| 1. |
- Li, Chun-Hao, et al.
(författare)
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Uxorilocal marriage as a strategy for heirship in a patrilineal society : evidence from household registers in early 20th-century Taiwan
- 2020
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Ingår i: The History of the Family. - 1081-602X .- 1873-5398. ; 25:1, s. 22-45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In pre-industrial Taiwan, an uxorilocal marriage, in which a man moved in with his bride's family, was a familial strategy used to continue family lineage and to enhance family farm labor. We examine the prevalence and circumstances in which a family would call in a man for one of their unmarried daughters. Using data from the Taiwan Historical Household Registers Database (THHRD) from 1906-1945, we identify the individual-level factors (including parental status, sibling status, household heads' occupations, and the capacity of the family labor force) and a community-level factor - the prevalence of uxorilocal marriages by region, which are predictive of uxorilocal marriages. Our analyses first show that women without siblings and women with only female siblings were more likely to adopt the uxorilocal form of marriage. In addition, the effects of siblings' status were moderated by the presence or absence of parents. For women without any male siblings with at least one parent, especially a father, residing in the household, the likelihood of having an uxorilocal marriage was higher than for those without any parents. Second, an uxorilocal marriage was less common in families with more young family members in the labor force to fulfill the manpower needed for farming. Third, uxorilocal marriage was more likely to occur in families living in the poorest socioeconomic conditions, especially those families in which household heads did not own land and had to sell their labor for agricultural production. Our findings imply that the adoption of uxorilocal marriage varied not only from place to place but also from time to time; it was conditioned by the modes and the means of labor production.
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| 2. |
- Zhao, Guohua, et al.
(författare)
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Tribocorrosion studies on surface modified medical grade stainless steel
- 2015
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Ingår i: TMS2015 Supplemental Proceedings. - Hoboken, NJ, USA : The Minerals, Metals, and Materials Society. - 9781119082262 - 9781119082415 ; , s. 521-528
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tribocorrosion performance of medical grade A1S1 316L stainless steel with and without surface modification has been studied during exposure to an electrolyte. Some of the samples investigated were surface modified by plasma nitriding (at both 400 and 550 °C), and others by a special arc physical vapor deposition to secure a thin layer of a diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating on the surface of the samples. XRD and SEM were used to characterize the homogeneity and microstructure of all samples. Potentiodynamic polarization measurement and tribocorrosion tests were performed multiple times on all groups of samples. It was established that surface treated SS 316L exhibited totally different passive behaviors, which consequently lead different tribocorrosion performance in the electrolyte. It was also established that the DLC coating performed as a solid lubricant in the ball-on-plate tests, and the resulting wear track after the tribocorrosion tests was almost negligible. On the other hand, the untreated and Nitriding 400 °C samples experienced wear accelerated corrosion due to their passive behavior. The results suggest that the DLC coated SS 316L have the best performance at the combined wear and corrosion environment, while the untreated and Nitriding 400 °C samples should be avoided to apply in biological tribocorrosion conditions.
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| 3. |
- Zhao, Hui, et al.
(författare)
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Revisiting a Social Constructionist Approach to Crisis Communication: Investigating Contemporary Crises in China
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Strategic Communication. - 1553-1198. ; 11:5, s. 364-378
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current study provides a social constructionist approach to crisis communication in the Chinese context. Crisis communication is viewed as a form of strategic communication, involving multiple stakeholders in situations that are dependent on context, space and time. This approach provides a much-needed path for investigating and understanding crisis communication practices in contemporary China. The distinct Chinese context for crisis communication, with both an authoritarian government structure and a digital transformation of society, challenges theories originally developed in the Western countries. To address this issue, this study proposes a three-theme analytical framework to examine crisis communication practices in the Chinese context: (1) an audience (or stakeholder) orientation—focusing sense-making, (2) a proactive and interactive approach—focusing communication, and (3) a community—focused approach—focusing a long-range precrisis perspective.
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