| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Gunnemyr, Per
(författare)
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Den fjärde kvadrantens dilemma : Kunskapsbedömning i en föränderlig historiekultur
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of this dissertation is to explore how history teachers in Swedish upper-secondary school perceive voluntary external tests in history. The study focuses on history teachers' perceptions of 1) the design of the tests, 2) the implementation of the tests, 3) the use of the tests and 4) the impact of the tests on their assessment practice. The overall aim is to investigate how historical culture, as it is expressed in the school subject of history, changes over time. The analytical focus for the study has been to explore the significance of knowledge assessment in general, and voluntary external tests in particular, for this change. The temporal focus for the study has been the 2011 Swedish school policy reforms manifested in the curriculum for upper-secondary school (Gy11).The theoretical framework combines theory of history didactics and theory of assessment. Historical culture and assessment culture are the central concepts of the study. The overall hypothesis of the study is that the relationship between the school's historical-cultural dimension and the assessment-cultural dimension contains a latent tension referred to as the dilemma of the fourth quadrant.The empirical material was collected from qualitative interviews with eight history teachers. The first sub-study included four teachers during the year 2009 who had used a voluntary external test named the History Teachers' Test (HLP). The second sub study included four teachers during the year 2016 who had used a voluntary external test named the Course Test in History (KP).The results show that history teachers perceive and handle the external tests in different ways. One possible interpretation of this difference is that the tests respond to different needs or problems. In the study, two such problem areas have emerged, the equivalence problem and the alignment problem. A conclusion based on the empirical results is that the HLP-teachers use the test results for a summative purpose to deal with an equivalence problem, while the KP-teachers use the test tools for a formative purpose to deal with an alignment problem. The results also show that there is strong a connection between the school's historical-cultural dimension and assessment-cultural dimension, manifested in the history teachers' different ways of perceiving and using voluntary external tests.
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| 13. |
- Hylén, Mia, 1975-
(författare)
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Pain in intensive care : assessments and patients’ experience
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the thesis was to translate, psychometrically test, and further develop the Behavioral Pain Scale for pain assessment in intensive care and to analyze if any other variables (besides the behavioral domains) could affect the pain assessments. Furthermore, the aim was to explore the patients’ experience of pain within the intensive care.The Behavioral Pain Scale (BPS), consisting of the domains “facial expression,” “upper limbs,” and “compliance with ventilator/vocalization,” was translated andculturally adapted into Swedish and psychometrically tested in a sample of 20 patients(study I). The instrument was then further developed within one of the domains and tested for inter-rater reliability, discriminant validity, and criterion validity (study II). The method for analysis in both study I and II was a method specifically developed for paired, ordered, and categorical data. To describe and analyze the process of pain assessment, a General Linear Mixed Model was used to investigate what variables, besides the behaviors, could be associated with the observers’ own assessment of the patients’ pain (study III). Further, the patients’ experiences of pain when being cared for in intensive care were explored (study IV) through interviews with 16 participants post intensive care. Qualitative thematic analysis with an inductive approach was used for the analysis.The first psychometric tests of the BPS (study I) showed inter-rater reliability with agreement of 85%. For the discriminant validity, all domains, except “compliance with ventilator,” indicated discriminant validity.Therefore, in study II, a developed domain of “breathing pattern” was tested alongside the original version. The BPS showed discriminant validity for both the original and the developed version and an inter-rater reliability with agreement of 76-80%. Wheninspecting the respective domains there was a difference in discriminant validity between the original domain of “compliance with ventilation” and the developed domain of “breathing pattern,” showing higher values on the scale for the developed domain during turning. For criterion validity, the BPS showed a higher sensitivity than the observers, who on the contrary had a higher specificity.The General Linear Mix Model (study III) showed that heart rate could be associated with the observers’ assessments of pain. For the behavioral signs, the result indicated that breathing pattern was most associated with the observers’ pain assessment, whilst facial expression did not show any impact on the observers’ assessments.The patients’ experiences of pain (study IV) in intensive care were described as generating a need for control; they experienced a lack of control when pain was present and continuously struggled to regain control. The experience of pain was not only related to the physical sensation but also to psychological and social aspects, along with the balance in the care given, which was important to the participants.In conclusion, the translated and developed version of the Swedish BPS showed promising psychometric results in assessing pain in the adult intensive care patients. Still, other signs, besides behavioral, is possibly used when pain assessing and therefore information about and training in pain assessment are needed to enhance the assessments that are made. Also, the patients’ own experiences highlight the importance of individualizing and adapting pain assessment and treatment to the needs of each patient. Making them a part of the team could enhance their feeling of control, thereby supporting them in facing the experience of pain.
