| 44641. |
- Franciskovic, Eric, et al.
(författare)
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Linear epitopes of bony fish β-parvalbumins
- 2024
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Immunology. - 1664-3224. ; 15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Fish β-parvalbumins are common targets of allergy-causing immunity. The nature of antibody responses to such allergens determines the biological outcome following exposure to fish. Specific epitopes on these allergens recognised by antibodies are incompletely characterised. Methods: High-content peptide microarrays offer a solution to the identification of linear epitopes recognised by antibodies. We characterized IgG and IgG4 recognition of linear epitopes of fish β-parvalbumins defined in the WHO/IUIS allergen database as such responses hold the potential to counter an allergic reaction to these allergens. Peripheral blood samples, collected over three years, of 15 atopic but not fish-allergic subjects were investigated using a microarray platform that carried every possible 16-mer peptide of known isoforms and isoallergens of these and other allergens. Results: Interindividual differences in epitope recognition patterns were observed. In contrast, reactivity patterns in a given individual were by comparison more stable during the 3 years-course of the study. Nevertheless, evidence of the induction of novel specificities over time was identified across multiple regions of the allergens. Particularly reactive epitopes were identified in the D helix of Cyp c 1 and in the C-terminus of Gad c 1 and Gad m 1.02. Residues important for the recognition of certain linear epitopes were identified. Patterns of differential recognition of isoallergens were observed in some subjects. Conclusions: Altogether, comprehensive analysis of antibody recognition of linear epitopes of multiple allergens enables characterisation of the nature of the antibody responses targeting this important set of food allergens.
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| 44642. |
- Franckaert, Dean, et al.
(författare)
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Premature thymic involution is independent of structural plasticity of the thymic stroma.
- 2015
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Ingår i: European journal of immunology. - : Wiley. - 1521-4141 .- 0014-2980. ; 45:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The thymus is the organ devoted to T-cell production. The thymus undergoes multiple rounds of atrophy and redevelopment before degenerating with age in a process known as involution. This process is poorly understood, despite the influence the phenomenon has on peripheral T-cell numbers. Here we have investigated the FVB/N mouse strain, which displays premature thymic involution. We find multiple architectural and cellular features that precede thymic involution, including disruption of the epithelial-endothelial relationship and a progressive loss of pro-T cells. The architectural features, reminiscent of the human thymus, are intrinsic to the non-hematopoietic compartment and are neither necessary nor sufficient for thymic involution. By contrast, the loss of pro-T cells is intrinsic to the hematopoietic compartment, and is sufficient to drive premature involution. These results identify pro-T-cell loss as the main driver of premature thymic involution, and highlight the plasticity of the thymic stroma, capable of maintaining function across diverse inter-strain architectures. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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| 44643. |
- Franklin, Alan B., et al.
(författare)
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Gulls as Sources of Environmental Contamination by Colistin-resistant Bacteria
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 2045-2322. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2015, the mcr-1 gene was discovered in Escherichia coli in domestic swine in China that conferred resistance to colistin, an antibiotic of last resort used in treating multi-drug resistant bacterial infections in humans. Since then, mcr-1 was found in other human and animal populations, including wild gulls. Because gulls could disseminate the mcr-1 gene, we conducted an experiment to assess whether gulls are readily colonized with mcr-1 positive E. coli, their shedding patterns, transmission among conspecifics, and environmental deposition. Shedding of mcr-1 E. coli by small gull flocks followed a lognormal curve and gulls shed one strain >10(1) log10 CFU/g in their feces for 16.4 days, which persisted in the environment for 29.3 days. Because gulls are mobile and can shed antimicrobial-resistant bacteria for extended periods, gulls may facilitate transmission of mcr-1 positive E. coli to humans and livestock through fecal contamination of water, public areas and agricultural operations.
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| 44644. |
- Frankowiack, Marcel, et al.
