| 31. |
- Socher, Michaela, et al.
(author)
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Comparing the semantic networks of children with cochlear implants and children with typical hearing: Effects of length of language access
- 2022
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In: Journal of Communication Disorders. - : Elsevier. - 0021-9924 .- 1873-7994. ; 99
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PurposeKenett et al. (2013) report that the sematic networks, measured by using an oral semantic fluency task, of children with cochlear implants (CI) are less structured compared to the sematic networks of children with typical hearing (TH). This study aims to evaluate if such differences are only evident if children with CI are compared to children with TH matched on chronological age, or also if they are compared to children with TH matched on hearing age.MethodThe performance of a group of children with CI on a verbal fluency task was compared to the performance of a group of chronological-age matched children with TH. Subsequently, computational network analysis was used to compare the semantic network structure of the groups. The same procedure was applied to compare a group of children with CI to a group of hearing-age matched children with TH.ResultsThe children with CI perform on the same level on an oral semantic verbal fluency task as the children with TH matched on hearing age. There are significant differences in terms of the structure of the semantic network between the groups. The magnitude of these differences is very small and they are non-significant for a proportion of nodes included in the bootstrap analysis. This indicates that there is no true difference between the networks. Hearing age, but not age at implantation was found to be significantly positively correlated with semantic verbal fluency performance for the children with CI.ConclusionsThe results from the current study indicate that length of language exposure is an important factor for the structure of the semantic network and the performance on a semantic verbal fluency task for children with CI. Further studies are needed to explore the role of the accessibility of the language input for the development of semantic networks of children with CI.
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| 32. |
- Anesäter, Erik, et al.
(author)
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The influence on wound contraction and fluid evacuation of a rigid disc inserted to protect exposed organs during negative pressure wound therapy.
- 2011
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In: International Wound Journal. - 1742-481X. ; 8, s. 393-399
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The use of a rigid disc as a barrier between the wound bed and the wound filler during negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has been suggested to prevent damage to exposed organs. However, it is important to determine that the effects of NPWT, such as wound contraction and fluid removal, are maintained during treatment despite the use of a barrier. This study was performed to examine the effect of NPWT on wound contraction and fluid evacuation in the presence of a rigid disc. Peripheral wounds were created on the backs of eight pigs. The wounds were filled with foam, and rigid discs of different designs were inserted between the wound bed and the foam. Wound contraction and fluid evacuation were measured after application of continuous NPWT at -80 mmHg. Wound contraction was similar in the presence and the absence of a rigid disc (84 ± 4% and 83 ± 3%, respectively, compared with baseline). Furthermore, the rigid disc did not affect wound fluid removal compared with ordinary NPWT (e.g. after 120 seconds, 71 ± 4 ml was removed in the presence and 73 ± 3 ml was removed in the absence of a disc). This study shows that a rigid barrier may be placed under the wound filler to protect exposed structures during NPWT without affecting wound contraction and fluid removal, which are two crucial features of NPWT.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Brun, Arne, et al.
(author)
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The Birth and Early Evolution of the Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD) Concept.
- 2011
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In: Journal of Molecular Neuroscience : MN. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1559-1166 .- 0895-8696. ; 45, s. 324-329
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- An historical overview of the development of the concept of frontotemporal dementia is presented, regarding the last 30 years, using as a backbone the conferences held on this theme, with a start in 1986 in Lund, Sweden. Since then, a dramatic increase in research activities and publications has rapidly expanded our knowledge in this field, a step necessary for the ultimate goal to find an effective treatment of this devastating disorder.
