| 1. |
- Lee, J. S., et al.
(författare)
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Cross-cultural insights into Korean and Swedish secondary school students' willingness to communicate in a second language
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0143-4632 .- 1747-7557. ; 42:6, s. 522-536
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although there have been several comparative studies of willingness to communicate in a first language (L1 WTC), there is a dearth of comparative research on L2 WTC, especially between groups with distinct cultural and educational backgrounds. This study synthesises the L2 motivational self system (ideal L2 self and ought-to L2 self) and attitudes toward English accents to see how they are linked with L2 WTC between Korean (n = 382) and Swedish (n = 144) secondary students (aged 16-19 years) using a cross-culturally valid and reliable instrument. After controlling for demographic factors, hierarchical regression analyses were conducted separately in two samples. Results revealed that ideal L2 self, ought-to L2 self, and attitudes toward English accents were significantly predictive of Koreans' L2 WTC, while only ideal L2 self predicted Swedish' L2 WTC. It suggests that Korean and Swedish students, who hold vivid ideal L2 self-images, tend to initiate English communication in the classroom. However, Korean students, who study English to meet others' expectations and hold positive attitudes toward diverse English accents (including their own), are likely to initiate communication in English. These results inform context-specific pedagogical implications, and suggest novel future research directions.
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| 2. |
- Munir, Arooj, et al.
(författare)
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Efficacy of copolymer scaffolds delivering human demineralised dentine matrix for bone regeneration
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Tissue Engineering. - : SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC. - 2041-7314. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Poly(L-lactide-co-epsilon-caprolactone) scaffolds were functionalised by 10 or 20 mu g/mL of human demineralised dentine matrix. Release kinetics up to 21 days and their osteogenic potential on human bone marrow stromal cells after 7 and 21 days were studied. A total of 390 proteins were identified by mass spectrometry. Bone regeneration proteins showed initial burst of release. Human bone marrow stromal cells were cultured on scaffolds physisorbed with 20 mu g/mL and cultured in basal medium (DDM group) or physisorbed and cultured in osteogenic medium or cultured on non-functionalised scaffolds in osteogenic medium. The human bone marrow stromal cells proliferated less in demineralised dentine matrix group and activated ERK/1/2 after both time points. Cells on DDM group showed highest expression of IL-6 and IL-8 at 7 days and expressed higher collagen type 1 alpha 2, SPP1 and bone morphogenetic protein-2 until 21 days. Extracellular protein revealed higher collagen type 1 and bone morphogenetic protein-2 at 21 days in demineralised dentine matrix group. Cells on DDM group showed signs of mineralisation. The functionalised scaffolds were able to stimulate osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow stromal cells.
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| 3. |
- Brynolf, Selma, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Electrofuels for the transport sector: A review of production costs
- 2018
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Ingår i: Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-0690 .- 1364-0321. ; 81:2, s. 1887-1905
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electrofuels (also called power-to-gas/liquids/fuels or synthetic fuels) are potential future carbon-based fuelsproduced from carbon dioxide (CO2) and water using electricity as the primary source of energy. This articleassesses the production cost of electrofuels through: (i) a literature review, focusing on which steps that have thelargest impact as well as the greatest uncertainty; (ii) a more comprehensive review, including the costs andefficiencies for the separate production steps, and (iii) calculations to compare the production costs of thedifferent fuel options in a harmonized way, including a sensitivity analysis of the parameters with the greatestimpact on the total electrofuel production cost. The assessment covers: methane, methanol, dimethyl ether,diesel, and gasoline. The literature review showed large differences among the studies and a broad range ofproduction cost estimates (10–3500 €2015/MWhfuel), which is first and foremost as a result of how authors havehandled technology matureness, installation costs, and external factors. Our calculations result in productionscosts in the range of 200–280 €2015/MWhfuel in 2015 and 160–210 €2015/MWhfuel in 2030 using base costassumptions from the literature review. Compared to biofuels, these estimates are in the upper range or above.Our results also show that the choice of energy carrier is not as critical for the electrofuels production cost astechnological choices and external factors. Instead the two most important factors affecting the production costof all electrofuels are the capital cost of the electrolyser and the electricity price, i.e., the hydrogen productioncost. The capacity factor of the unit and the life span of the electrolyser are also important parameters affectingthat production cost. In order to determine if electrofuels are a cost-effective future transport fuel relative toalternatives other than biofuels, the costs for distribution, propulsion, and storage systems need to beconsidered.
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| 4. |
- Walsh, Reubs J., et al.