(författare)
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IgA deficiency in wolves from Canada and Scandinavia
- 2015
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Ingår i: Developmental and Comparative Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0145-305X .- 1879-0089. ; 50:1, s. 26-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Immunoglobulin A deficiency (IgAD) is the most common primary immunodeficiency in both humans and selected breeds of domestic dogs. In both species, IgAD is associated with recurrent infections and immune mediated diseases. Previous results imply that IgAD is also common in the wild ancestor of domestic dogs, the gray wolf. Here, we report that serum IgA concentrations are significantly different in Scandinavian and Canadian wolves (p =3.252e-15) with an increased prevalence for IgAD in Scandinavian wolves (60%), which is as high as those found in high-risk dog breeds.
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| 44645. |
- Franqueville, Laure, et al.
(författare)
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Protein crystals in Adenovirus type 5-infected cells: requirements for intranuclear crystallogenesis, structural and functional analysis.
- 2008
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 3:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intranuclear crystalline inclusions have been observed in the nucleus of epithelial cells infected with Adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) at late steps of the virus life cycle. Using immuno-electron microscopy and confocal microscopy of cells infected with various Ad5 recombinants modified in their penton base or fiber domains, we found that these inclusions represented crystals of penton capsomers, the heteromeric capsid protein formed of penton base and fiber subunits. The occurrence of protein crystals within the nucleus of infected cells required the integrity of the fiber knob and part of the shaft domain. In the knob domain, the region overlapping residues 489-492 in the FG loop was found to be essential for crystal formation. In the shaft, a large deletion of repeats 4 to 16 had no detrimental effect on crystal inclusions, whereas deletion of repeats 8 to 21 abolished crystal formation without altering the level of fiber protein expression. This suggested a crucial role of the five penultimate repeats in the crystallisation process. Chimeric pentons made of Ad5 penton base and fiber domains from different serotypes were analyzed with respect to crystal formation. No crystal was found when fiber consisted of shaft (S) from Ad5 and knob (K) from Ad3 (heterotypic S5-K3 fiber), but occurred with homotypic S3K3 fiber. However, less regular crystals were observed with homotypic S35-K35 fiber. TB5, a monoclonal antibody directed against the Ad5 fiber knob was found by immunofluorescence microscopy to react with high efficiency with the intranuclear protein crystals in situ. Data obtained with Ad fiber mutants indicated that the absence of crystalline inclusions correlated with a lower infectivity and/or lower yields of virus progeny, suggesting that the protein crystals might be involved in virion assembly. Thus, we propose that TB5 staining of Ad-infected 293 cells can be used as a prognostic assay for the viability and productivity of fiber-modified Ad5 vectors.
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| 44646. |
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| 44647. |
- Fransen, M. F., et al.
(författare)
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A Restricted Role for FcgammaR in the Regulation of Adaptive Immunity
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Immunology. - : The American Association of Immunologists. - 0022-1767 .- 1550-6606. ; 200:8, s. 2615-2626
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- By their interaction with IgG immune complexes, FcgammaR and complement link innate and adaptive immunity, showing functional redundancy. In complement-deficient mice, IgG downstream effector functions are often impaired, as well as adaptive immunity. Based on a variety of model systems using FcgammaR-knockout mice, it has been concluded that FcgammaRs are also key regulators of innate and adaptive immunity; however, several of the model systems underpinning these conclusions suffer from flawed experimental design. To address this issue, we generated a novel mouse model deficient for all FcgammaRs (FcgammaRI/II/III/IV(-/-) mice). These mice displayed normal development and lymphoid and myeloid ontogeny. Although IgG effector pathways were impaired, adaptive immune responses to a variety of challenges, including bacterial infection and IgG immune complexes, were not. Like FcgammaRIIb-deficient mice, FcgammaRI/II/III/IV(-/-) mice developed higher Ab titers but no autoantibodies. These observations indicate a redundant role for activating FcgammaRs in the modulation of the adaptive immune response in vivo. We conclude that FcgammaRs are downstream IgG effector molecules with a restricted role in the ontogeny and maintenance of the immune system, as well as the regulation of adaptive immunity.