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| 35. |
- Ranebo, Mats, 1970-
(author)
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Rotator Cuff Tears : Short- and long-term aspects on treatment outcome
- 2020
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Rotator cuff tear is a common disorder and there is a lack of knowledge of appropriate treatment and consequences of different treatment modalities. The overall aim of this thesis was to examine short- and long-term results of rotator cuff tear treatment.In Paper I we did a retrospective 21 to 25-year follow-up of a consecutive series of patients with partial and full-thickness rotator cuff tears, treated with acromioplasty without cuff repair. The cuff status had been documented in a specific perioperative protocol in all patients at the index operation. We did x-ray, ultrasonography and clinical scores with Constant score and Western Ontario Rotator Cuff index (WORC) at follow-up. We identified 111 patients with either a partial or a full-thickness tear, but at follow-up 21 were deceased and 11 were too ill from medical conditions unrelated to their shoulder. Out of the remaining 78 eligible patients, 69 were examined (follow-up rate 88 %) and they had a mean age at the index operation of 49 years (range 19-69 years). Forty-five had a partial tear and 24 a full-thickness tear at the index operation. At follow-up, 74% of patients with full-thickness tear had cuff tear arthropathy grade 2 or more according to the arthropathy classification of Hamada (grade 1 to 5) and 87% had developed tear progression (i.e. a larger tear). Corresponding numbers in those with a partial tear was 7 % arthropathy and 42 % tear progression, and the differences between the full-thickness group and the partial tear group was significant for both outcome measures (P<0.001 for both analyses). In those with arthropathy, the mean Constant score was 47 (standard deviation [SD], 23), the mean age and gender-adjusted Constant score 62 (SD, 27) and the mean WORC 58 % (SD, 26). Patients with a partial tear at follow-up had mean Constant score and WORC within the normal range. In multivariable analysis with logistic regression, having a full-thickness tear at the index operation was a risk factor for arthropathy (odds ratio [OR] 37.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 8.2-175.0) and for tear progression (OR 6.09; 95% CI, 1.41-26.29).In Paper II we examined the contralateral shoulder in the same patients as in paper I and with the same methodology. Sixty-one patients were examined and 38 had had a partial tear at the index operation 21-25 years ago and 23 a full-thickness tear. The overall rate of contralateral full-thickness tears was 50.8 %, which is higher than the 16-35 % rate found in previous studies of newly diagnosed cuff patients. The rate of contralateral full-thickness tear ranged from 13.6 % in patients with a partial tear in the index shoulder at follow-up, to 90 % in patients with a full-thickness tear and arthropathy in the index shoulder. There was a significant correlation regarding conditions between shoulders in the same patient, with a Spearman coefficient of 0.72 for the number of ten-dons with a full-thickness tear, 0.31 for Hamada grade of arthropathy and 0.65 for Constant score. The number of tendons with a full-thickness tear in the index shoulder at follow-up was a risk factor for a contralateral full-thickness tear (OR 3.28; 95% CI, 1.67-6.44) in a multi-variable logistic regression model. We also found that cuff tear arthropathy was significantly more common in patients who had undergone an acromioplasty (P<0.001), a finding which is not confirmatory but may generate a hypothesis.Paper III addressed 17 to 20-year results after operation with a synthetic interposition graft for irreparable cuff tears. We used X-ray, ultrasonography and clinical scores at follow-up. We identified a consecutive series of 13 patients, one of whom was deceased at follow-up. Ten of the remaining 12 participated in a complete follow-up and 2 did only x-ray examination. Nine out of 12 (75 %; 95% CI, 43-95 %) had cuff tear arthropathy Hamada grade 2 or more in the index shoulder at follow-up. The mean Constant score was 46 (SD, 26) and the mean WORC 59 % (SD, 20). Seven out of 12 had contralateral cuff tear arthropathy, and the difference in frequency of arthropathy between shoulders was not statistically significant (P=0.667).In Paper IV we tested whether early repair of small cuff tears, involving mainly supraspinatus, would give a superior clinical result com-pared to physiotherapy without repair in a prospective randomised trial with 12 months follow-up. We used Constant score as the primary out-come, and WORC, EQ-VAS and Numerical Rating Scale for pain (NRS) as secondary outcomes. We also aimed at assessing the rate of tear progression in unrepaired shoulders and the healing rate in repaired shoulders by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) performed at 12 months. With a high grade of follow-up (100 % for 12 months Constant score and 95 % for 12 months MRI), the repair group had a 12 months median Constant score of 83 (Quartile range [QR], 25) and the conservative group 78 (QR, 22). This between-group difference in medians of 4.5 (95% CI,-5 to 9; P=0.68) was not statistically significant and we did not detect any significant differences in the secondary outcomes at 12 months. The retear rate was 6.5 % in repaired patients and 29 % of unrepaired patients had a tear enlargement >5 mm.The results in this thesis indicate that patients with small, traumatic, full-thickness tears of mainly supraspinatus have no clinical benefit of early surgical repair compared to physiotherapy alone, but in the long-term, patients with full-thickness tears have an increased risk of tear progression, cuff tear arthropathy and low clinical scores. These results are especially important in the treatment decision of repair or not in younger patients. Having a full-thickness tear is also a risk factor for having a contralateral cuff tear, a phenomenon that underlines the importance of endogenous factors in the development of rotator cuff tears. If a cuff tear is not repairable to bone, the addition of a synthetic inter-position graft does not seem to prevent cuff tear arthropathy.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Axman, Erik, et al.
