| 1. |
-
- 2019
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 2. |
- Luo, Yifei, et al.
(författare)
-
Technology Roadmap for Flexible Sensors
- 2023
-
Ingår i: ACS Nano. - : American Chemical Society. - 1936-0851 .- 1936-086X. ; 17:6, s. 5211-5295
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Humans rely increasingly on sensors to address grand challenges and to improve quality of life in the era of digitalization and big data. For ubiquitous sensing, flexible sensors are developed to overcome the limitations of conventional rigid counterparts. Despite rapid advancement in bench-side research over the last decade, the market adoption of flexible sensors remains limited. To ease and to expedite their deployment, here, we identify bottlenecks hindering the maturation of flexible sensors and propose promising solutions. We first analyze challenges in achieving satisfactory sensing performance for real-world applications and then summarize issues in compatible sensor-biology interfaces, followed by brief discussions on powering and connecting sensor networks. Issues en route to commercialization and for sustainable growth of the sector are also analyzed, highlighting environmental concerns and emphasizing nontechnical issues such as business, regulatory, and ethical considerations. Additionally, we look at future intelligent flexible sensors. In proposing a comprehensive roadmap, we hope to steer research efforts towards common goals and to guide coordinated development strategies from disparate communities. Through such collaborative efforts, scientific breakthroughs can be made sooner and capitalized for the betterment of humanity.
|
|
| 3. |
- Liu, Lindong, et al.
(författare)
-
Intelligent simulation experimental study on influence of air velocity of air supply hood and exhaust hood with vertical push-pull ventilation
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems. - : IOS PRESS. - 1064-1246 .- 1875-8967. ; 37:4, s. 4819-4826
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The occupational health and safety problems caused by indoor dust and toxic gases in industrial plants are becoming increasingly serious. Vertical push-pull ventilation can effectively control dust and toxic gases and avoid indoor environmental pollution. The velocity of the air supply hood and exhaust hood in the push-pull ventilation intelligent device directly affects the control effect of the dust and toxic gases. However, no scholar has given a reasonable ratio of the air supply and exhaust velocity of the vertical push-pull ventilation device. Therefore, this paper uses the combination of Fluent numerical simulation technology and smoke visualization experiment to explore the best ratio of the air supply and exhaust velocity in the push-pull ventilation flow field. The research shows that the traces of the wind flow obtained by numerical analysis under different k which is the ratio of the air supply and exhaust velocity is consistent with the traces of visualized smoke in the actual experiment; The optimal ratio of air supply and exhaust is k = 1.75, which can effectively guarantee the indoor environment, occupational health and work efficiency of the operators.
|
|
| 4. |
- Menkveld, Albert J., et al.
(författare)
-
Nonstandard Errors
- 2024
-
Ingår i: JOURNAL OF FINANCE. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0022-1082 .- 1540-6261. ; 79:3, s. 2339-2390
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In statistics, samples are drawn from a population in a data-generating process (DGP). Standard errors measure the uncertainty in estimates of population parameters. In science, evidence is generated to test hypotheses in an evidence-generating process (EGP). We claim that EGP variation across researchers adds uncertainty-nonstandard errors (NSEs). We study NSEs by letting 164 teams test the same hypotheses on the same data. NSEs turn out to be sizable, but smaller for more reproducible or higher rated research. Adding peer-review stages reduces NSEs. We further find that this type of uncertainty is underestimated by participants.
|
|
| 5. |
- Mente, A., et al.
(författare)
-
Validation and comparison of three formulae to estimate sodium and potassium excretion from a single morning fasting urine compared to 24-h measures in 11 countries
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Journal of Hypertension. - 0263-6352. ; 32:5, s. 1005-15
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Although 24-h urinary measure to estimate sodium and potassium excretion is the gold standard, it is not practical for large studies. We compared estimates of 24-h sodium and potassium excretion from a single morning fasting urine (MFU) using three different formulae in healthy individuals. METHODS: We studied 1083 individuals aged 35-70 years from the general population in 11 countries. A 24-h urine and MFU specimen were obtained from each individual. A subset of 448 individuals repeated the measures after 30-90 days. The Kawasaki, Tanaka, and INTERSALT formulae were used to estimate urinary excretion from a MFU specimen. RESULTS: The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between estimated and measured sodium excretion was higher with Kawasaki (0.71; 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.65-0.76) compared with INTERSALT (0.49; 95% CI: 0.29-0.62) and Tanaka (0.54; 95% CI: 0.42-0.62) formulae (P <0.001). For potassium, the ICC was higher with the Kawasaki (0.55; 95% CI: 0.31-0.69) than the Tanaka (0.36; 95% CI: -0.07 to 0.60; P <0.05) formula (no INTERSALT formula exists for potassium). The degree of bias (vs. the 24-h urine) for sodium was smaller with Kawasaki (+313 mg/day; 95% CI: +182 to +444) compared with INTERSALT (-872 mg/day; 95% CI: -728 to -1016) and Tanaka (-548 mg/day; 95% CI: -408 to -688) formulae (P <0.001 and P = 0.02, respectively). Similarly for potassium, the Kawasaki formula provided the best agreement and least bias. Blood pressure correlated most closely and similarly with the 24-h and Kawasaki estimates for sodium compared with the other two formulae. CONCLUSION: In a diverse population, the Kawasaki formula is the most valid and least biased method of estimating 24-h sodium excretion from a single MFU and is suitable for population studies.
|
|
| 6. |
- Wang, Guilei, et al.