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| 44648. |
- Fransén-Pettersson, Nina, et al.
(författare)
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A New Mouse Model That Spontaneously Develops Chronic Liver Inflammation and Fibrosis
- 2016
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Ingår i: Plos One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 11:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Here we characterize a new animal model that spontaneously develops chronic inflammation and fibrosis in multiple organs, the non-obese diabetic inflammation and fibrosis (N-IF) mouse. In the liver, the N-IF mouse displays inflammation and fibrosis particularly evident around portal tracts and central veins and accompanied with evidence of abnormal intrahepatic bile ducts. The extensive cellular infiltration consists mainly of macrophages, granulocytes, particularly eosinophils, and mast cells. This inflammatory syndrome is mediated by a transgenic population of natural killer T cells (NKT) induced in an immunodeficient NOD genetic background. The disease is transferrable to immunodeficient recipients, while polyclonal T cells from unaffected syngeneic donors can inhibit the disease phenotype. Because of the fibrotic component, early on-set, spontaneous nature and reproducibility, this novel mouse model provides a unique tool to gain further insight into the underlying mechanisms mediating transformation of chronic inflammation into fibrosis and to evaluate intervention protocols for treating conditions of fibrotic disorders.
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| 44649. |
- Fransén Pettersson, Nina, et al.
(författare)
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The immunomodulatory quinoline-3-carboxamide paquinimod reverses established fibrosis in a novel mouse model for liver fibrosis
- 2018
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 13:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Quinoline-3-carboxamides (Q substances) are small molecule compounds with anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we used one of these substances, Paquinimod, to treat a novel model for chronic liver inflammation and liver fibrosis, the NOD-Inflammation Fibrosis (N-IF) mouse. We show that treatment of N-IF mice significantly reduced inflammation and resulted in the regression of fibrosis, even when the treatment was initiated after onset of disease. The reduced disease phenotype was associated with a systemic decrease in the number and reduced activation of disease-promoting transgenic natural killer T (NKT)-II cells and their type 2-cytokine expression profile. Paquinimod treatment also led to a reduction of CD115+ Ly6Chi monocytes and CD11b+ F4/80+ CD206+ macrophages.
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| 44650. |
- Fransson, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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There is a paucity of economic evaluations of prediction methods of caries and periodontitis : A systematic review
- 2021
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Ingår i: Clinical and Experimental Dental Research. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2057-4347. ; 7:3, s. 385-398
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Direct cost for methods of prediction also named risk assessment in dentistry may be negligible compared with the cost of extensive constructions. On the other hand, as risk assessment is performed daily and for several patients in general dental practice, the costs may be considerable. The objective was to summarize evidence in studies of economic evaluation of prognostic prediction multivariable models and methods of caries and periodontitis and to identify knowledge gaps (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020149763). Material and methods: Four electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, NHS Economic Evaluation Database) and reference lists of included studies were searched. Titles and abstracts were screened by two reviewers in parallel. Full-text studies reporting resources used, costs and cost-effectiveness of prediction models and methods were selected and critically appraised using a protocol based on items from the CHEERS checklist for economic evaluations and the CHARMS checklist for evaluation of prediction studies. Results: From 38 selected studies, six studies on prediction fulfilled the eligibility criteria, four on caries and two on periodontitis. As the economic evaluations differed in method and perspective among the studies, the results could not be generalized. Our systematic review revealed methodological shortcomings regarding the description of predictive models and methods, and particularly of the economic evaluation. Conclusions: The systematic review highlighted a paucity of economic evaluations regarding methods or multivariable models for prediction of caries and periodontitis. Our results indicate that what we currently practice using models and methods to predict caries and periodontitis lacks evidence regarding cost-effectiveness.
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