| 1. |
- Falk Erhag, Hanna, et al.
(author)
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A Multidisciplinary Approach to Capability in Age and Ageing
- 2022
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Book (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This open access book provides insight on how to interpret capability in ageing – one’s individual ability to perform actions in order to reach goals one has reason to value – from a multidisciplinary approach. With for the first time in history there being more people in the world aged 60 years and over than there are children below the age of 5, the book describes this demographic trends as well as the large global challenges and important societal implications this will have such as a worldwide increase in the number of persons affected with dementia, and in the ratio of retired persons to those still in the labor market. Through contributions from many different research areas, it discussed how capability depends on interactions between the individual (e.g. health, genetics, personality, intellectual capacity), environment (e.g. family, friends, home, work place), and society (e.g. political decisions, ageism, historical period). The final chapter by the editors summarizes the differences and similarities in these contributions. As such this book provides an interesting read for students, teachers and researchers at different levels and from different fields interested in capability and multidisciplinary research.
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| 2. |
- Berner, Jessica, et al.
(author)
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Factors influencing Internet usage in older adults (65 years and above) living in rural and urban Sweden
- 2015
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In: Health Informatics Journal. - : Sage Publications. - 1460-4582 .- 1741-2811. ; 21:3, s. 237-249
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Older adults living in rural and urban areas have shown to distinguish themselves in technology adoption; a clearer profile of their Internet use is important in order to provide better technological and health-care solutions. Older adults' Internet use was investigated across large to midsize cities and rural Sweden. The sample consisted of 7181 older adults ranging from 59 to 100 years old. Internet use was investigated with age, education, gender, household economy, cognition, living alone/or with someone and rural/urban living. Logistic regression was used. Those living in rural areas used the Internet less than their urban counterparts. Being younger and higher educated influenced Internet use; for older urban adults, these factors as well as living with someone and having good cognitive functioning were influential. Solutions are needed to avoid the exclusion of some older adults by a society that is today being shaped by the Internet.
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| 3. |
- Turunen, Merita, et al.
(author)
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Computer-based cognitive training for older adults : Determinants of adherence
- 2019
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In: PLOS ONE. - San Fransisco, USA : Public Library Science. - 1932-6203. ; 14:7, s. 1-12
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The possibilities of computer-based cognitive training (CCT) in postponing the onset of dementia are currently unclear, but promising. Our aim is to investigate older adults ' adherence to a long-term CCT program, and which participant characteristics are associated with adherence to the CCT. This study was part of the Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER). Participants were 60-77-year-old individuals with increased dementia risk, recruited from previous population-based studies. The participants included in this study (n = 631) had been randomized to receive a multi-domain lifestyle intervention, including CCT. The measure of adherence was the number of completed CCT sessions (max = 144) as continuous measure. Due to a substantial proportion of participants with 0 sessions, the zero inflated negative binomial regression analyses were used to enable assessment of both predictors of starting the training and predictors of completing a higher number of training sessions. Several cognitive, demographic, lifestyle, and health-related variables were examined as potential predictors of adherence to CCT. Altogether, 63% of the participants participated in the CCT at least once, 20% completed at least half of the training, and 12% completed all sessions. Previous experience with computers, being married or cohabiting, better memory performance, and positive expectations toward the study predicted greater odds for starting CCT. Previous computer use was the only factor associated with a greater number of training sessions completed. Our study shows that there is a large variation in adherence to a long-lasting CCT among older adults with an increased risk of dementia. The results indicate that encouraging computer use, and taking into account the level of cognitive functioning, may help boost adherence to CCT.
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| 4. |
- Magnusson, Lennart, et al.