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| 14. |
- Incel, Anil
(författare)
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Amino acid sequence and side chain specific synthetic receptors targeting protein phosphorylation
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Antibodies have become a critical component of many diagnostic assays and are used for therapeutic purposes. Nevertheless they often fail to meet the strict performance demands raised in industry and in the clinic (e.g. stability, reproducibility, selectivity, affinity). These issues are especially notable for assays targeting post translational modifications (PTM) of proteins (phosphorylation, glycosylation, sulfation etc.). Antibody-based technologies suffer from problems of a more general nature associated with the analytical use of biological receptors i.e.: i) limited stability requiring cold chain logistics, ii) high production costs, iii) batch to batch variability. The above emphasizes the need for alternative robust, reproducible and low cost “binders” and assays. The aim in this thesis is to design, develop and test molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) which were synthesized epitope and stoichiometric imprinting approaches targeting phosphorylation as a PTM. Protein phosphorylationis one of the most common PTM, which is based on covalent attachment of phosphate group to particular amino acids. Misregulation of phosphorylation process is found related with diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and neurodegeneration. MIPs are synthesized through copolymerization of functional monomers and crosslinkers in the presence of N- and C- terminal protected templates. The key recognition element employed in developed synthetic receptors was 1,3-diaryl urea functionalmonomer 1. This monomer is a potent hydrogen bond donor forming strong cyclichydrogen bonds with oxyanions. Amino acid sequence specific and side chain imprinted binders were prepared targeting phosphorylation on tyrosine (pTyr) and on histidine (pHis). pHis MIP-based approach is proposed as a solution to enrich pHis peptides in the presence of other phosphoesters such as phosphoserine (pSer) in complex mixture without pre-treatment like β-elimination. In pTyr, ZAP-70 (zeta associated 70 kDa protein), which is prognosticator for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and pTyr-sequence specific motif Src-SH2 domain were chosen as targets to evaluate regio- or stoichiometric selectivity performance of imprinted polymers. The synthesized polymers are used as effective enrichment tools for target phosphorylated peptides from complex mixture prior to mass spectrometry. Overall, the results demonstrate unique proteomics enrichment tools that link with personalized medicine relying on diagnostic coupled cancer treatment strategies based on kinase inhibitors.
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| 15. |
- Jankovskaja, Skaidre
(författare)
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Non-invasive monitoring of low molecular weight biomarkers relevant to skin inflammation and cancer
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Development of skin inflammation and cancer in viable epidermis and dermis involve slow molecular weight (LMW) metabolites. We hypothesize that these LMW compounds can be collected on the surface of the skin and used for non-invasive diagnostics of skin disorders. Keeping in mind that substantial transdermal penetrationis achieved only for molecules of < 500 Da, we focused on topical monitoring of LMW biomarkers. In this thesis we investigated non-invasive, topical methods for monitoring LMW biomarkers by relevant in vitro and in vivo experiments. The LMW biomarkers were:- reactive oxygen species (ROS), specifically, hydrogen peroxide, H2O2- amino acids and their derivatives, i.e., tryptophan (Trp), kynurenine (Kyn; a Trpderivative), phenylalanine (Phe), and tyrosine (Tyr; a Phe derivative).Initially, we have carried out in vitro experiments using dermatomed porcine skin and cell cultures. We characterized permeability of the biomarkers through skin and assessed methods of their monitoring. By using Prussian white particles, deposited on porcine skin, we demonstrated that hydrophilic biomarkers, such as H2O2, permeate the skin mainly through hair follicle pathways (Paper I). In paper II, we have showed that the enzymes transforming Trp to the inflammation and cancer biomarker Kyn, are expressed in the basal layer of epidermis. The magnitude of changes of the Trp/Kyn ratio in the cell culture model was assessed. In paper III, we have characterized Trp and Kyn permeability through skin in vitro, concluding that their permeabilities through stratum corneum are comparable. By in vivo experiments outlined in Paper IV, we have demonstrated the feasibility of topical, non-invasive sampling of Trp and Kyn, in relation to other amino acids. Kyn detection was compromised by its low abundance on the skin. In paper V, we performed a proof-of-concept study in vivo and confirmed that non-invasive sampling of Trp and amino acids of similar abundance, such as Phe and Tyr, is more robust. We concluded that Phe/Trp ratio might be equally good biomarker of skin disorders as a predicted Trp/Kyn ratio. Summarizing, the results of this thesis provide basic knowledge for deeper clinical studies of non-invasive, topical sampling of hydrophilic LMW biomarkers of skin inflammation and cancer.
