| 1. |
- Ursing, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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High-Dose Chloroquine for Treatment of Chloroquine-Resistant Plasmodium falciparum Malaria
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0022-1899 .- 1537-6613. ; 213:8, s. 1315-1321
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Due to development of multidrug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum new antimalarial therapies are needed. In Guinea-Bissau, routinely used triple standard-dose chloroquine remained effective for decades despite the existence of "chloroquine-resistant" P. falciparum. This study aimed to determine the in vivo efficacy of higher chloroquine concentrations against P. falciparum with resistance-conferring genotypes. Methods. Standard or double-dose chloroquine was given to 892 children aged < 15 years with uncomplicated malaria during 3 clinical trials (2001-2008) with >= 35 days follow-up. The P. falciparum resistance-conferring genotype (pfcrt 76T) and day 7 chloroquine concentrations were determined. Data were divided into age groups (< 5, 5-9, and 10-14 years) because concentrations increase with age when chloroquine is prescribed according to body weight. Results. Adequate clinical and parasitological responses were 14%, 38%, and 39% after standard-dose and 66%, 84%, and 91% after double-dose chloroquine in children aged < 5, 5-9, and 10-14 years, respectively, and infected with P. falciparum genotypes conferring chloroquine resistance (n = 195, P < .001). In parallel, median chloroquine concentrations were 471, 688, and 809 nmol/L for standard-dose and 1040, 1494, and 1585 nmol/L for double-dose chloroquine. Conclusions. Chloroquine resistance is dose dependent and can be overcome by higher, still well-tolerated doses.
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| 2. |
- LeBlanc, Neil, et al.
(författare)
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A novel combination of TaqMan RT-PCR and a suspension microarray assay for the detection and species identification of pestiviruses
- 2010
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Ingår i: Veterinary Microbiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-1135 .- 1873-2542. ; 142:1-2, s. 81-86
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The genus pestivirus contains four recognized species: classical swine fever virus, border disease virus, bovine viral diarrhoea virus types 1 and 2. All are economically important and globally distributed but classical swine fever is the most serious, concerning losses and control measures. It affects both domestic pigs and wild boars. Outbreaks of this disease in domestic pigs call for the most serious measures of disease control, including a stamping out policy in Europe. Since all the members of the pestivirus genus can infect swine, differential diagnosis using traditional methods poses some problems. Antibody tests may lack specificity due to cross-reactions, antigen capture ELISAs may have low sensitivity, and virus isolation may take several days or even longer time to complete. PCR-based tests overcome these problems for the most part, but in general lack the multiplexing capability to detect and differentiate all the pestiviruses simultaneously. The assay platform described here addresses all of these issues by combining the advantages of real-time PCR with the multiplexing capability of microarray technology. The platform includes a TaqMan real-time PCR designed for the universal detection of pestiviruses and a microarray assay that can use the amplicons produced in the real-time PCR to identify the specific pestivirus.
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