(author)
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Extended safety and support systems for people with dementia living at home
- 2014
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In: Journal of Assistive Technologies. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1754-9450 .- 2042-8723. ; 8:4, s. 188-206
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to highlight the complexity surrounding the implementation of advanced electronic tracking, communication and emergency response technologies, namely, an extended safety and support (ESS) system for people with dementia (pwd) living at home. Results are presented from a Swedish demonstration study (2011-2012) conducted in 24 municipalities.Design/methodology/approach– It is a descriptive intervention study with a pre-post test design. Questionnaires were administered to pwd, carers and professionals at the outset and eight months later. ESS logging data were analyzed.Findings– ESS usage rates varied widely. A total of 650 alerts were triggered, mainly when the pwd was outdoors. Activities were reduced amongst pwd, most likely due to a progression of their disease. Carers noted that pwd were more independent than previously on those occasions when they engaged in outdoor activities. Staff considered that nearly half of pwd could remain living at home due to the ESS, compared with a third amongst carers. In total, 50 per cent of carers felt it was justified to equip their relative with an ESS without their explicit consent, compared to one in eight staff.Research limitations/implications– A limitation is the amount of missing data and high drop- out rates. Researchers should recruit pwd earlier in their illness trajectory. A mixed-methods approach to data collection is advisable.Practical implications– Carers played a crucial role in the adoption of ESS. Staff training/supervision about assistive devices and services is recommended.Social implications– Overall, use of ESS for pwd living at home was not an ethical problem.Originality/value– The study included key stakeholder groups and a detailed ethical analysis was conducted.
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| 5. |
- Lindgren, Helena, et al.
(author)
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Sociotechnical integration of decision support in the dementia domain
- 2010
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In: Information Technology in Health Care. - : IOS Press. - 9781607505686 - 9781607505693 ; , s. 79-84
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The need for improving dementia care has driven the development of the clinical decision support system DMSS (Dementia Management and Support System). A sociotechnical approach to design and development has been applied, with an activity-centered methodology and user participation throughout the process. Prototypes have been developed based on the characteristics of clinical practice and domain knowledge, while clinical practice has been subjected to different efforts for development such as education and organizational change. This paper addresses the lessons learned and role and impact DMSS has had, and is expected to have on the clinical assessment of dementia in different clinics in Sweden, South Korea and Japan. Furthermore, it will be described in what way the development of DMSS and the development of dementia care in these three areas are interlinked. Results indicate that the most important contribution of DMSS at the point of care, is the educational support that DMSS provides, part from the tailored explanatory support related to a patient case. This effect was partly manifested in a change of routines in the encounter with patients.
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| 6. |
- Javeed, Ashir, 1989-, et al.
(author)
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Early Prediction of Dementia Using Feature Extraction Battery (FEB) and Optimized Support Vector Machine (SVM) for Classification
- 2023
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In: Biomedicines. - : MDPI. - 2227-9059. ; 11:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Dementia is a cognitive disorder that mainly targets older adults. At present, dementia has no cure or prevention available. Scientists found that dementia symptoms might emerge as early as ten years before the onset of real disease. As a result, machine learning (ML) scientists developed various techniques for the early prediction of dementia using dementia symptoms. However, these methods have fundamental limitations, such as low accuracy and bias in machine learning (ML) models. To resolve the issue of bias in the proposed ML model, we deployed the adaptive synthetic sampling (ADASYN) technique, and to improve accuracy, we have proposed novel feature extraction techniques, namely, feature extraction battery (FEB) and optimized support vector machine (SVM) using radical basis function (rbf) for the classification of the disease. The hyperparameters of SVM are calibrated by employing the grid search approach. It is evident from the experimental results that the newly pr oposed model (FEB-SVM) improves the dementia prediction accuracy of the conventional SVM by 6%. The proposed model (FEB-SVM) obtained 98.28% accuracy on training data and a testing accuracy of 93.92%. Along with accuracy, the proposed model obtained a precision of 91.80%, recall of 86.59, F1-score of 89.12%, and Matthew’s correlation coefficient (MCC) of 0.4987. Moreover, the newly proposed model (FEB-SVM) outperforms the 12 state-of-the-art ML models that the researchers have recently presented for dementia prediction.
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| 7. |
- Wu, Jing, et al.
(author)
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Can dementia risk be reduced by following the American Heart Association's Life's Simple 7? : A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.
