| 1. |
- Klinthäll, Martin, 1967-
(författare)
-
Etnisk bakgrund, integration och sjuklighet : Slutenvård bland invandrare i Sverige 1990–2001
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Working Papers in Social Insurance. - Stockholm : Försäkringskassan. - 1653-1353. ; :1, s. 1-28
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze to what extent differences in health between groups of different origin remain after considering differences in education, income and labor market status, and whether there exists any patterns according to the socioeconomic character of the country of origin. Design: The study is based on two data sources; Longitudinal Database for Education, Income and Employment, (LOUISE) and the Hospital Discharge Register (HDR). The data set consists of all Swedish and foreign born individuals born in 1945, 1955 and 1965, who were Swedish residents in 1990. The risk of hospitalization is analyzed for the period 1990–2001 using binomial logit regression. Results: When only demographic characteristics are controlled for, most immigrant groups display higher rates of hospital discharge records than native Swedes, but when education, income and labor market status is introduced into the model, only Nordic immigrants display levels of severe morbidity that are significantly higher than the levels for Swedish born. Among welfare recipients, only immigrants from Finland display higher levels of severe morbidity than native Swedes; most immigrant groups display significantly lower levels of severe morbidity than native Swedes. The analysis shows no evidence of a systematic relationship between health status and the socioeconomic character of the country of origin. Conclusion: Higher levels of severe morbidity among immigrants compared to Swedes seem to be explained by the socioeconomic situation in Sweden, rather than health conditions and socioeconomic circumstances before immigration. There is a strong correlation between a weak labor market integration and high levels of severe morbidity in non-Nordic immigrant groups.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Kunert, Kristina
(författare)
-
Architectures and Protocols for Performance Improvements of Real-Time Networks
- 2010
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- When designing architectures and protocols for data traffic requiring real-time services, one of the major design goals is to guarantee that traffic deadlines can be met. However, many real-time applications also have additional requirements such as high throughput, high reliability, or energy efficiency. High-performance embedded systems communicating heterogeneous traffic with high bandwidth and strict timing requirements are in need of more efficient communication solutions, while wireless industrial applications, communicating control data, require support of reliability and guarantees of real-time predictability at the same time. To meet the requirements of high-performance embedded systems, this thesis work proposes two multi-wavelength high-speed passive optical networks. To enable reliable wireless industrial communications, a framework incorporating carefully scheduled retransmissions is developed. All solutions are based on a single-hop star topology, predictable Medium Access Control algorithms and Earliest Deadline First scheduling, centrally controlled by a master node. Further, real-time schedulability analysis is used as admission control policy to provide delay guarantees for hard real-time traffic. For high-performance embedded systems an optical star network with an Arrayed Waveguide Grating placed in the centre is suggested. The design combines spatial wavelength reuse with fixed-tuned and tuneable transceivers in the end nodes, enabling simultaneous transmission of both control and data traffic. This, in turn, permits efficient support of heterogeneous traffic with both hard and soft real-time constraints. By analyzing traffic dependencies in this multichannel network, and adapting the real-time schedulability analysis to incorporate these traffic dependencies, a considerable increase of the possible guaranteed throughput for hard real-time traffic can be obtained. Most industrial applications require using existing standards such as IEEE 802.11 or IEEE 802.15.4 for interoperability and cost efficiency. However, these standards do not provide predictable channel access, and thus real-time guarantees cannot be given. A framework is therefore developed, combining transport layer retransmissions with real-time analysis admission control, which has been adapted to consider retransmissions. It can be placed on top of many underlying communication technologies, exemplified in our work by the two aforementioned wireless standards. To enable a higher data rate than pure IEEE 802.15.4, but still maintaining its energy saving properties, two multichannel network architectures based on IEEE 802.15.4 and encompassing the framework are designed. The proposed architectures are evaluated in terms of reliability, utilization, delay, complexity, scalability and energy efficiency and it is concluded that performance is enhanced through redundancy in the time and frequency domains.
|
|
| 4. |
- Kunert, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
-
AWG-based optoelectronic router supporting both guaranteed and best-effort QoS traffic
- 2005
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a router architecture with electronic queuing and a passive optical multi-channel network, based upon a single-hop star topology with an Arrayed Waveguide Grating (AWG) at its centre. The AWG’s property of spatial wavelength reuse and both fixed-tuned and tuneable transceivers enable simultaneous control and data transmission. Our proposed medium access control protocol supports traffic differentiation and utilizes EDF (Earliest Deadline First) to schedule the traffic from input ports to output ports on the router. Our simulations show that the router treats QoS (Quality of Service) traffic well.
|
|
| 5. |
- Wang, Leizhen, et al.