(författare)
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Transgender embodiment : A feminist, situated neuroscience perspective
- 2020
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Ingår i: INSEP – Journal of the International Network for Sexual Ethics & Politics. - : Verlag Barbara Budrich GmbH. - 2196-6931 .- 2196-694X. ; 8, s. 56-70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The policing of boundaries of acceptable sexual identities and behaviour is a recurring theme in numerous marginalities. Gender (especially womanhood) is often instantiated socially through the harms to which members of that gender are subjected. For transgender people, the assumption that genitals define gender translates the ubiquitous misapprehension that genitals and sex are binary into an assumption that gender must also be binary. This circumscribes the potentiality of cultural intelligibility for trans gender identities, and may interfere with the ability of transgender people to select the most appropriate medical and social means of expressing their authentic identities, even altering what is possible or appropriate, thereby curtailing trans people’s authenticity and freedom. We therefore distinguish social from bodily aspects of gender dysphoria, proposing a model of their distinct, intersecting origins. We explore ways in which transgender medicine reflects aspects of other gendered surgeries, proposing a biopsychosocial understanding of embodiment, including influences of culture on the neurological representation of the body in the somatosensory cortex. This framework proposes that cultural cissexism1, causes trans people to experience (neuro)physiological damage, creating or exacerbating the need for medical transition within a framework of individual autonomy. Our social-constructionist feminist neuroscientific account of gendered embodiment highlights the medical necessity of bodily autonomy for trans people seeking surgery or other biomedical interventions, and the ethical burden therein.
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| 5. |
- Dumitriu, Dani, et al.
(författare)
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Deciduous tooth biomarkers reveal atypical fetal inflammatory regulation in autism spectrum disorder.
- 2023
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Ingår i: iScience. - : Cell Press. - 2589-0042. ; 26:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Atypical regulation of inflammation has been proposed in the etiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD); however, measuring the temporal profile of fetal inflammation associated with future ASD diagnosis has not been possible. Here, we present a method to generate approximately daily profiles of prenatal and early childhood inflammation as measured by developmentally archived C-reactive protein (CRP) in incremental layers of deciduous tooth dentin. In our discovery population, a group of Swedish twins, we found heightened inflammation in the third trimester in children with future ASD diagnosis relative to controls (n = 66; 14 ASD cases; critical window: -90 to -50 days before birth). In our replication study, in the US, we observed a similar increase in CRP in ASD cases during the third trimester (n = 47; 23 ASD cases; -128 to -21 days before birth). Our results indicate that the third trimester is a critical period of atypical fetal inflammatory regulation in ASD.
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| 6. |
- Wastensson, Gunilla, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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The Nordic Expert Group for Criteria Documentation of Health Risks from Chemicals. 152. Inorganic chloramines
- 2019
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Ingår i: Arbete och Hälsa. - : Göteborgs universitet; Arbetsmiljöverket. ; 53:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inorganic chloramines, i.e. monochloramine (NH2Cl), dichloramine (NHCl2) and trichloramine (NCl3), are formed when free1 chlorine reacts with nitrogen-containing substances present in e.g. chlorinated (disinfection) water sources. In the occupational setting, this may occur in swimming pool facilities (139) and in the food processing industry (63, 65, 76, 85). Inorganic chloramines may also be formed in industrial processes when liquid waste containing ammoniums ions is mixed with a sodium hypochlorite solution (100). Monochloramine, dichloramine and trichloramine are not known to be commercial products but monochloramine is generated in situ as needed to disinfect drinking water and waste water (68, 132). Monochloramine and dichloramine are water soluble of which the former is the dominating inorganic chloramine in the chlorinated water sources mentioned above. Trichloramine is immiscible with water, has a relatively high vapour pressure at room temperature and thus evaporates relatively fast into the air compartment (67). Trichloramine is therefore the dominating inorganic chloramine in the indoor air of swimming pools (20, 64). In the food processing industry, the fraction of trichloramine in air is considerably lower (63, 65, 76, 85). In recent years there has been an increased reporting of health problems such as irritation and pulmonary effects among staff in indoor chlorinated swimming pool facilities and in the food processing industry where chlorinated water is used. Chlorination of water gives rise to a number of disinfection by-products also in air, mainly inorganic chloramines (6, 83, 108, 138, 139). The aim of this document is to evaluate health effects associated with occupational exposure to inorganic chloramines, and if possible, to recommend health-based occupational exposure limits (OELs).
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Boqvist, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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Antimicrobial Use by Peri-Urban Poultry Smallholders of Kajiado and Machakos Counties in Kenya
- 2023
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Ingår i: Antibiotics. - 2079-6382. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Antimicrobial use (AMU) is a major driver of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). An understanding of current practices can lead to better targeting of AMU-reducing interventions. An analysis of the distribution and current usage of veterinary drugs in peri-urban smallholder poultry systems in Kenya was undertaken. A survey among poultry farmers and key informant interviews with agrovet operators and other players in the value chain was conducted in Machakos and Kajiado counties. Interview data were analyzed using descriptive and thematic approaches. A total of 100 farmers were interviewed. The majority (58%) were > 50 years old, and all kept chickens, while 66% kept other livestock. Antibiotics constituted 43% of the drugs reportedly used on the farms (n = 706). These were mostly administered by the farmers themselves (86%) through water (98%). Leftover drugs were stored for later use (89%) or disposed of (11%). Incineration was the main method for the disposal of leftover drugs and empty containers. As described by the key informants (n = 17), the drug distribution chain relied on agrovet shops that were supplied by local distributors and pharmaceutical companies, which, in turn, supplied drugs to the farmers. Farmers reportedly purchased drugs without prescriptions and rarely observed the withdrawal periods. Drug quality was a concern, especially for products requiring reconstitution.
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