- 2023
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In: Ageing Research Reviews. - : Elsevier. - 1568-1637 .- 1872-9649. ; 83
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study aimed to quantify the relationships between the American Heart Association (AHA) Cardiovascular Health (CVH) metrics, namely AHA Life's Simple 7, and cognitive outcomes. We searched PubMed and Embase (January 1, 2010-August 24, 2022) and finally included 14 longitudinal studies (311654 participants with 8006 incident dementia cases). Random-effects meta-analysis and one-stage linear mixed-effects models were performed. Increased CVH score seemed to associate with decreased risk of incident dementia in a linear manner, but this relationship varied by the measurement age of CVH metrics. That is, midlife CVH tended to have a linear association with late-life dementia risk, whereas a J-shaped association was observed between the late-life CVH score and dementia. In addition, late-life dementia risk was reduced significantly if individuals maintained an ideal level of AHA's CVH guidelines of physical activity, fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol, and smoking. However, our meta-analysis did not show a significant association between CVH score and global cognitive decline rate. Following AHA's CVH guidelines and maintaining CVH at an optimal level would substantially reduce the late-life dementia risk. More research is required to explore the link between a favorable CVH score and cognitive trajectories among cognitively asymptomatic older populations.
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| 8. |
- Javeed, Ashir, 1989-, et al.
(author)
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Predicting Dementia Risk Factors Based on Feature Selection and Neural Networks
- 2023
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In: Computers, Materials and Continua. - : Tech Science Press. - 1546-2218 .- 1546-2226. ; 75:2, s. 2491-2508
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Dementia is a disorder with high societal impact and severe consequences for its patients who suffer from a progressive cognitive decline that leads to increased morbidity, mortality, and disabilities. Since there is a consensus that dementia is a multifactorial disorder, which portrays changes in the brain of the affected individual as early as 15 years before its onset, prediction models that aim at its early detection and risk identification should consider these characteristics. This study aims at presenting a novel method for ten years prediction of dementia using on multifactorial data, which comprised 75 variables. There are two automated diagnostic systems developed that use genetic algorithms for feature selection, while artificial neural network and deep neural network are used for dementia classification. The proposed model based on genetic algorithm and deep neural network had achieved the best accuracy of 93.36%, sensitivity of 93.15%, specificity of 91.59%, MCC of 0.4788, and performed superior to other 11 machine learning techniques which were presented in the past for dementia prediction. The identified best predictors were: age, past smoking habit, history of infarct, depression, hip fracture, single leg standing test with right leg, score in the physical component summary and history of TIA/RIND. The identification of risk factors is imperative in the dementia research as an effort to prevent or delay its onset.
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| 9. |
- Javeed, Ashir, 1989-, et al.
(author)
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Breaking barriers : a statistical and machine learning-based hybrid system for predicting dementia
- 2023
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In: Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2296-4185. ; 11
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: Dementia is a condition (a collection of related signs and symptoms) that causes a continuing deterioration in cognitive function, and millions of people are impacted by dementia every year as the world population continues to rise. Conventional approaches for determining dementia rely primarily on clinical examinations, analyzing medical records, and administering cognitive and neuropsychological testing. However, these methods are time-consuming and costly in terms of treatment. Therefore, this study aims to present a noninvasive method for the early prediction of dementia so that preventive steps should be taken to avoid dementia. Methods: We developed a hybrid diagnostic system based on statistical and machine learning (ML) methods that used patient electronic health records to predict dementia. The dataset used for this study was obtained from the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care (SNAC), with a sample size of 43040 and 75 features. The newly constructed diagnostic extracts a subset of useful features from the dataset through a statistical method (F-score). For the classification, we developed an ensemble voting classifier based on five different ML models: decision tree (DT), naive Bayes (NB), logistic regression (LR), support vector machines (SVM), and random forest (RF). To address the problem of ML model overfitting, we used a cross-validation approach to evaluate the performance of the proposed diagnostic system. Various assessment measures, such as accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and Matthew’s correlation coefficient (MCC), were used to thoroughly validate the devised diagnostic system’s efficiency. Results: According to the experimental results, the proposed diagnostic method achieved the best accuracy of 98.25%, as well as sensitivity of 97.44%, specificity of 95.744%, and MCC of 0.7535. Discussion: The effectiveness of the proposed diagnostic approach is compared to various cutting-edge feature selection techniques and baseline ML models. From experimental results, it is evident that the proposed diagnostic system outperformed the prior feature selection strategies and baseline ML models regarding accuracy.
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| 10. |
- Lindhe, Andreas, 1981, et al.