(författare)
-
Data-driven analysis and modeling of individual longitudinal behavior response to fare incentives in public transport
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Transportation. - : Springer Nature. - 0049-4488 .- 1572-9435.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Incentive-based public transport demand management (PTDM) can effectively mitigate overcrowding issues in crowded urban rail systems. Analyzing passengers’ behavioral responses to the incentive can guide the design, implementation, and update of PTDM strategies. Though several studies reported passengers’ responses to fare incentives, they focused on passengers’ short-term behavioral responses. Limited studies explore passengers’ longitudinal behavioral responses for different types of adopters, which is important for policy assessment and adjustment. This paper explores and models passengers’ longitudinal behavior response to a pre-peak fare discount incentive using 18 months of smartcard data in public transport in Hong Kong. We classified adopters into six types based on their temporal travel pattern changes before and after the promotion. The longitudinal analysis reveals that among all adopters, 19% of users change their departure times to take advantage of fare discounts but do not contribute to the goal of reducing peak-hour travel. However, these adopters are more likely to sustain their changed behavior in a long term which is not desired by the incentive program. The spatial analysis shows that the origin station distribution of late adopters is relatively more diverse than the early adopters with more trips starting from distant areas. The diffusion modeling shows that the majority adopters are innovators and the word-of-mouth diffusion effect (imitators) is marginal. The discrete choice model results highlight the heterogeneous impact of factors on different types of adopters and their values of time changes. The significant factors common to adopters are: departure time flexibility, the expected money savings, the required departure time changes, and work locations. The findings are useful for public transport planners and policymakers for informed incentive design and management.
|
|
| 6. |
- Heyman, Viveka
(författare)
-
Ett par Stagneliusfragment
- 1945
-
Ingår i: Samlaren. - Uppsala : Svenska Litteratursällskapet. - 0348-6133 .- 2002-3871. ; N.F. 26, s. 51-62
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 7. |
- Chi, Chaodan, et al.
(författare)
-
Si-based InGaAs photodetectors on heterogeneous integrated substrate
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Science China: Physics, Mechanics and Astronomy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1674-7348 .- 1869-1927. ; 64:6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, InGaAs p-i-n photodetectors (PDs) on an InP/SiO2/Si (InPOI) substrate fabricated by ion-slicing technology are demonstrated and compared with the identical device on a commercial InP substrate. The quality of epitaxial layers on the InPOI substrate is similar to that on the InP substrate. The photo responsivities of both devices measured at 1.55 µm are comparable, which are about 0.808–0.828 A W−1. Although the dark current of PD on the InPOI substrate is twice as high as that of PD on the InP substrate at 300 K, the peak detectivities of both PDs are comparable. In general, the overall performance of the InPOI-based PD is comparable to the InP-based PD, demonstrating that the ion-slicing technology is a promising route to enable the high-quality Si-based InP platform for the full photonic integration on a Si substrate.
|
|
| 8. |
- Nichter, Mark, et al.
