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- Simha, Prithvi, et al.
(författare)
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What do consumers think about recycling human urine as fertiliser? Perceptions and attitudes of a university community in South India
- 2018
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Ingår i: Water Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0043-1354 .- 1879-2448. ; 143, s. 527-538
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sanitation systems based on source separation and valorisation of human urine can improve the environmental sustainability of wastewater management. Yet, the social acceptability of such new, resource oriented sanitation practices have not been assessed systematically. We attempt to address this research gap by reporting the findings of a survey conducted at a South Indian university that evaluated support for urine recycling among 1252 Indian consumers. We place our findings in the context of the Theory of Planned Behaviour, quantify consumer attitude to urine recycling through an exploratory numerical approach, and identify explanatory factors that shape consumer beliefs and perceptions. Overall, a moderately positive attitude was observed: 68% stated human urine should not be disposed but recycled, 55% considered it as fertiliser, but only 44% would consume food grown using it. While 65% believed using urine as crop fertiliser could pose a health risk, majority (80%) believed it could be treated so as to not pose a risk. The respondents' willingness to consume' urine-fertilised food was found to be strongly influenced by their willingness to pay. Consumer environmental attitudes, as evaluated using the New Ecological Paradigm scale, did not influence their attitude towards urine recycling behaviour. We thus believe that simply appealing to people's environmental sensitivities is not enough for introducing environmentally-friendly technologies like urine recycling, but that more targeted marketing messages are needed. We find sufficient support among our surveyed consumers for urine recycling but highlight that further research is needed to identify what information and agency will help translate positive attitudes into action and behaviour. (C) 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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- Millogo, Vinsoun, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of different hand-milking techniques on milk production and teat treatment in Zebu dairy cattle
- 2012
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Ingår i: Tropical Animal Health and Production. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0049-4747 .- 1573-7438. ; 44, s. 1017-1025
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the study was to test three different hand-milking techniques ("pull down", "thumb in", and "full hand grip") and their effects on milk production and teat treatment. This is important since milk production in many tropical areas still rely on hand-milking. The study was carried out at a peri-urban farm in the Bobo-Dioulasso area in Burkina Faso. Twelve indigenous Zebu cows in early lactation were used in the study. The sequences of the treatments (hand-milking techniques) and the milkers were balanced for carry-over effects between successive periods and days, respectively. The sequences were constructed by using special Latin squares. Yield and composition of saleable milk was not affected by milking technique but there were differences between the milkers in milk yield. There was also a significant interaction for saleable milk yield between milker and milking technique. Hemoglobin in milk was measured as an indicator of teat damage. The hemoglobin content was numerically higher in post-milking strip milk samples than in saleable milk. It was concluded that the amount of milk removed depends mainly on the milker and how well the milking technique works for the individual milker. No effect of milking technique was observed on teat treatment.
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- Boix, Virginia
(författare)
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Graphene: Applications in Surface Science Studies
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis addresses how graphene can be a valuable asset for surface science studies. Using a combination of X- ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy, and low-energy electron diffraction, we take advantage of graphene’s sensitivity to changes in its chemical environment to obtain an atomic scale understanding of different reactions occurring above and below the film.As a substrate, graphene provides an inert base for studying growth mechanisms. Specifically, we use it to investigate the electron-induced dissociation of borazine, a common precursor for Boron Nitride deposition. Thanks to the inert character of graphene, we can discern the dissociation due to the interaction with the electron beam from any surface- induced dissociation processes. Moreover, graphene can be used as an adsorption template for studying reactions between adsorbates and gas phase molecules. Using hydrogen adsorbates, we analyze the stability of different H- structures under mbar pressures of oxygen. We show that graphene acts as a catalyst for water formation by providing the required adsorption configuration that promotes the reaction. This finding paves the way for future research using graphene as an adsorption template for fundamental catalysis studies.Graphene can also be employed as a confining agent to study undercover reactions, a trending topic in the catalysis field due to the reported higher performance of catalysts when placed in confined environments. We use graphene to investigate copper oxidation undercover, revealing that its presence stabilizes a Cu2O phase undercover, delaying the evolution toward complete oxidation (CuO). Graphene is also an ideal model system for studying more fundamental aspects of undercover reactions, such as the coexistence of different molecules undercover or their intercalation kinetics. Specifically, we use graphene to investigate the coexistence of hydrogen and CO with already intercalated oxygen while following the intercalation process in situ with APXPS.Altogether this thesis provides several examples of how graphene can be integrated into surface science studies and paves the way for its implementation in the surface science field.
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- Zetterström, Olle, et al.
(författare)
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The whole story : Treatment outcomes with Symbicort®
- 2002
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Ingår i: Respiratory Medicine. - 0954-6111 .- 1532-3064. ; 96:SUPPL. 1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways that has a considerable socioeconomic impact. Asthma management guidelines have been introduced to help provide better long-term control of asthma. Although recommended guidelines may increase the direct medication costs, the overall direct costs of asthma may be reduced due to fewer exacerbations. In addition, indirect costs due to lost productivity and mortality are reduced and patients have an improved quality of life. Inhaled corticosteroids are first-line therapy in the treatment of persistent asthma. Against this background, we have assessed the cost-effectiveness of Symbicort® (budesonide and formoterol in a single inhaler), a treatment that provides better control of asthma compared with budesonide alone. While the prescribing costs of Symbicort® were found to be higher than for budesonide alone, these were partially offset by reduced costs due to fewer asthma exacerbations and a reduced need for other medications. Combined long-term therapy with budesonide and formoterol also improves patient quality of life compared with budesonide alone. Two other factors associated with asthma treatment success and cost-effectiveness are patient/physician education and good patient adherence to prescribed therapy. The introduction of a single inhaler that is easy to use in simple treatment regimens may improve patient adherence to prescribed medication, thus resulting in improved asthma control and fewer exacerbations. Treatment with Symbicort® is more cost-effective than treatment with budesonide alone. © 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd.
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- Dunn, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing the lexical evidence for a Central Solomons Papuan family using the Oswalt Monte Carlo Test
- 2012
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Ingår i: Diachronica. - : John Benjamins Publishing Company. - 0176-4225 .- 1569-9714. ; 29:1, s. 1-27
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the absence of comparative method reconstruction, high rate of lexical cognate candidates is often used as evidence for relationships between languages. This paper uses the Oswalt Monte Carlo Shift test (a variant of Oswalt 1970) to explore the statistical basis of the claim that the four Papuan languages of the Solomon Islands have greater than chance levels of lexical similarity. The results of this test initially appear to show that the lexical similarities between the Central Solomons Papuan languages are statistically significant, but the effect disappears when known Oceanic loanwords are removed. The Oswalt Monte Carlo test is a useful technique to test a claim of greater than chance similarity between any two word lists — with the proviso that undetected loanwords strongly increase the chance of spurious identification.
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