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  • Resultat 1-10 av 12340
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1.
  • Lindström, Therese, 1976- (författare)
  • The history of the concept of grammaticalisation
  • 2004
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The present thesis discusses the history and meaning of the term and concept called grammaticalisation. Linguists usually ascribe the coinage of the term grammaticalisation to Antoine Meillet (1866-1936), who allegedly played a vital role in the history of grammaticalisation. It is also widely acknowledged that grammaticalisation was in some way 'revived' during the 1970s, and that Talmy Givón had an important role in this, as demonstrated by the popularity of the saying 'Today’s morphology is yesterday’s syntax' (taken from one of his articles). I show that Meillet wrote little about grammaticalisation and that he hardly ever used this word, and possibly did not mean for it to be viewed as a term / label. Moreover, the paper in question (Meillet, 1912) is basically a general introduction to a concept which he sees as a continuation of a notion with a long history. In addition, I prove that there are no clear links between Meillet and Givón’s work in the early 1970s. Despite the general acceptance that Meillet coined grammaticalisation, my thesis proves that it could have been coined more than once, and that it does not always mean the same thing to all users. I show that sometimes the term is accompanied by examples which others have used to illustrate lexicalisation, a term which some employ for a process that is seen as the opposite of grammaticalisation. I therefore advocate careful use of our definitions of terminology and concepts, and insist that we should define our notions, instead of letting examples do the work of illustration and definition. Finally, I question whether it is true that grammaticalisation is unidirectional. I research the history of the view that grammaticalisation is a unidirectional process. Grammatical relations can be expressed by different means – e.g. word order, content words becoming grammatical markers, or parts of words being given a function. I believe all these should be compared, in order to improve our knowledge of how languages change and why. I claim that they all represent sub-processes of a superordinate category which I have labelled supergrammaticalisation.
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2.
  • Marttinen Larsson, Matti, 1992- (författare)
  • Mood swings and the concomitant developments that set the stage for change : on the diachrony of indicative/subjunctive alternation in two varieties of Spanish
  • Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This study deals with mood variability in Spanish and addresses two oft-debated issues. Firstly, do semantic or non-semantic effects best predict mood selection? Secondly, is the Spanish subjunctive disappearing? Focusing on epistemic adverbials of doubt and probability, over 7,000 occurrences of variable mood selection in Argentinian and Mexican Spanish from between the 1850s and 2001 were analyzed using Bayesian mixed-effects logistic regression. Both semantic (epistemic adverbial, aspect, presence of modal auxiliaries, and polarity) and non-semantic (distance between the matrix and the verb, conditional probability of the verb infinitive and of the verb form, and morphological similarity) predictors were analyzed in interaction with real time and variety. The results showed that while both semantics and non-semantics constrain mood selection, the effect of semantics is more limited in terms of scope. Moreover, it is shown that subjunctive usage and productivity have increased over time. I argue that in both varieties change is attributable to concomitant developments in the system of the epistemic adverbials themselves. Importantly, the mapping out of these concomitant changes differs between the two varieties. The developments undergone by the adverbial matrices not only set the stage for change in subjunctive usage, but also bring about cross-varietal divergence in the actualization of change.
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3.
  • Abrahamsson, Niclas (författare)
  • Andraspråksinlärning
  • 2009
  • Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Denna grundbok belyser fenomenet, ämnet och forskningsfältet andraspråksinlärning. Med utgångspunkt i 1960-talets brytning med behavioristisk inlärningspsykologi och kontrastiv språkanalys diskuteras de mest centrala frågeställningarna inom den därefter följande moderna, mentalistiskt orienterade andraspråksforskningen. I bokens tio kapitel presenteras de huvudsakliga empiriska upptäckterna och teorierna om andraspråkets utveckling och variation, dess kognition, processning och universella egenskaper, liksom inflödets, interaktionens och undervisningens roll, effekter av sociala och individuella skillnader samt modersmålets inverkan. Många exempel ges från studier av svenska som andraspråk. Boken avslutas med en termordlista med förklaringar till centrala begrepp inom fältet. Boken vänder sig främst till universitetsstuderande på grundnivå i ämnen som tvåspråkighet, svenska och nordiska språk samt till blivande och verksamma lärare i svenska som andraspråk och modersmålssvenska.
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5.
  • Abrahamsson, Niclas, 1968- (författare)
  • Development and recoverability of L2 codas : A longitudinal study of Chinese/Swedish interphonology
  • 2003
  • Ingår i: Studies in Second Language Acquisition. - 0272-2631 .- 1470-1545. ; 25:3, s. 313-349
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This study deals with the development and recoverability of word-final codas in Chinese-Swedish interlanguage. The relation between consonant deletion and vowel epenthesis is investigated from both a developmental perspective and a grammatical-functional one. Longitudinal, conversational data from three Chinese beginner learners of Swedish were analyzed. First, it is shown that for these learners the acquisition of Swedish codas was U-shaped rather than linear such that they exhibited relatively high accuracy rates at early stages, lower accuracy rates at later stages, and again high accuracy rates at more advanced stages. It is also demonstrated that the epenthesis-deletion differential is closely related to second language proficiency in that the proportion of epenthesis to deletion errors increases over time. Furthermore, the data show that word-final codas that are relatively important for the retention of semantically relevant information generate lower overall frequencies of simplification and greater epenthesis-deletion proportions than codas containing information that is relatively recoverable from other segments or features in the context.
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