(författare)
-
Introducing smoking cessation to Indonesian males treated for tuberculosis : The challenges of low-moderate level smoking
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Social Science and Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0277-9536 .- 1873-5347. ; 152, s. 70-79
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a dearth of information about the smoking habits of people currently and formerly treated for tuberculosis (TB) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). In this paper we describe research carried out in Indonesia between 2007 and 2011 designed to investigate both the impact of TB-specific quit smoking messages in the TB clinic and at home, and shifts in patterns of smoking among those formerly treated for TB who continue to smoke. The results of a modest two-arm smoking cessation trial involving 87 patients undergoing Directly Observed Therapy Short course treatment (DOTS) for TB are presented. In one arm patients received a TB-specific quit smoking message delivered by doctors and a TB and smoking educational booklet and quit smoking guide. In the second, family support arm, patients also received on-going cessation messages delivered by family members trained to be DOTS supporters. The study followed patients twice during their six months of DOTS treatment and twice six months post treatment. Both arms of the study reduced rates of smoking during and following TB treatment significantly with 73% of patients in the doctor arm and 71% in the family support arm remaining quit at the end of the treatment (month 6). When complete abstinence at six months after treatment was taken as a primary outcome measure, no statistical difference was found in the effectiveness of the two arms of the intervention. Notably, 67% of higher-level smokers at baseline and 33% of low-moderate level smokers at baseline quit entirely. Many of those who resumed smoking did so at low-moderate levels (<6 cigarettes a day). Eighty-four percent of patients who quit during treatment maintained their abstinence six months after treatment, 13% resumed smoking at a low-moderate level (<6 cigarettes), and only 3% resumed smoking at a higher level. A purposeful sample of 15 patients who shifted from heavy smoking (20-40 cigarettes per day) to low-moderate levels of smoking post treatment were followed for an additional 12 months. We report on their ability to sustain lower levels of smoking and self-perceived smoking status given their dramatic reduction in cigarette consumption. This is the first study of low-moderate level smoking among patients formerly treated for TB conducted anywhere in South-East Asia.
|
|
| 9. |
- Van, Dung Pham, et al.
(författare)
-
Design, Analysis, and Hardware Emulation of a Novel Energy Conservation Scheme for Sensor Enhanced FiWi Networks (ECO-SFiWi)
- 2016
-
Ingår i: IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0733-8716 .- 1558-0008. ; 34:5, s. 1645-1662
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fiber-wireless sensor networks (Fi-WSNs) composed of a hybrid fiber-wireless (FiWi) network enhanced with sensors will play a key role in supporting machine-to-machine (M2M) communications to enable a wide range of Internet of Things (IoT) applications, of which smart grids represent an important real-world example. This paper explores opportunities of designing an energy-efficient Fi-WSN based on EPON/10G-EPON, WLAN, wireless sensors, and passive fiber optic sensors as a shared communications infrastructure for broadband services and smart grids. A novel energy conservation scheme for sensor enhanced FiWi networks (ECO-SFiWi) is proposed to reduce the overall energy consumption. ECO-SFiWi maximizes energy efficiency by leveraging TDMA to schedule power-saving modes of EPON's optical network units, wireless stations, and wireless sensors and incorporate them into EPON's bandwidth allocation algorithm. To study the performance, a comprehensive energy saving model and a delay analysis of both FiWi traffic and sensor data based on M/G/1 queue modeling are presented. FPGA-based hardware emulation and demonstration are performed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed solution. Results provide deep insights into the tradeoff between energy savings and frame delays. Noticeably, ECO-SFiWi achieves significant amounts of energy saving, while maintaining low delay for FiWi traffic and sensor data under typical deployment scenarios.
|
|
| 10. |
- van der Aa, Bart, 1985, et al.
(författare)
-
Numerical comparison of traditional noise screens and refractive graded index sonic crystal noise barriers in downwind sound propagation
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 41st International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering (InterNoise 2012), 19-22 August 2012, New York City, NY, USA. - 9781627485609 ; 9, s. 7183-7189
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sound propagation over a traditional noise screen in downwind conditions is numerically investigated and compared with a graded index sonic crystal (GRIN SC) noise barrier. The latter type of noise barrier creates a shadow zone by upward refraction of waves propagating through. Upward refraction is here achieved by varying the cylinder radius with height hence creating a graded index medium which effective sound speed varies accordingly. Contrary to GRIN SC noise barriers, traditional noise screens aim at improving the sound environment by screening sound emanating from, e.g. traffic noise sources. It has been shown that in downwind propagating conditions traditional solid screens introduce large wind speed gradients above the barrier top, which may give rise to downward refraction of acoustic waves into the shadow zone. In two-dimensional space, wind speed profiles of a traditional screen and an acoustically equivalent GRIN SC noise barrier are numerically computed using computational fluid dynamics. The modeled background flow, treated as an effective sound speed, is then used as input parameter for acoustic propagation calculations. The acoustic performance of both structures including a non-uniform background flow has been evaluated for a simple outdoor setup assuming a hard reflecting ground surface and a single noise source.
|
|
