| 1. |
- Nilsson, R. Henrik, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Introducing guidelines for publishing DNA-derived occurrence data through biodiversity data platforms
- 2022
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Ingår i: Metabarcoding and Metagenomics. - : Pensoft Publishers. - 2534-9708. ; 6, s. 239-244
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- DNA sequencing efforts of environmental and other biological samples disclose unprecedented and largely untapped opportunities for advances in the taxonomy, ecology, and geographical distributions of our living world. To realise this potential, DNA-derived occurrence data (notably sequences with dates and coordinates) – much like traditional specimens and observations – need to be discoverable and interpretable through biodiversity data platforms. The Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) recently headed a community effort to assemble a set of guidelines for publishing DNA-derived data. These guidelines target the principles and approaches of exposing DNA-derived occurrence data in the context of broader biodiversity data. They cover a choice of terms using a controlled vocabulary, common pitfalls, and good practices, without going into platform-specific details. Our hope is that they will benefit anyone interested in better exposure of DNA-derived occurrence data through general biodiversity data platforms, including national biodiversity portals. This paper provides a brief rationale and an overview of the guidelines, an up-to-date version of which is maintained at https://doi.org/10.35035/doc-vf1a-nr22. User feedback and interaction are encouraged as new techniques and best practices emerge.
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| 2. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Person-Centered Care
- 2018
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Ingår i: V. Zeigler-Hill & T. Shackelford (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences. - Cham, Switzerland : Springer.
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Person-centered care is a model for health care that involves a biopsychosocial approach on health (physical, psychological, and social) and the person (body, mind, and psyche; Cloninger, 2004, 2013ab) through the alliance between the one giving care and the one seeking care as equal partners. One of the main aims is to implement a process that goes beyond the diagnostic formulation of identifying a disease state or ill-health, that is, a process of total health status, including ill-being and well-being (Mezzich et al., 2016). A second main aim is to empower the person seeking care to make self-directed informed choices to promote well-being in all planes of her/his life by including her/his subjective narratives, values, and meanings of illness and health as well as personal preferences and choices in treatment and care (Wong & Cloninger, 2010). A third main aim is the promotion of a working alliance in the health care process (Rogers, 1946; Kitwood & Bredin, 1992). This alliance includes the health care personnel, the person seeking the care, significant others, and also other community stakeholders involved in the health care of the person.
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| 3. |
- Wikberg, Carl, et al.
(författare)
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Is the Thoughts and Health programme feasible in the context of Swedish schools? : A quasi-experimental controlled trial study protocol
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2044-6055. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction Clinical depression is a substantial problem among adolescents, increasing significantly at about age 15 years. It causes impairment in social, academic and familial relationships, as well as ongoing cognitive and emotional difficulties for the individual. A study in Iceland demonstrated that a cognitive-behavioural, developmentally based intervention programme, 'Thoughts and Health', prevented initial episodes of depression and/or dysthymia (DYS) (major depressive disorder/DYS) in adolescents for up to 12 months following completion of the programme. We would like to test the feasibility of implementing the Icelandic method in a Swedish context and to evaluate the long-term effects of such a programme. Methods and analysis A quasi-experimental controlled design, combined with qualitative and quantitative methods, will be used to address the research questions. In this study, 617 children aged similar to 14 years will be screened for depression, and those "at risk" for development of clinical depression will be offered a 12 week course, 'Thoughts and Health'. This course aims to prevent first depression in adolescents. A comparable group of children will function as controls. Depending on the type of variable, baseline comparisons between the two groups of relevant initial measures will be evaluated with t-tests or chi(2) analyses. The effects of the programme on the development of clinical levels of depression will be evaluated using the follow-up data of 6, 12 and 18 months. Index parental depression at baseline will be tested as a moderator in the evaluation of the effects of the prevention programme. Ethics and dissemination This study is approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Board (reference number 2019-03347) in Gothenburg. We plan to disseminate the knowledge gained from this study by publishing our results in peer-reviewed scientific journals and other scholarly outlets.
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| 4. |
- Capo, Eric, et al.