(author)
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Assessing the Validity and Cover Rate of the National Swedish Hernia Register
- 2021
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In: CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY. - : Dove Press. - 1179-1349. ; 13, s. 1129-1134
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aim: To assess the validity and cover rate of the Swedish hernia register. Material and Methods: Since the start of the Swedish Hernia register an annual review of randomly selected hospitals has been carried out, and since 2013 in a more standardized form to allow a systematic data collection and evaluation. 10% of all clinics were randomly selected each year in a specific region of Sweden, ensuring a systematic validation of all regions from north to south. Data from 2013 to 2018 were analyzed regarding data quality and from 2014 to 2018 regarding cover rate. All operations registered at the validated clinics were compared with the Swedish Hernia Register to assess cover rate. Fifty operations were randomly selected at each clinic and data in the Swedish Hernia register were compared with the medical records to evaluate data quality. Results: Fifty-five clinics was evaluated and a total of 73,764 variables were compared with the medical records. Cover rate between 2014 and 2018 was 97%. The proportion of correct variables was 98% between 2013 and 2018. Most frequent errors were ASA score, date at which the patient was put on the waiting list and postoperative complications. Conclusion: This unique validation of a national hernia register shows a high cover rate and good quality of data. Efforts to maintain and improve national registers are of great importance. Research with data from the Swedish hernia register should be evaluated on the basis of the results presented in this study.
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| 38. |
- Bhoo-Pathy, Nirmala, et al.
(author)
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Intake of Coffee, Decaffeinated Coffee, or Tea Does Not Affect Risk for Pancreatic Cancer : Results From the European Prospective Investigation into Nutrition and Cancer Study
- 2013
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In: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. - : Elsevier. - 1542-3565 .- 1542-7714. ; 11:11, s. 1486-1492
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND & AIMS: Few modifiable risk factors have been implicated in the etiology of pancreatic cancer. There is little evidence for the effects of caffeinated coffee, decaffeinated coffee, or tea intake on risk of pancreatic cancer. We investigated the association of total coffee, caffeinated coffee, decaffeinated coffee, and tea consumption with risk of pancreatic cancer.METHODS: This study was conducted within the European Prospective Investigation into Nutrition and Cancer cohort, comprising male and female participants from 10 European countries. Between 1992 and 2000, there were 477,312 participants without cancer who completed a dietary questionnaire, and were followed up to determine pancreatic cancer incidence. Coffee and tea intake was calibrated with a 24-hour dietary recall. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were computed using multivariable Cox regression.RESULTS: During a mean follow-up period of 11.6 y, 865 first incidences of pancreatic cancers were reported. When divided into fourths, neither total intake of coffee (HR, 1.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.83-1.27; high vs low intake), decaffeinated coffee (HR, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.76-1.63; high vs low intake), nor tea were associated with risk of pancreatic cancer (HR, 1.22, 95% CI, 0.95-1.56; high vs low intake). Moderately low intake of caffeinated coffee was associated with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer (HR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.02-1.74), compared with low intake. However, no graded dose response was observed, and the association attenuated after restriction to histologically confirmed pancreatic cancers.CONCLUSIONS: Based on an analysis of data from the European Prospective Investigation into Nutrition and Cancer cohort, total coffee, decaffeinated coffee, and tea consumption are not related to the risk of pancreatic cancer.
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| 39. |
- Carstam, Louise, et al.
(author)
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WHO Grade Loses Its Prognostic Value in Molecularly Defined Diffuse Lower-Grade Gliomas.
