| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Arzel, Céline, et al.
(author)
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Time use, foraging behavior and microhabitat use in a temporary guild of spring-staging dabbling ducks (Anas spp.)
- 2004
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In: Ornis Fennica. - 0030-5685. - 0030-5685 ; 81:4, s. 157-168
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Dabbling ducks were studied on a eutrophic mid-flyway staging site in spring. Six species made up a temporary guild, in order of decreasing abundance they were: Teal (Anas crecca), Shoveler (A. clypeata), Mallard (A. platyrhynchos), Wigeon (A. penelope), Pintail (A. acuta), and Garganey (A. querquedula). Species richness and total abundance peaked around 20 April, whereas guild evenness was highest after the staging peak. Time use during the staging peak differed between the sexes in Mallard, but not in the other species. Mallard spent the least time foraging, whereas Shoveler and Teal foraged the most. Foraging behavior differed among species; i.e. Wigeon was mainly on land, Shoveler mainly fed from the water surface, whilst Mallard and Teal were more generalist. For the guild as a whole, shallow inshore areas were overused compared to offshore habitats. Microhabitat use of foraging birds differed among species; Pintail and Shoveler mainly fed in the offshore end of the habitat gradient, whereas Teal, Garganey, female Mallard, and especially Wigeon used shallow microhabitats. Teal and female Mallard had the highest overlap in microhabitat use, Shoveler and Wigeon had the least. Abundance of invertebrate prey was low during the staging peak, but increased sharply thereafter. This study indicates that eutrophic mid-flyway sites may offer less food to staging birds than do breeding lakes to which many of them are headed.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Asplund, Maria E., et al.
(author)
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Water column dynamics of Vibrio in relation to phytoplankton community composition and environmental conditions in a tropical coastal area
- 2011
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In: Environmental Microbiology. - 1462-2912 .- 1462-2920. ; 13:10, s. 2738-2751
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Vibrio abundance generally displays seasonal patterns. In temperate coastal areas, temperature and salinity influence Vibrio growth, whereas in tropical areas this pattern is not obvious. The present study assessed the dynamics of Vibrio in the Arabian Sea, 1-2 km off Mangalore on the south-west coast of India, during temporally separated periods. The two sampling periods were signified by oligotrophic conditions, and stable temperatures and salinity. Vibrio abundance was estimated by culture-independent techniques in relation to phytoplankton community composition and environmental variables. The results showed that the Vibrio density during December 2007 was 10- to 100-fold higher compared with the February-March 2008 period. High Vibrio abundance in December coincided with a diatom-dominated phytoplankton assemblage. A partial least squares (PLS) regression model indicated that diatom biomass was the primary predictor variable. Low nutrient levels suggested high water column turnover rate, which bacteria compensated for by using organic molecules leaking from phytoplankton. The abundance of potential Vibrio predators was low during both sampling periods; therefore it is suggested that resource supply from primary producers is more important than top-down control by predators.
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| 36. |
- Beery, Thomas, et al.
(author)
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From environmental connectedness to sustainable futures : topophilia and human affiliation with nature
- 2015
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In: European Human Behaviour and Evolution Association Annual Conference, University of Helsinki, March 29-April 1, 2015. ; , s. 57-58
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The objective of this study is to explore the co-evolutionary foundation for place-based human affiliation with nonhuman nature, and its potential to support sustainable development at the local level. In particular, we analyse the Topophilia Hypothesis, an expansion of the Biophilia Hypothesis which includes also non-living elements in the environment. Methods: The study represents a multidisciplinary conceptual analysis of how biological selection and cultural learning may have interacted during human evolution to promote adaptive mechanisms for human affiliation with nonhuman nature via specific place attachment. Results and Conclusions: The Biophilia Hypothesis has been one of the most important theories of human connectedness with nature, suggesting a genetically based inclination for human affiliation with the biological world. The Topophilia Hypothesis has extended the ideas of Biophilia to incorporate a broader conception of nonhuman nature and a co-evolutionary theory of genetic response and cultural learning. It also puts more emphasis on affiliation processes with the local environment. We propose that nurturing potential topophilic tendencies may be a useful method to promote sustainable development at the local level, and ultimately at the global level. Tendencies of local affiliation may also have implications for multifunctional landscape management, an important area within sustainability research, and we provide some examples of successful landscape management with a strong component of local engagement. Since human affiliation with nonhuman nature is considered an important dimension of environmental concern and support for pro-environmental attitudes, the Topophilia Hypothesis may provide a fruitful ground for a discourse within which scholars from many scientific fields, including human evolution and humanistic geography, can participate.
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| 37. |
- Beery, Thomas, et al.
(author)
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From environmental connectedness to sustainable futures : topophilia and human affiliation with nature
- 2015
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In: Sustainability. - 2071-1050. ; 7:7, s. 8837-8854
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Human affiliation with nonhuman nature is an important dimension of environmental concern and support for pro-environmental attitudes. A significant theory of human connectedness with nature, the Biophilia Hypothesis, suggests that there exists a genetically based inclination for human affiliation with the biological world. Both support and challenge to the Biophilia Hypothesis are abundant in the literature of environmental psychology. One response that both challenges and builds upon the Biophilia Hypothesis is the Topophilia Hypothesis. The Topophilia Hypothesis has extended the ideas of biophilia to incorporate a broader conception of nonhuman nature and a co-evolutionary theory of genetic response and cultural learning. While the Topophilia Hypothesis is a new idea, it is built upon long-standing scholarship from humanistic geography and theories in human evolution. The Topophilia Hypothesis expands previous theory and provides a multidisciplinary consideration of how biological selection and cultural learning may have interacted during human evolution to promote adaptive mechanisms for human affiliation with nonhuman nature via specific place attachment. Support for this possible co-evolutionary foundation for place-based human affiliation with nonhuman nature is explored from multiple vantage points. We raise the question of whether this affiliation may have implications for multifunctional landscape management. Ultimately, we propose that nurturing potential topophilic tendencies may be a useful method to promote sustainable efforts at the local level with implications for the global.
