| 1091. |
- Falkstedt, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Cannabis, Tobacco, Alcohol Use, and the Risk of Early Stroke : A Population-Based Cohort Study of 45000 Swedish Men
- 2017
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Ingår i: Stroke. - 0039-2499 .- 1524-4628. ; 48:2, s. 265-270
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Purpose - Current knowledge on cannabis use in relation to stroke is based almost exclusively on clinical reports. By using a population-based cohort, we aimed to find out whether there was an association between cannabis use and early-onset stroke, when accounting for the use of tobacco and alcohol.Methods - The cohort comprises 49321 Swedish men, born between 1949 and 1951, who were conscripted into compulsory military service between the ages of 18 and 20. All men answered 2 detailed questionnaires at conscription and were subject to examinations of physical aptitude, psychological functioning, and medical status. Information on stroke events up to approximate to 60 years of age was obtained from national databases; this includes strokes experienced before 45 years of age.Results - No associations between cannabis use in young adulthood and strokes experienced 45 years of age or beyond were found in multivariable models: cannabis use >50 times, hazard ratios=0.93 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.34-2.57) and 0.95 (95% CI, 0.59-1.53). Although an almost doubled risk of ischemic stroke was observed in those with cannabis use >50 times, this risk was attenuated when adjusted for tobacco usage: hazards ratio=1.47 (95% CI, 0.83-2.56). Smoking 20 cigarettes per day was clearly associated both with strokes before 45 years of age, hazards ratio=5.04 (95% CI, 2.80-9.06), and with strokes throughout the follow-up, hazards ratio=2.15 (95% CI, 1.61-2.88).Conclusions - We found no evident association between cannabis use in young adulthood and stroke, including strokes before 45 years of age. Tobacco smoking, however, showed a clear, dose-response shaped association with stroke.
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| 1092. |
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| 1093. |
- Fang, Xin, et al.
(författare)
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Bayesian model averaging method for evaluating associations between air pollution and respiratory mortality : a time-series study
- 2016
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - London, England : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2044-6055. ; 6:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To demonstrate an application of Bayesian model averaging (BMA) with generalised additive mixed models (GAMM) and provide a novel modelling technique to assess the association between inhalable coarse particles (PM10) and respiratory mortality in time-series studies.Design: A time-series study using regional death registry between 2009 and 2010.Setting: 8 districts in a large metropolitan area in Northern China.Participants: 9559 permanent residents of the 8 districts who died of respiratory diseases between 2009 and 2010.Main outcome measures: Per cent increase in daily respiratory mortality rate (MR) per interquartile range (IQR) increase of PM10 concentration and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) in single-pollutant and multipollutant (including NOx, CO) models.Results: The Bayesian model averaged GAMM (GAMM+ BMA) and the optimal GAMM of PM10, multipollutants and principal components (PCs) of multipollutants showed comparable results for the effect of PM10 on daily respiratory MR, that is, one IQR increase in PM10 concentration corresponded to 1.38% vs 1.39%, 1.81% vs 1.83% and 0.87% vs 0.88% increase, respectively, in daily respiratory MR. However, GAMM+ BMA gave slightly but noticeable wider CIs for the single-pollutant model (-1.09 to 4.28 vs -1.08 to 3.93) and the PCs-based model (-2.23 to 4.07 vs -2.03 vs 3.88). The CIs of the multiple-pollutant model from two methods are similar, that is, -1.12 to 4.85 versus -1.11 versus 4.83.Conclusions: The BMA method may represent a useful tool for modelling uncertainty in time-series studies when evaluating the effect of air pollution on fatal health outcomes.