(författare)
-
Study of SiGe selective epitaxial process integration with high-k and metal gate for 16/14 nm nodes FinFET technology
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Microelectronic Engineering. - : Elsevier. - 0167-9317 .- 1873-5568. ; 163, s. 49-54
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, the process integration of SiGe selective epitaxy on source/drain regions, for 16/14 nm nodes FinFET with high-k & metal gate has been presented. Selectively grown Si1-xGex (0.35 <= x <= 0.40) with boron concentration of 1 x 10(20) cm(-3) was used to elevate the source/drain of the transistors. The epi-quality, layer profile and strain amount of the selectively grown SiGe layers were also investigated by means of various characterizations. A series of prebaking experiments were performed for temperatures ranging from 740 to 825 degrees C in order to in situ clean the Si fins prior to the epitaxy. The results showed that the thermal budget needs to be limited to 780-800 degrees C in order to avoid any damages to the shape of Si fins but to remove the native oxide effectively which is essential for high epitaxial quality. The Ge content in SiGe layers on Si fins was determined from the strain measured directly by reciprocal space mappings using synchrotron radiation. Atomic layer deposition technique was applied to fill the gate trench with W using WF6 and B2H6 precursors. By such an AID approach, decent growth rate, low resistivity and excellent gap filling capability of W in pretty high aspect-ratio gate trench was realized. The as-fabricated FinFETs demonstrated decent electrical characteristics.
|
|
| 7. |
- Wang, Xiaohua, et al.
(författare)
-
Tacrolimus Causes Hypertension by Increasing Vascular Contractility via RhoA (Ras Homolog Family Member A)/ROCK (Rho-Associated Protein Kinase) Pathway in Mice
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Hypertension. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0194-911X .- 1524-4563. ; 79:10, s. 2228-2238
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: To provide tacrolimus is first-line treatment after liver and kidney transplantation. However, hypertension and nephrotoxicity are common tacrolimus side effects that limit its use. Although tacrolimus-related hypertension is well known, the underlying mechanisms are not. Here, we test whether tacrolimus-induced hypertension involves the RhoA (Ras homolog family member A)/ROCK (Rho-associated protein kinase) pathway in male C57Bl/6 mice. methods: Intra-arterial blood pressure was measured under anesthesia. The reactivity of renal afferent arterioles and mesenteric arteries were assessed in vitro using microperfusion and wire myography, respectively. Results: Tacrolimus induced a transient rise in systolic arterial pressure that was blocked by the RhoA/ROCK inhibitor Fasudil (12.0 +/- 0.9 versus 3.2 +/- 0.7; P<0.001). Moreover, tacrolimus reduced the glomerular filtration rate, which was also prevented by Fasudil (187 +/- 20 versus 281 +/- 8.5; P<0.001). Interestingly, tacrolimus enhanced the sensitivity of afferent arterioles and mesenteric arteries to Ang II (angiotensin II), likely due to increased intracellular Ca2+ mobilization and sensitization. Fasudil prevented increased Ang II-sensitivity and blocked Ca2+ mobilization and sensitization. Preincubation of mouse aortic vascular smooth muscle cells with tacrolimus activated the RhoA/ROCK/MYPT-1 (myosin phosphatase targeting subunit 1) pathway. Further, tacrolimus increased cytoplasmic reactive oxygen species generation in afferent arterioles (107 +/- 5.9 versus 163 +/- 6.4; P<0.001) and in cultured mouse aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (100 +/- 7.5 versus 160 +/- 23.2; P<0.01). Finally, the reactive oxygen species scavenger Tempol inhibited tacrolimus-induced Ang II hypersensitivity in afferent arterioles and mesenteric arteries. Conclusions: The RhoA/ROCK pathway may play an important role in tacrolimus-induced hypertension by enhancing Ang II-specific vasoconstriction, and reactive oxygen species may participate in this process by activating the RhoA/ROCK pathway.
|
|
| 8. |
- Yi, Lixin, et al.
(författare)
-
Radium isotopes distribution and submarine groundwater discharge in the Bohai Sea
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Groundwater for Sustainable Development. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-801X. ; 9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to characterize the radium distribution and submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) in the Bohai Sea area, the three isotopes 223Ra, 224Ra and 228Ra in different water bodies were measured in a 4-year period with the radium-delayed coincidence counting (RaDeCC) system. The results indicated that radium activities take an order of groundwater > coastal seawater > river water > central seawater. The radium activities of groundwater were controlled by the lithology, human activities and salinity. Groundwater in aquifers with higher content of Th and U like igneous and metamorphic has higher radium activities, high salinity and oil exploitation which leads to groundwater contamination can also cause the higher radium activities. The radium isotopes of offshore waters were controlled by their respective onshore groundwater and SGD flux rates. The relative level of radium Ra isotope activity of coastal groundwater and nearshore seawater is determined by the interaction between groundwater and seawater. It is concluded that smaller radium mass transport from bottom sediments and the majority radium were supplied from landward groundwater from horizontal and vertical distribution of Ra isotope. The seasonal investigation showed that the seawater radium activities of 223Ra, 224Ra and 228Ra in autumn were higher than that in spring. Based on the seasonal variation of radium activities and the mass balance of radium, SGD of the Bohai Sea during rainy season were calculated to be 1.43 × 108 m3/d (3.73 × 10−3 m3/m2/d) in northern region and 2.84 × 107 (1.76 × 10−3 m3/m2/d) in western region by 228Ra.
|
|
