stable levels of job control and demands over time. Poor psychosocial working conditions are related to all-cause and cause-specific mortality, and these patterns vary to some extent between men and women.
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