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| 1094. |
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| 1095. |
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| 1096. |
- Fart, Frida, 1992-
(författare)
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The Ageing Gut, in Health and Disease
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There is a global ageing phenomenon, which stress the importance for an improved health for the increased population of older adults. One important factor for a good health is a well-functioning gut. Hence, this thesisinvestigates several aspects of gut health for older adults, spanning from overall gut health in community-dwelling older adults, to investigating a gut disease model: inflammatory bowel disease, which includes Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. When investigating community-dwelling older adults, gastrointestinal symptoms were found to be common and correlated to a lower experience of well-being. In addition, more than half of the population did not reach the recommended intake of several macronutrients, including protein and fibre. Compared to a group of active older adults, still practising orienteering, i.e., senior orienteers, community-dwelling older adult’s further showed signs of a less healthier gut microbiota, including lower levels of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii.By investigating the disease model of inflammatory bowel disease, later onset of Crohn’s disease seemed to have less hyperresponsive adaptive immune response toward the own gut microbiota, which seems to be due to a less genetic predisposition among later onset individuals. Interestingly, an environmental pollutant, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), was increased in the serum of late-onset ulcerative colitis patients compared to healthy controls. A higher level of PFAS further correlated to a disturbed bile acid pool. In addition, PFAS induced an increased intestinal permeability across ileal and colonic murine tissue. In conclusion, the work included in this thesis further emphasises the importance of a maintained gut health. In addition, the work highlights diet, an active life-style, gut microbiota and environmental factors, for example PFAS, as targets of future interventions studies with the aim to improve gut health and overall health among older adults.
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| 1097. |
- Fazel, Seena, et al.
(författare)
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Antipsychotics, mood stabilisers, and risk of violent crime
- 2014
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - London, United Kingdom : The Lancet Publishing Group. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 384:9949, s. 1206-1214
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Antipsychotics and mood stabilisers are prescribed widely to patients with psychiatric disorders worldwide. Despite clear evidence for their efficacy in relapse prevention and symptom relief, their effect on some adverse outcomes, including the perpetration of violent crime, is unclear. We aimed to establish the effect of antipsychotics and mood stabilisers on the rate of violent crime committed by patients with psychiatric disorders in Sweden.Methods: We used linked Swedish national registers to study 82,647 patients who were prescribed antipsychotics or mood stabilisers, their psychiatric diagnoses, and subsequent criminal convictions in 2006-09. We did within-individual analyses to compare the rate of violent criminality during the time that patients were prescribed these medications versus the rate for the same patients while they were not receiving the drugs to adjust for all confounders that remained constant within each participant during follow-up. The primary outcome was the occurrence of violent crime, according to Sweden's national crime register.Findings: In 2006-09, 40,937 men in Sweden were prescribed antipsychotics or mood stabilisers, of whom 2657 (6·5%) were convicted of a violent crime during the study period. In the same period, 41,710 women were prescribed these drugs, of whom 604 (1·4 %) had convictions for violent crime. Compared with periods when participants were not on medication, violent crime fell by 45% in patients receiving antipsychotics (hazard ratio [HR] 0·55, 95% CI 0·47-0·64) and by 24% in patients prescribed mood stabilisers (0·76, 0·62-0·93). However, we identified potentially important differences by diagnosis-mood stabilisers were associated with a reduced rate of violent crime only in patients with bipolar disorder. The rate of violence reduction for antipsychotics remained between 22% and 29% in sensitivity analyses that used different outcomes (any crime, drug-related crime, less severe crime, and violent arrest), and was stronger in patients who were prescribed higher drug doses than in those prescribed low doses. Notable reductions in violent crime were also recorded for depot medication (HR adjusted for concomitant oral medications 0·60, 95% CI 0·39-0·92).Interpretation: In addition to relapse prevention and psychiatric symptom relief, the benefits of antipsychotics and mood stabilisers might also include reductions in the rates of violent crime. The potential effects of these drugs on violence and crime should be taken into account when treatment options for patients with psychiatric disorders are being considered.Funding: The Wellcome Trust, the Swedish Prison and Probation Service, the Swedish Research Council, and the Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare.