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| 16. |
- Kallunki, Jenny, 1978-
(författare)
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Early Treatment of Class II Malocclusion With Excessive Overjet : evaluating oral health-related quality of life, randomised controlled trials on headgear activator treatment and costs
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Class II malocclusion with excessive overjet is one of the most common malocclusions among children and adolescents. In addition to increasing the risk for dental trauma, the malocclusion can also be related to bullying due to the prominent maxillary incisors. The treatment for a Class II malocclusion can be initiated at different ages and with different treatment strategies, but the treatment timing has often been, and still is, discussed within the orthodontic profession and literature. Research reports that an early treatment approach, initiated in mixed dentition and often including an additional phase of treatment in permanent dentition, reduces the incidence of dental trauma. Otherwise, no differences in treatment effects have yet been seen between treatment that is started early in mixed dentition or treatment initiated later in permanent dentition. During the last decades, there has been an increased focus on patient-reported outcomes within orthodontic research. The patient perspective and economic evaluations of performed treatment are areas where knowledge gaps can be found in the available research. This thesis is based on four studies. The studies were designed with high level of methodology and validity as a priority and with the objective to identify and address knowledge gaps related to the impact of Class II malocclusion with excessive overjet and a subsequent early treatment with headgear activator. Firstly, a systematic review addressing treatment effects was performed. This was followed by the implementation of two randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with the aims to evaluate treatment effects and self-perceived oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) as well as the cost associated with treatment. In addition, a clinical controlled trial was performed to assess the self-perceived OHRQoL for children with Class II malocclusion with excessive overjet, and compare to children with unilateral posterior crossbite or normal occlusion with no or mild orthodontic treatment need. The papers referred to in this thesis: Paper I. A systematic literature review performed to evaluate the evidence supporting early treatment (before the age of 10) of Class II malocclusion. The search included four data bases and spanned from January 1960 to October 2017. Paper II. A clinical controlled multicenter trial with the objective to investigate the OHRQoL among 9-year-old children in mixed dentition and to compare the self-perceived OHRQoL by the use of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ). Evaluation and comparisons were made for children with Class II malocclusion with excessive overjet (EO), children with unilateral posterior crossbite (UPC), and children with normal occlusion (NO) presenting with no or mild orthodontic treatment need. The sample consisted of 229 children, sourced from 19 Public Dental Service Clinics in Sweden and covering a range of demographic areas.A single centre RCT designed to evaluate the effects of headgear activator treatment and the associated costs forms the basis of the final two papers: Paper III. The effects of early headgear activator treatment was compared to an untreated control group. The sample consisted of 60 children presenting with a Class II malocclusion with excessive overjet. Primary outcome was the reduction of overjet and overbite as well as effects regarding oral health-related quality of life, lip closure, incidence of trauma, and skeletal changes.Paper IV. The costs and treatment effects of headgear activator treatment started in the mixed or late mixed dentition was registered and compared. The sample consisted of 51 children starting treatment at 9 or 11 years of age. The primary outcome measure was comparison of the treatment costs between the two groups. Secondary outcomes were comparisons of oral health-related quality of life, dental and skeletal treatment effects, lip closure, and trauma incidence. The following conclusions were drawn: There is medium to high level of evidence, depending on treatment appliance, that early treatment reduces overjet and improves antero-posterior skeletal relationship, but currently, insufficient evidence is available regarding the effects of early treatment on OHRQoL, incidence of trauma, soft tissue profile, or treatment-related costs. There is a knowledge gap with respect to long-term outcome and the stability of early treatment.Children with Class II malocclusion with excessive overjet report significantly lower self-perceived OHRQoL compared to children with unilateral posterior crossbite or normal occlusion, with the domains of social and emotional well-being being most affected. The children in all three groups reported generally low CPQ scores, which implies an overall fairly good self-perceived OHRQoL.Early treatment with headgear activator was successful in reducing overjet and correcting molar relationship. Early treatment did not result in any significant difference regarding self-reported OHRQoL, lip closure, or incidence of trauma when compared to the untreated control group.The costs associated with headgear activator treatment, as well as the treatment effects, were equivalent regardless of whether treatment was started at 9 or 11 years of age. The most pronounced treatment effects were reduction of overjet and correction of molar relationship, whereas the treatment effects regarding OHRQoL, lip closure, and trauma incidences were found to be modest.With costs and treatment effects being equivalent, an early treatment approach can be advocated to enhance trauma prevention.