(författare)
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Oxygen-deficient water zones in the Baltic Sea promote uncharacterized Hg methylating microorganisms in underlying sediments
- 2022
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Ingår i: Limnology and Oceanography. - : Wiley. - 1939-5590 .- 0024-3590. ; 67:1, s. 135-146
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human-induced expansion of oxygen-deficient zones can have dramatic impacts on marine systems and its resident biota. One example is the formation of the potent neurotoxic methylmercury (MeHg) that is mediated by microbial methylation of inorganic divalent Hg (HgII) under oxygen-deficient conditions. A negative consequence of the expansion of oxygen-deficient zones could be an increase in MeHg production due to shifts in microbial communities in favor of microorganisms methylating Hg. There is, however, limited knowledge about Hg-methylating microbes, i.e., those carrying hgc genes critical for mediating the process, from marine sediments. Here, we aim to study the presence of hgc genes and transcripts in metagenomes and metatranscriptomes from four surface sediments with contrasting concentrations of oxygen and sulfide in the Baltic Sea. We show that potential Hg methylators differed among sediments depending on redox conditions. Sediments with an oxygenated surface featured hgc-like genes and transcripts predominantly associated with uncultured Desulfobacterota (OalgD group) and Desulfobacterales (including Desulfobacula sp.) while sediments with a hypoxic-anoxic surface included hgc-carrying Verrucomicrobia, unclassified Desulfobacterales, Desulfatiglandales, and uncharacterized microbes. Our data suggest that the expansion of oxygen-deficient zones in marine systems may lead to a compositional change of Hg-methylating microbial groups in the sediments, where Hg methylators whose metabolism and biology have not yet been characterized will be promoted and expand.
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| 5. |
- Ryman Augustsson, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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Injuries and preventive actions in elite Swedish volleyball.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports. - : Wiley. - 0905-7188 .- 1600-0838. ; 16:6, s. 433-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of injury and the extent of preventive actions in elite Swedish volleyball players. Injuries to players in the elite male and female Swedish division, during the 2002-2003 season, were registered by using a questionnaire. Of the 158 volleyball players (70% response rate), a total of 82 players (52%) reported 121 injuries, during a total exposure time of 24 632 h, representing an overall incidence of 0.77 injuries per player. The majority of the injuries were located in the ankle (23%), followed by the knee (18%) and the back (15%). Most injuries (62%) were classified as being of minor severity. Most injuries occurred during training (47%), and 41% of the injuries had a gradual onset. Fifty-four percent of the injuries that could be related to a specific court situation occurred during blocking, and 30% during spiking. Most players (96%) participated in injury prevention training of some kind, generally performed without supervision (58%). Although most players took part in some kind of preventive action, one out of two players incurred an injury during the season, which indicates that the risk of suffering an injury in elite volleyball is relatively high.
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| 6. |
- Ekman, Elisabet, et al.
(författare)
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Awareness among nurses about reporting of adverse drug reactions in Sweden
- 2012
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Ingår i: Drug, Healthcare and Patient Safety. - 1179-1365. ; 4, s. 61-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate awareness among nurses regarding their new role as reporters of adverse drug reactions in Sweden and factors that may influence reporting by nurses.Methods: In 2007, all nurses were included in the adverse drug reaction reporting scheme in Sweden. A questionnaire was sent to 753 randomly selected nurses in September 2010.Results: Of the 453 (60%) responding nurses, 265 (58%) were aware that nurses were included in the reporting of adverse drug reactions. Sixty-one nurses (14%) stated that they had reported an adverse drug reaction. Fifteen percent (n = 70) of the respondents had received training about reporting of adverse drug reactions. Almost one third of these (n = 21, 30%) had reported an adverse drug reaction on at least one occasion. Among nurses without training, a smaller proportion (n = 40, 11%, P < 0.05) had reported an adverse drug reaction on at least one occasion. The two factors considered most important by nurses for reporting were the severity of the adverse drug reaction and if the reaction was to a newly approved drug. A majority of the nurses (n = 397, 88%) were interested in a training course in pharmacology as part of their ongoing professional development. One third (32%) of all nurses stated that one reason for not reporting a suspected adverse drug reaction was that the physician responsible did not regard the reaction necessary to report.Conclusion: We found that more than half of the study population of nurses in Sweden were aware of their new role as reporters of adverse drug reactions, but few of the responding nurses had reported an adverse drug reaction. Given that training seems to be associated with high reporting frequency, we suggest more training in pharmacovigilance for nurses.
