| 2911. |
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| 2912. |
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| 2913. |
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| 2914. |
- Munthe, Christian, 1962
(författare)
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ntroduktion av PGD i Sverige i etisk belysning
- 1997
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Ingår i: 1st Swedish National Workshop on Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis, Sahlgrenska Universitetssjukhuset, Göteborg 1997..
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 2915. |
- Munthe, Christian, 1962
(författare)
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Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis: Ethical Aspects
- 2006
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Ingår i: Encyclopedia of Life Sciences. - Chichester, UK : John Wiley & Sons.
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In preimplantation genetic diagnosis, genetic traits of embryos are detected before the initiation of pregnancy. Although tampering with embryos is morally controversial, this procedure may seem to reduce ethical problems in prenatal diagnosis by offering the possibility of selecting offspring, on the basis of genetic information, more efficiently and without any need to consider abortion. However, counseling of patients becomes more complicated, and the procedure may seem to make the outside influence of their decisions easier to both achieve and justify. As a consequence, preimplantation genetic diagnosis raises concerns about the connection between the preselection of children on genetic grounds and the discrimination of disabled people. Moreover, it introduces the new ethical problem of whether or not the selection of future children on the basis of nonpathological traits should be acceptable practice.
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| 2916. |
- Munthe, Christian, 1962
(författare)
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Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis: Ethical Aspects
- 2007
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Ingår i: Encyclopedia of Life Sciences. - Chichester, UK : John Wiley & Sons. - 9780470066515
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In preimplantation genetic diagnosis, genetic traits of embryos are detected before the initiation of pregnancy. Although tampering with embryos is morally controversial, this procedure may seem to reduce ethical problems in prenatal diagnosis by offering the possibility of selecting offspring, on the basis of genetic information, more efficiently and without any need to consider abortion. However, counseling of patients becomes more complicated, and the procedure may seem to make the outside influence of their decisions easier to both achieve and justify. As a consequence, preimplantation genetic diagnosis raises concerns about the connection between the preselection of children on genetic grounds and the discrimination of disabled people. Moreover, it introduces the new ethical problem of whether or not the selection of future children on the basis of nonpathological traits should be acceptable practice.
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| 2917. |
- Munthe, Christian, 1962
(författare)
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Pure Selection. The Ethics of Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis and Choosing Children without Abortion
- 1999
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Preimplantation ge¬netic diagnosis (PGD) is taken to mark the starting-point of a new phase in human reproduction, where the possibility of choosing children on genetic grounds without having to resort to ethi¬cally controversial procedures (such as abortion) will grad¬ually increase. Ethical and political issues actu¬alised by this develop¬ment are addressed. The discussion touches upon issues regarding the moral status of em¬bryos and gametes, the moral import of respecting individual auton¬omy and its implications for the requirement of informed consent in health-care, the connec¬tion between sickness, dis¬ability and the value of life, the moral status of possible future people, and the connection between choosing children and eugenic policies of the past. Practical policy issues are adressed on the basis of this, as well as an empirical case-study of the intro¬duction of PGD in Sweden. The book ends up in a set of recommendations regarding the management of re¬search on, introduction and routine use of procedures for pure se¬lection, both within health care and from the point of view of society as a whole. It is argued that research on such procedures should be allowed and supported by society. However, tight restrictions regarding the clinical introduction of new procedures in this area is highly desirable. A rough model for implementing such re¬strictions is also pre¬sented. It is further asserted that, although reasons of economy and safety should limit the access to pure se¬lection, society should not apply any explicit restrictions based on ideasregarding how different traits affect a person’s quality of life. It is stressed that, in order to to avoid a re¬sur¬rection of eugenic policies of the past, the development in this field un¬der¬lines the need for continued and strengthen public support to the sick, dis¬abled and mentally retarded.
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| 2918. |
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| 2919. |
- Munthe, Christian, 1962
(författare)
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Selected Champions: Making Winners in the Age of Genetic Technology
- 2000
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Ingår i: Tamburrini, C M & Tännsjö, T (eds.), Values in Sport: Elitism, Nationalism, Gender Equality and the Scientific Manufacture of Winners. - London & New York : E & FN SPON. - 0419253602 ; , s. 217-231
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- One of the most lively current controversies within sports concerns those interventions with the human body (and mind) that are acceptable in a 'fair competition' and those that are not so acceptable. On the philosophical level, this issue actualises the more basic query regarding the underlying criteria for demarcation between acceptable and unacceptable interventions. Traditionally, the controversies in this field have regarded intake of achievement-enhancing substances (some, like water, are allowed; others, like steroids, are prohibited and yet others, like transfusion of one's own blood from a period of 'top shape', are controversial), but also peculiar forms of 'designed environment' in training (such as the 'low oxygen, low airpressure' house made so famous by the Norwegian cross-country skier Björn Dählie). In this paper I will take the discussion at least one step beyond these issues and consider the prospect of using various forms of gene technology in the making of winners in elite sports. The second section of the chapter describes various oportunities to use gene technology in sports. As will be evident, genetic interventions may proceed in very different ways, and it is not obvious that they can all be treated alike in the context of sports. In the third section, I discuss to what extent ideals and values within sports used to back up reasons for prohibiting doping may also be a basis for rejecting genetic interventions. My conclusion, summed up the last section, is that this may be plausible regarding some interventions, but not by a long way is it plausible regarding them all. In fact, genetic interventions in order to enhance athletic achievement in many ways seem to promote important values within sports! Moreover, even for those interventions which in theory may be classified as analogous to doping, in practice it will often be impossible to check whether or not an athlete has made use of them.
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| 2920. |
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