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| 17. |
- Lembrér, Dorota, 1979-
(författare)
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Sociocultural influences on parents’ views about mathematics education for young children
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis investigates parents’ views on mathematics education for young children at home and in Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) institutions in Sweden and Norway. The curricula documents for ECEC highlight the importance of collaboration between teachers and parents for children’s learning and development. However, the views of parents on the education of young children are seldom explored in research. The assumption that parents and other family members can contribute to children’s mathematics education is a fundamental assumption in the current project. The narratives of parents of their experiences with young children in mathematics education were analysed to identify answers to the following overarching research questions. how can parents’ views on mathematics activities for young children be identified? what do parents’ value in mathematics education for young children? and what might influence parents’ views on mathematics education? Parents’ views were investigated by collecting data from online surveys of Polish parents living in Sweden and through photo-elicitation focus group interviews with Norwegian parents. The narratives that were produced from these two data collections provided different insights into parents’ views on mathematics education for young children which have to do with the relationship between parents’ individual views and wider societal views. The findings indicate that counting was viewed as important for young children, and everyday life experiences were considered an appropriate means of introducing them to mathematical ideas. Many of the parents emphasised their role in children’s mathematics learning and its impact on how the children engaged with mathematics at home. The findings also indicate that parents’ views on mathematics education are influenced by wider societal expectations connected to ECEC pedagogical practices in mathematics education. The implications of this research include an understanding of the kinds of opportunities there are for parents to contribute to the introduction of mathematics education to ECEC. Nevertheless, the research results also show that collaboration vibetween parents and teachers can be challenging because of the different nature of their roles. Consequently, one outcome of this research is the identification of a need for further research into the complexity of collaboration as this relates to the negotiation of different understandings of pedagogy, mathematics and roles and responsibilities in children’s learning of mathematics.
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| 18. |
- Lidström, Isak, 1988-
(författare)
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På skidor i kulturella gränsland : Samiska spår i skidsportens historia
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this compilation thesis is to shed light on the Sámi history of ski sport in Sweden from an organizational and cultural history perspective where concepts like nation and ethnicity fill an important function. The Sámi are an indigenous people living in Sápmi, a land area extending across the North Calotte region and including parts of Norway, Sweden, Finland and Russia. The thesis contains six separate articles which together comprise a research period extending between 1879 and 1990. The articles have been studied from different points of view with the focus on how skis as sport equipment have been historically charged with cultural expressions created by the individual skiers as well as by the general public’s interest in skiing. These cultural expressions have also been internalized as collective identification objects positioning the mutual relations between groups and collectives. By historical links to kings, heroic myths and polar expeditions, the sport of skiing has, for example, become associated with a national Swedish identity. By pinpointing its Sámi origins in the light of history, the ski sport is in this thesis instead viewed as a culturally heterogeneous phenomenon. In three of the articles of the thesis, the Sámi history of Swedish ski sport is studied. The focus of these studies lies on how ”Sáminess” and ”Swedishness”, viewed as cultural identities, were constructed in connection with the early rise and development of ski sport from the late 19th century to the interwar period (Articles I and II) as well as with the sporting career of downhill skier Bengt-Erik Grahn in the 1960s (Article V). The studies illustrate that, at its rise and early development, cross-country skiing in Sweden was regarded as a Sámi sport. In the early 20th century, however, an ethnic borderline was created between what was Sámi and what was Swedish, which gradually invisibilized the Sámi link to ski sport. Instead, cross-country skiing acquired the inofficial character of being the Swedish national sport. The three remaining studies investigate the separately organized Sámi sport movement from its rise in 1948 through the year 1990 (Articles III, IV and VI). The origin of this movement derives from the Sámi Championships, a winter event whose original contests include skiing and other sports with a background in reindeer husbandry. The articles clarify the importance of ski sport in creating contrastive ethnic identities between Sáminess and Swedishness (Articles I–V). Similarly, these constructed cultural markers of Sáminess and Swedishness have been interwoven to symbolize an overarching ethnic national identity (Articles IV–V). In addition, the way ski sport has been operated within the separately organized Sámi sport movement has carried weight in the creation of Sápmi as a crossborder nation (Article VI).