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| 38. |
- Beltrán-Pardo, Eliana, et al.
(author)
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Effects of ionizing radiation on embryos of the tardigrade Milnesium cf. tardigradum at different stages of development
- 2013
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In: PLOS ONE. - 1932-6203. ; 8:9, s. e72098-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Tardigrades represent one of the most desiccation and radiation tolerant animals on Earth, and several studies havedocumented their tolerance in the adult stage. Studies on tolerance during embryological stages are rare, but differentialeffects of desiccation and freezing on different developmental stages have been reported, as well as dose-dependent effectof gamma irradiation on tardigrade embryos. Here, we report a study evaluating the tolerance of eggs from theeutardigrade Milnesium cf. tardigradum to three doses of gamma radiation (50, 200 and 500 Gy) at the early, middle, andlate stage of development. We found that embryos of the middle and late developmental stages were tolerant to all doses,while eggs in the early developmental stage were tolerant only to a dose of 50 Gy, and showed a declining survival withhigher dose. We also observed a delay in development of irradiated eggs, suggesting that periods of DNA repair might havetaken place after irradiation induced damage. The delay was independent of dose for eggs irradiated in the middle and latestage, possibly indicating a fixed developmental schedule for repair after induced damage. These results show that thetolerance to radiation in tardigrade eggs changes in the course of their development. The mechanisms behind this patternare unknown, but may relate to changes in mitotic activities over the embryogenesis and/or to activation of responsemechanisms to damaged DNA in the course of development.
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| 39. |
- Betts, Bruce H, et al.
(author)
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Phobos LIFE (Living Interplanetary Flight Experiment).
- 2019
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In: Astrobiology. - 1531-1074 .- 1557-8070.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Planetary Society's Phobos Living Interplanetary Flight Experiment (Phobos LIFE) flew in the sample return capsule of the Russian Federal Space Agency's Phobos Grunt mission and was to have been a test of one aspect of the hypothesis that life can move between nearby planets within ejected rocks. Although the Phobos Grunt mission failed, we present here the scientific and engineering design and motivation of the Phobos LIFE experiment to assist with the scientific and engineering design of similar future experiments. Phobos LIFE flew selected organisms in a simulated meteoroid. The 34-month voyage would have been the first such test to occur in the high-radiation environment outside the protection of Earth's magnetosphere for more than a few days. The patented Phobos LIFE "biomodule" is an 88 g cylinder consisting of a titanium outer shell, several types of redundant seals, and 31 individual Delrin sample containers. Phobos LIFE contained 10 different organisms, representing all three domains of life, and one soil sample. The organisms are all very well characterized, most with sequenced genomes. Most are extremophiles, and most have flown in low Earth orbit. Upon return from space, the health and characteristics of organisms were to have been compared with controls that remained on Earth and have not yet been opened.
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| 40. |
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Bioblitz i Arkelstorp 16-17 augusti 2019
- 2020
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Editorial collection (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Arkelstorpsviken är den nordvästra delen av Oppmannasjön, som ären av Skånes största sjöar. Idén att genomföra en så kallad Bioblitzvid Arkelstorpsviken föddes under ett styrelsemöte i projektet "En viki Sjöriket Skåne" som är ett samarbete mellan Oppmanna Vånga Bygderåd och Högskolan Kristianstad. Projektets främsta syfte är att hitta en lösning på den kraftiga övergödningen i Arkelstorpsviken. Detta är ett ”Leader”-finansierat projekt, vilket innebär att stommen i projektetär lokal förankring. Det fanns röster i byn som kände att man gav området onödigt dåligt rykte genom att ständigt lyfta fram problemen med vattenstatusen i sjön. Under ett styrelsemöte 30 sep 2018 föddes iden att genom en Bioblitz lyfta fram de positiva värdena i och kring sjön. Den naturliga samarbetspartnern för detta projekt var forskningsmiljön MABH (Man & Biosphere Health) vid Högskolan Kristianstad,vars medlemmar tillsammans besitter en mycket bred biologisk kunskap.Med MABH i ryggen var alltså kompetensen säkrad för att genomföra en Bioblitz. Inbjudningar skickades ut till lokala naturorganisationerför att hitta ännu fler experter som kunde hjälpa till med särskilda artgrupper. Samtidigt jobbade man aktivt lokalt med att försöka engagera intresserad allmänhet. Inbjudningar och direktreklam skickades ut till samtliga hushåll med postadress Arkelstorp. I ett försök att synas genom mediebruset anordnades en tävling, som gick ut på att gissa antalet arter (taxa) som hittades under Bioblitzen. Två lokala företag ställde upp och första priset för den vuxna individ som gissade närmstvar en 3-rätters måltid på Bäckaskogs Slott. De yngre tävlande kunde vinna en kanotutflykt med familjen på Ivögården.
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