| 1. |
- Brodin, Håkan, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Bond Coat Influence on TBC Life
- 2002
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Ingår i: Turbin Forum, Advanced Coatings for High Temperatures,2002.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Brodin, Håkan, 1969-
(författare)
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Failure of thermal barrier coatings under thermal and mechanical fatigue loading : microstructural observations and modelling aspects
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Industrial and air-borne gas turbine hot components suffer from creep, oxidation, corrosion and microstructural degradation if not shielded from the hot and aggressive combustion gases. Two major strategies commercially available are adopted; film cooling by pressurised air and application of protective coatings. Protective coatings form a slow-growing oxide that protects from oxidation and corrosion. By application of a thermal insulator, a thermal barrier coating, the material will be protected from high temperature through good insulation properties of the coating system.If thermal barrier coatings are to be used in situations where capabilities and possibilities for inspections are limited, better knowledge of the fatigue properties of the coatings is also needed. Therefore development of a reliable fatigue life model is needed. The present work aims at serving as a basis from which a general physically founded thermal barrier coating life model can be formulated. The effects of exposure to high temperatures and mechanical loads on thermal barrier coatings under service like conditions have been investigated in the present thesis. Emphasis is put on the coupling between materials science and solid mechanics approaches in order to establish a better knowledge concerning degradation mechanisms and fatigue life issues than what is common if only one discipline is explored.Investigations of material exposed to isothermal oxidation and thermal cyclic fatigue were performed on plasma-sprayed systems with NiCoCrAIY or NiCrAIY bond coats and yttria partially stabilised zirconia top coats. It has been shown that the thermally grown oxide that will form upon high temperature exposure influences the failure behaviour. If the oxide is composed mainly of alumina, the fatigue properties are good since the adhesion between the ceramic top coat and the metallic bond coat is good. This is also shown in a comparison between different plasma sprayed thermal barrier coating systems. If the oxide formed is based on alurnina and spinel is avoided the fatigue properties benefit from a relatively flat interface where out-of plane stresses are low in comparison to a rough interface between top- and bond coat. These findings indicate that the bonding in air-plasma sprayed systems is dependent on so called chemical bonding if the thermally grown oxide is not voluminous with high growth stresses.It is possible to establish a fatigue life model for thermal barrier coatings. This has been shown with a model based on a modified Paris law formulation. The formulation needs to be modified with regards to mode rnixity of growth. Results achieved in the present project show that it is possible to extract crack growth data for interfacial crack growth. However a combination of mechanical testing and finite element modelling is needed since the load situation in critical areas cannot be measured. Crack growth results are presented and crack growth data are compared to predictions with good agreement.
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| 3. |
- Calmfors, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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What should fiscal councils do?
- 2011
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Ingår i: Economic Policy. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0266-4658 .- 1468-0327. ; 26:68, s. 649-695
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fiscal watchdogs, so-called fiscal councils, have been proposed as a method to counter deficit bias of fiscal policy. The paper analyses theoretically what role fiscal councils could play and surveys empirically the activities of existing councils. Case studies of the Swedish Fiscal Policy Council and the UK Office for Budget Responsibility are done. It is concluded that fiscal councils should be advisory, rather than decision-making, and work as complements, rather than substitutes, to fiscal rules. Although no panacea, fiscal councils could play a useful role by at the same time strengthening fiscal discipline and allowing rules-based fiscal policy to be more flexible. A key issue is their political fragility and how their long-run viability should be secured. Three ways of guaranteeing their independence are suggested: (1) reputation-building; (2) formal national rules; and (3) international monitoring.