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| 19. |
- Mashreghi, Sepandarmaz
(författare)
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Decolonial re-existence and sports : stories of Afghan youth in Sweden
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the context of sports and migration, research within policy-driven themes (i.e., integration) have consistently flattened out the migrants’ experiences, meanings and understandings of sports and physical activity to make sense for and from Euro-centric perspectives and framings. Thus, muting other relevant, alternative and already existing ways of living sports and physical activity. Critical sports studies, on the other hand, have demonstrated that sports (and physical activity) remain a contested domain where various human experiences are negotiated and remade along the intersecting lines of class, gender, sexuality, race, ethnicity, legal status and (dis)ability. The aim in this study has been to work within a decolonial framework to demonstrate how migrant youth in Sweden navigate, experience, challenge and generate knowledge in relation to physical activity and sports.Doing decolonial research in sports studies means delinking from Eurocentric thought and epistemology in order to uncover alternative forms of physical culture and practice that generate different meanings to that of the (Western) hegemonic discourse. To do this, we, the youth and I, have worked and researched together within the framework of participatory art-based action research and our shared Khorasani epistemology. This means that the coresearchers have been active participants in generating research material, analysing the material and disseminating the generated knowledge. Grounded in Indigenous, borderland, Chicana and Black feminist knowldeges as well decolonial thought, this thesis contributes both theoretically and methodologically to the field of sport and exercise in relation to young asylum seekers and migration research. The participatory analysis demonstrates that for the Afghan youth in this study sport and physical activity was not a distinct entity, rather it was intertwined with various aspects of their lives, such as their experiences of child labour, pleasures, hopes for the future, leisure, social and mental aspects, and migration experiences. Furthermore, the youth revealed that despite various forms of oppression, trauma and hardship, they constantly returned, or rather, reclaimed life and future in their acts of self-reflection, friendship, love and hope within the context of sport and life. They, thus, moved beyond the mere resistance of the precarities in their lives to bring about a re-existence. The findings of this thesis also highlight the affordances and limitations of participatory methods, art-based research and decolonising work. Although the participatory methods grounded in the epistemology of the youth (and myself), allowed us to reclaim and tell our stories in our ways, they fell short in making lasting systemic transformations. These limitations also give rise to new questions and possibilities for future research in relation to how change and transformation are defined and researched; and whether these definitions are somewhat limiting and influenced by the colonial rhetoric of salvation underlining participatory action research basic principles of empowerment and critical consciousness.
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| 20. |
- Mavliutova, Liliia
(författare)
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Moleculary imprinted micro- and nanoparticles for cancer associated glycan motifs
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sialic acids are an important family of monosaccharides that are typically found as terminal moieties of glycans. Aberrant sialylation has been proven to correlate with various diseases including cancer. Glycosylation analysis is complex due to high diversityof the glycan isomers and their low abundance. Antibodies and lectins are commonly used in glycan purification and enrichment. However, high cost, poor availability, and limitation in storage/testing conditions hinders their application on a broader scale. This thesis is focused on the development of alternative glycan specific receptors with their potential applications in glycomics and cell imaging. The underlying technique for producing the synthetic receptors is molecular imprinting. Highly complementary binding sites are formed by fixing pre-ordered template/functional monomer complexes into a highly crosslinked polymer matrix. Fundamental investigation of this intermolecular imprinting approach in the imprinting of glycosylated targets is reported here. The core of this study focuses on the elucidation of relative contribution of orthogonally interacting functional monomers, their structural tuning and the importance of monomer, solvent and counterion choice on the imprinting. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are developed as particles of different sizes for glycan/glycopeptide enrichment applications or combined with fluorescent reportergroups for use as glycan imaging nanolabels. Special attention is given to the improvement of sialic acid MIP selectivities toward particular structures associated with cancer biomarkers. Development of MIPs against such complex targets includes design of linkage selective MIPs with comprehensive studies of the affinities and selectivities of the final glycan specific materials.
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