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| 7. |
- Gillman, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Oseltamivir-Resistant Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Strain with an H274Y Mutation in Neuraminidase Persists without Drug Pressure in Infected Mallards
- 2015
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Ingår i: Applied and Environmental Microbiology. - : American Society for Microbiology. - 0099-2240 .- 1098-5336. ; 81:7, s. 2378-2383
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Influenza A virus (IAV) has its natural reservoir in wild waterfowl, and emerging human IAVs often contain gene segments from avian viruses. The active drug metabolite of oseltamivir (oseltamivir carboxylate [OC]), stockpiled as Tamiflu for influenza pandemic preparedness, is not removed by conventional sewage treatment and has been detected in river water. There, it may exert evolutionary pressure on avian IAV in waterfowl, resulting in the development of resistant viral variants. A resistant avian IAV can circulate among wild birds only if resistance does not restrict viral fitness and if the resistant virus can persist without continuous drug pressure. In this in vivo mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) study, we tested whether an OC-resistant avian IAV (H1N1) strain with an H274Y mutation in the neuraminidase (NA-H274Y) could retain resistance while drug pressure was gradually removed. Successively infected mallards were exposed to decreasing levels of OC, and fecal samples were analyzed for the neuraminidase sequence and phenotypic resistance. No reversion to wild-type virus was observed during the experiment, which included 17 days of viral transmission among 10 ducks exposed to OC concentrations below resistance induction levels. We conclude that resistance in avian IAV that is induced by exposure of the natural host to OC can persist in the absence of the drug. Thus, there is a risk that human-pathogenic IAVs that evolve from IAVs circulating among wild birds may contain resistance mutations. An oseltamivir-resistant pandemic IAV would pose a substantial public health threat. Therefore, our observations underscore the need for prudent oseltamivir use, upgraded sewage treatment, and surveillance for resistant IAVs in wild birds.
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| 8. |
- Wireklint Sundström, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
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Being Prepared for the Unprepared : A Phenomenology Field Study of Swedish Prehospital Care
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Emergency Nursing. - : Mosby, Inc.. - 0099-1767 .- 1527-2966. ; 38:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: This paper presents a study of prehospital care with particular focus on how ambulance personnel prepare themselves for their everyday assignments. Methods: The caring science field study took a phenomenological approach, where data were analyzed for meaning. Two specialist ambulance nurses, three registered nurses, and six paramedics participated. Results: The previously known discrepancy between in-hospital care and prehospital care was further interpreted in this study. The pre-information from an emergency medical dispatch (EMD) center provides ambulance personnel with basic expectations as to what they will have to take care of. At the same time that they maintain their certainty and control, our major findings indicate that prehospital care in emergency medical service requires the personnel to be prepared for an open and flexible encounter with the patient; to be prepared for the unprepared, i.e., to be open and to avoid being governed by predetermined statements. Discussion: Our findings suggest that the outcomes of good prehospital care affect patient security. The seemingly time-consuming dialogue with the patient facilitates understanding and decision-making regarding the patient's medical needs, and it is comforting to the patient. The ambulance personnel need to be well prepared for this task and fully understand that the situation might differ considerably from the information provided by the EMD centers. All objective information is of great value in this care context, but ultimately it is the patient who provides reliable information about her/his own situation.
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| 9. |
- Lindblad, Marléne, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Identifying no-harm incidents in home healthcare : a cohort study using trigger tool methodology
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMC Health Services Research. - : Springer. - 1472-6963. ; 20:1, s. 1-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundPatient safety in home healthcare is largely unexplored. No-harm incidents may give valuable information about risk areas and system failures as a source for proactive patient safety work. We hypothesized that it would be feasible to retrospectively identify no-harm incidents and thus aimed to explore the cumulative incidence, preventability, types, and potential contributing causes of no-harm incidents that affected adult patients admitted to home healthcare.MethodsA structured retrospective record review using a trigger tool designed for home healthcare. A random sample of 600 home healthcare records from ten different organizations across Sweden was reviewed.ResultsIn the study, 40,735 days were reviewed. In all, 313 no-harm incidents affected 177 (29.5%) patients; of these, 198 (63.2%) no-harm incidents, in 127 (21.2%) patients, were considered preventable. The most common no-harm incident types were “fall without harm,” “deficiencies in medication management,” and “moderate pain.” The type “deficiencies in medication management” was deemed to have a preventability rate twice as high as those of “fall without harm” and “moderate pain.” The most common potential contributing cause was “deficiencies in nursing care and treatment, i.e., delayed, erroneous, omitted or incomplete treatment or care.”ConclusionThis study suggests that it is feasible to identify no-harm incidents and potential contributing causes such as omission of care using record review with a trigger tool adapted to the context. No-harm incidents and potential contributing causes are valuable sources of knowledge for improving patient safety, as they highlight system failures and indicate risks before an adverse event reach the patient.