- 2021
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In: Frontiers in Oncology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2234-943X. ; 11
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: While molecular insights to diffuse lower-grade glioma (dLGG) have improved the basis for prognostication, most established clinical prognostic factors come from the pre-molecular era. For instance, WHO grade as a predictor for survival in dLGG with isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation has recently been questioned. We studied the prognostic role of WHO grade in molecularly defined subgroups and evaluated earlier used prognostic factors in the current molecular setting.Material and Methods: A total of 253 adults with morphological dLGG, consecutively included between 2007 and 2018, were assessed. IDH mutations, codeletion of chromosomal arms 1p/19q, and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A/B (CDKN2A/B) deletions were analyzed.Results: There was no survival benefit for patients with WHO grade 2 over grade 3 IDH-mut dLGG after exclusion of tumors with known CDKN2A/B homozygous deletion (n=157) (log-rank p=0.97). This was true also after stratification for oncological postoperative treatment and when astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas were analyzed separately. In IDH-mut astrocytomas, residual tumor volume after surgery was an independent prognostic factor for survival (HR 1.02; 95% CI 1.01-1.03; p=0.003), but not in oligodendrogliomas (HR 1.02; 95% CI 1.00-1.03; p=0.15). Preoperative tumor size was an independent predictor in both astrocytomas (HR 1.03; 95% CI 1.00-1.05; p=0.02) and oligodendrogliomas (HR 1.05; 95% CI 1.01-1.09; p=0.01). Age was not a significant prognostic factor in multivariable analyses (astrocytomas p=0.64, oligodendrogliomas p=0.08).Conclusion: Our findings suggest that WHO grade is not a robust prognostic factor in molecularly well-defined dLGG. Preoperative tumor size remained a prognostic factor in both IDH-mut astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas in our cohort, whereas residual tumor volume predicted prognosis in IDH-mut astrocytomas only. The age cutoffs for determining high risk in patients with IDH-mut dLGG from the pre-molecular era are not supported by our results.
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| 40. |
- Gómez Vecchio, Tomás, et al.
(author)
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Classification of Adverse Events Following Surgery in Patients With Diffuse Lower-Grade Gliomas
- 2021
-
In: Frontiers in Oncology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2234-943X. ; 11
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Recently, the Therapy-Disability-Neurology (TDN) was introduced as a multidimensional reporting system to detect adverse events in neurosurgery. The aim of this study was to compare the novel TDN score with the Landriel–Ibanez classification (LIC) grade in a large cohort of patients with diffuse lower-grade glioma (dLGG). Since the TDN score lacks validation against patient-reported outcomes, we described health-related quality of life (HRQoL) change in relation to TDN scores in a subset of patients.Methods: We screened adult patients with a surgically treated dLGG World Health Organization (WHO) grade 2 and 3 between 2010 and 2020. Up until 2017, it consists of a retrospective cohort (n = 158). From 2017 and onwards, HRQoL was registered using EuroQoL-5-dimension, three levels of response (EQ-5D 3L) questionnaire at baseline and 3 months follow-up, in a prospectively recruited cohort (n = 102). Both the LIC grade and TDN score were used to classify adverse events.Results: In total, 231 patients were included. In 110/231 (47.6%) of the surgical procedures, a postoperative complication was registered. When comparing the TDN score to LIC grades, only a minor shift towards complications of higher order could be observed. EQ-5D 3L was reported for 45 patients. Patients with complications related to surgery had pre- to postoperative changes in EQ-5D 3L index values (n = 27; mean 0.03, 95% CI −0.06 to 0.11) that were comparable to patients without complications (n = 18; mean −0.06, 95% CI −0.21 to 0.08). In contrast, patients with new-onset neurological deficit had a deterioration in HRQoL at follow-up, with a mean change in the EQ-5D 3L index value of 0.11 (n = 13, 95% CI 0.0 to 0.22) compared to −0.06 (n = 32, 95% CI −0.15 to 0.03) for all other patients.Conclusions: In patients with dLGG, TDN scores compared to the standard LIC tend to capture more adverse events of higher order. There was no clear relation between TDN severity and HRQoL. However, new-onset neurological deficit caused impairment in HRQoL. For the TDN score to better align with patient-reported outcomes, more emphasis on neurological deficit and function should be considered.
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