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| 1098. |
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| 1099. |
- Fengsrud, Espen, 1970-
(författare)
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Atrial fibrillation : endoscopic ablation and postoperative studies
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with an increased risk of stroke, heart failure and cardiovascular death. Initial treatment focuses on rhythm or rate control and anticoagulation after risk assessment. Catheter abla-tion (CA) is an option in highly symptomatic patients but is less effective in long-standing persistent AF(LSPAF). Total endoscopic ablation is an alternative, but its clinical role needs further evaluation. In patients undergoing aortocoronary bypass graft (CABG) surgery, up to 9 % present with preoperative AF. One-third experience postoperative AF, which is associated with increased hospital stay, risk of stroke and decreased long-term survival. The long-term effects on heart rhythm have not been studied.Methods and Results: 571 patients undergoing CABG from 1999 to 2000 were followed for six years. Postoperative AF was the strongest independent risk factor for late AF and an age-independent risk factor for late mortality. 615 pa-tients from the same cohort, including patients with preoperative AF, were fol-lowed up at 15 years. Death due to cerebral ischaemia, heart failure and sudden death were most common in the pre- and postoperative AF groups. The presence of pre- or postoperative AF was an independent risk factor for late mortality.In our first ten patients, total endoscopic ablation of AF using a right-sided unilateral approach was feasible and safe with acceptable results. 36 patients with symptomatic LSPAF were then randomized to total endoscopic ablation or rate control. Loop recorders were implanted in all patients. In the control group, all patients were in permanent AF for 12 months. In the ablation group, 12/15 patients (80%) were in SR without antiarrhythmic drugs at 12 months. Median freedom of AF at 3–12 months was 95%, and 8/15 (53%) had an AF burden of < 5%. Myocardial function, physical working capacity(PWC) and subjective physical and mental health improved.Conclusions: Postoperative AF patients have an eightfold increased risk of future AF and a doubled long-term cardiovascular mortality. Both pre- or post-operative AF in CABG patients is a major risk factor for late cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Total endoscopic ablation of AF is feasible and safe. In patients with LSPAF, it significantly reduced AF burden at 12 months compared with controls. Myocardial function, PWC and subjective physical and mental health improved.
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| 1100. |
- Fernandez-de-las-Penas, C., et al.
(författare)
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Sensitization-Associated Post-COVID-19 Symptoms at 6 Months Are Not Associated with Serological Biomarkers at Hospital Admission in COVID-19 Survivors: A Secondary Analysis of a Cohort Study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Medicine. - : MDPI AG. - 2077-0383. ; 11:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Individuals who survived coronavirus disease, 2019 (COVID-19), often have symptoms of sensitization, but the extent to which these symptoms relate to serological biomarkers remains unclear. Therefore, this secondary analysis evaluated the association between serological biomarkers at hospital admission with sensitization-associated post-COVID-19 symptoms in a sample of previously hospitalized COVID-19 survivors. Sixty-seven individuals hospitalized due to SARS-CoV-2 infection in one urban hospital of Madrid (Spain) during the first wave of the pandemic were assessed a mean of 6.0 (SD 0.8) months after hospital discharge. The Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) was used as rough tool to estimate the presence of sensitization-associated post-COVID-19 symptoms (>= 40/100 points). Levels of 16 serological biomarkers collected at hospital admission were obtained from medical records. Twenty-four (35.8%) patients reported sensitization-associated post-COVID-19 symptoms (CSI >= 40 points). Subjects reporting sensitization-associated symptoms had lower ferritin and hemoglobin levels than those not reporting sensitization-associated post-COVID-19 symptoms; however, these differences were small. We observed significant but small negative associations of the CSI score with ferritin (r: -0.251, p = 0.04) and hemoglobin (r: -0.292, p = 0.017) levels. No other significant difference was found. In conclusion, this secondary analysis did not find significant associations between the investigated serological biomarkers at hospital admission and sensitization-associated post-COVID-19 symptoms at 6 months after hospitalization in COVID-19 survivors.
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