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| 10. |
- Hammar, Tora, 1984-
(författare)
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Patienternas och personalens upplevelser av läkemedelsprocessen och förväntningar på Nationella läkemedelslistan : Rapport till E-hälsomyndigheten
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sverige är på gång att införa ett nytt register, Nationella läkemedelslistan (NLL), baserat på en lag som trädde i kraft 1 maj 2021. Målet är att NLL ska ge hälso- och sjukvård, apotek och patienter tillgång till samma information om förskrivna och uthämtade läkemedel. Förväntningarna är att NLL ska bidra till förbättrad patientsäkerhet, men en sådan stor förändring innebär också en risk för okända negativa effekter.Syftet med projektet var att undersöka upplevelser av läkemedelsprocessen och förväntningar på NLL från de tre perspektiven vård, apotek och individ innan den nya lagen trädde i kraft. Ett av projektets delmål var att ta fram en modell för detta som möjliggör att studera förändringar över tid. Våren 2020 genomfördes 33 intervjuer med läkare, sjuksköterskor, farmaceuter på apotek och kliniska farmaceuter, patienter och anhöriga runt om i Sverige. April 2021 genomfördes enkäter som besvarades av 809 informanter från samma kategorier som intervjuerna.Det är tydligt att det finns betydande problem med informationshanteringen i läkemedelsprocessen som ger utmaningar för personal i vården, på apotek och patienter och skapar osäkerhet och merarbete för att veta vilka läkemedel som är aktuella. Detta innebär patientsäkerhetsrisker och är negativt ur ett samhällsperspektiv. Undersökningen visar också ett tydligt behov av en gemensam nationell läkemedelslista. Förväntningarna på NLL är höga och många hoppas att den nya lagen ska innebära ökad patientsäkerhet och att många av de upplevda problemen ska bli bättre. Resultaten visar samtidigt på en stor oro, farhågor och upplevda hinder samt delvis orealistiska förväntningar i förhållande till det som är på väg att implementeras. Dessutom upplevde många att de saknat information, har en otydlig bild om vad som ska förändras och när, eller inte känner till NLL sedan tidigare.De flesta förhoppningarna som beskrivs från alla parter bygger till största del på att vårdens arbetssätt anpassas, att förskrivarna kan hålla listan aktuell, ta ansvar för helheten och ta hänsyn till andra ordinationer, samt hantera ändringar i behandling så att informationen följer med till listan. Detta i sin tur kräver att vårdpersonalen kan arbeta i system som ger dem bra stöd för detta arbete, att det är tydligt hur det ska arbeta och inte krävs manuell informationsöverföring. Arbetet med NLL är en förutsättning för att lösa många av de problem som upplevs i läkemedelsprocessen och har således potentialen att förbättra patientsäkerhet. Olösta frågor som skapar oro i vården är till exempel hur informationen från NLL som bygger på recept ska kunna återföras i journalsystemen på ett bra sätt då informatiken där bygger på ordinationer som innehåller andra informationsmängder och en annorlunda logik. Det är viktigt att fastställa en konkret och gemensam bild av önskat arbetssätt kring NLL med patientsäkerheten i fokus, och hur integration ska ske så att det på ett tydligt och enkelt sätt stödjer detta arbetssätt och ser till att viktig information inte går förlorad. Här behövs bland annat en konstruktiv dialog mellan E‑hälsomyndigheten och vården kring möjligheter med NLL utifrån nuvarande lagstiftning och förutsättningar. Sist men inte minst vill vi lyfta vikten av forskning och uppföljning kopplat till informationshanteringen i läkemedelsprocessen och arbetet med NLL. Effekter blir ofta andra och fler än väntat. Komplexitet, stora utmaningar och läkemedelslistans betydelse för patientsäkerheten gör att det är extra viktigt att kunna följa införandet av NLL och identifiera både positiva och negativa effekter samt hinder för implementering. I rapporten presenteras en modell för uppföljning av effekter mätt som användarnas upplevelser samt ett förslag till en bredare modell som även innefattar en kombination med andra kvantitativa mått som är relevanta i sammanhanget.
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