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| 4. |
- Calmfors, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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”Ökad lönespridning sänkte den tyska arbetslösheten”
- 2016
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Ingår i: Dagens Nyheter. - 1101-2447. ; :2016-04-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Ny utvärdering. Den tyska utvecklingen sedan millennieskiftet ger stöd för att lägre ingångslöner för nyinträdande på den svenska arbetsmarknaden bör leda till högre och jämnare fördelning av sysselsättningen. Men det kräver en vilja till radikalt omtänkande på den fackliga sidan, skriver Arbetsmarknadsekonomiska rådet.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Calming, Ulrika
(författare)
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Langerhans cell histiocytosis : detection, monitoring and pathophysiology
- 2002
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disease that may occur at any age but mainly affects children. Clonally expanded Langerhans cells together with lymphocytes, eosinophils and macrophages form destructive granulomatous lesions in many various organs. The etiology and pathophysiology of the disease still remain elusive. The clinical course is unpredictable, varying from spontaneous regression and resolution to repeated recurrences and progression, leading to death. In children with localized disease the prognosis is favourable but with multiple organ involvement there is a great risk of permanent disabilities and poor outcome. There is thus a need for sensitive and specific methods to detect and monitor disease activity to enable optimal tuning of treatment. In addition, there is a requirement for improved understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease in order to develop novel therapeutic approaches. This thesis focuses on defining ways of monitoring disease activity, on applying new methods detecting LCH lesions and on trying to reveal novel pathogenetic mechanisms in LCH. Since LCH may be a remitting disease, easily accessible indicators of disease activity are highly desirable. The usefulness of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and platelet counts has been evaluated and both these parameters correlated with disease activity. With the aim to improve radiological imaging in LCH, two new methods for detection of LCH lesions have been assessed. Both positron emission tomography (PET) for imaging CNS lesions and somatostatin analogue scintigraphy (Octreoscan®) for whole body examination, may provide information about the disease activity not revealed by conventional morphological investigations. It has previously been shown that cells in LCH lesions produce numerous cytokines, but the phenotypes of producer cells have not been distinctly identified. An immunohistochemical method enabling a discrimination between cytokine-producing and cytokine-binding cells has now been utilized to study IL-11, LIF and TNF production at a protein level in cytospin preparations from LCH lesions. A majority of examined specimens revealed synthesis of IL11 and LIF in lesional Langerhans cells. TNF production could be detected in Langerhans cells in all studied samples. These observations indicate that IL-1 1, LIF and TNF are involved in the disease process, possibly mediating systemic symptoms, osteolytic activity, increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate and thrombocytosis. Successful therapeutic targeting of TNF in one child with severe LCH was achieved using soluble TNF receptor fusion protein. These results support an important role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of LCH and advocate cytokine neutralization as an additional therapy in severe LCH.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Chai, Guocai
(författare)
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Analysis of microdamage in a nickel-base alloy during very high cycle fatigue
- 2016
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Ingår i: Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures. - : WILEY-BLACKWELL. - 8756-758X .- 1460-2695. ; 39:6, s. 712-721
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fatigue damage in a metallic material during very high cycle fatigue can strongly be correlated to the microstructure. This paper provides a review and a discussion on the micro damage behaviours in a nickel-base alloy during very high cycle fatigue using microplasticity and material mechanics. The results show that cyclic plastic deformation in this material can occur very locally even with an applied stress that is much lower than the yield strength. The fatigue damage occurs mainly at grain or twin boundaries because of local impingement and interaction of slip bands and these boundaries. The crystallographic properties, Schmid factors and orientations of grain and boundaries play very important roles to the fatigue damage. Subsurface fatigue crack initiation in the matrix is one of very high cycle fatigue mechanisms. Twinning and detwinning can also occur during the very high cycle fatigue process.
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| 9. |
- Chen, Ziqing, et al.
(författare)
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Current applications of antibody microarrays
- 2018
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Ingår i: Clinical Proteomics. - : BioMed Central. - 1542-6416 .- 1559-0275. ; 15
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The concept of antibody microarrays is one of the most versatile approaches within multiplexed immunoassay technologies. These types of arrays have increasingly become an attractive tool for the exploratory detection and study of protein abundance, function, pathways, and potential drug targets. Due to the properties of the antibody microarrays and their potential use in basic research and clinical analytics, various types of antibody microarrays have already been developed. In spite of the growing number of studies utilizing this technique, few reviews about antibody microarray technology have been presented to reflect the quality and future uses of the generated data. In this review, we provide a summary of the recent applications of antibody microarray techniques in basic biology and clinical studies, providing insights into the current trends and future of protein analysis.
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| 10. |
- Eriksson, Roger, et al.
(författare)
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Adapting Genetic Regulatory Models by Genetic Programming
- 2004
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Ingår i: Biosystems (Amsterdam. Print). - : Elsevier. - 0303-2647 .- 1872-8324. ; 76:1-3, s. 217-227
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we focus on the task of adapting genetic regulatory models based on gene expression data from microarrays. Our approach aims at automatic revision of qualitative regulatory models to improve their fit to expression data. We describe a type of regulatory model designed for this purpose, a method for predicting the quality of such models, and a method for adapting the models by means of genetic programming. We also report experimental results highlighting the ability of the methods to infer models on a number of artificial data sets. In closing, we contrast our results with those of alternative methods, after which we give some suggestions for future work.
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