(author)
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Användningen av MACRO-DB i tillståndsärenden och effekter av ny modellversion: Enkätstudie och samhällsekonomisk analys av arbetet med MACRO-DB
- 2022
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- I syfte att skydda dricksvattentäkter, dvs. yt- och grundvattenresurser, kan användningen av växtskyddsmedel regleras genom att exempelvis ställa krav på tillstånd för yrkesmässig användning inom vattenskyddsområden. Att bedöma när, hur och vilka växtskyddsmedel som kan spridas kan vara komplicerat. För att underlätta arbetet med att både ta fram och handlägga tillståndsärenden finns därför modellverktyget MACRO-DB. Verktyget har utvecklats av SLU Centrum för kemiska bekämpningsmedel i miljön (CKB) och används för att simulera bekämpningsmedelsläckage till yt- och grundvatten och bedöma om risken är acceptabelt låg eller inte. År 2018 gjordes en satsning där både Havs- och vattenmyndigheten (HaV) och CKB gjorde investeringar för att vidareutveckla MACRO-DB. Syftet med analysen som presenteras i denna rapport har varit att utvärdera om satsningen varit samhällsekonomiskt motiverad med hjälp av en kostnads-nyttoanalys (KNA). För att ta fram nödvändigt underlag och ge en bild av dagens arbete med tillståndsärenden för yrkesmässig användning av växtskyddsmedel på jordbruksmark inom vattenskyddsområden har en enkätundersökning genomförts. Enkäten skickades till samtliga svenska kommuner och syftade specifikt till att kartlägga användningen av MACRO-DB. Den genomförda enkätstudien besvarades av 58 % av Sveriges kommuner och bedöms baserat på detta och den geografiska spridningen ge en bra bild av dagens arbete med tillståndsärenden för användning av växtskyddsmedel på jordbruksmark inom vattenskyddsområden och specifikt användningen av MACRO-DB. Av de kommuner som besvarat enkäten är det 71 % som handlägger den aktuella typen av ärenden och av dessa är det 61 % som använder MACRO-DB som del av beslutsunderlaget. En majoritet av kommunerna använder såldes MACRO-DB. Bland de som inte använder MACRO-DB beror det framför allt på att man inte känner verktyget. Endast en mindre andel anser att det är inte rimligt att ställa krav på användning av MACRO-DB i den typ av ärenden de hanterar. Av de kommuner som använder MACRO-DB gör 55 % egna körningar för att kontrollera resultaten som lämnas in med tillståndsansökningarna. En stor andel (44 %) gör i stället granskningar av underlagsmaterial och antaganden. Enligt drygt hälften (53 %) av kommunerna tar dricksvattenproducenten del av uppgifter om vilka växtskyddsmedel som används inom vattenskyddsområden, i syfte att anpassa kontrollen av förekomst av växtskyddsmedelsrester i rå- och dricksvatten. Resultaten från enkäten visar också att majoriteten av kommunerna som använder MACRO-DB (93 %) anser att verktyget fungerar bra (61 %) eller mycket bra (32 %) som hjälpmedel. De förslag som lämnats på hur användningen skulle kunna förbättras innefattar bland annat behov av utbildning och annan stöttning men även behovet av mindre tidskrävande simuleringar. Att reducera simuleringstiden har varit ett av syftena med den uppdatering av MACRO-DB som gjorts och är en av de nyttor som ingår i den genomförda KNA:n. I analysen har fokus varit på följande kostnader och nyttor: (i) investeringarna som HaV och CKB gjort, (ii) tidsvinster som den nya modellversionen ger för kommuner, rådgivare och andra aktörer, (iii) möjliga effekter av en ökad livsmedelproduktion om det blir möjligt att söka tillstånd för spridning av växtskyddsmedel på odlingsmark där det idag råder förbud, och (iv) förlust av miljönyttor som en ökad spridning av växtskyddsmedel kan ge upphov till. Utifrån de antaganden som scenarierna i KNA:n bygger på bedöms nyttorna kunna överstiga kostnaderna, vilket alltså indikerar att satsningen på nya MACRO-DB kan vara samhällsekonomiskt motiverad. Skillnaden mellan nyttor och kostnader är samtidigt inte så betydande att ett annat resultat helt kan uteslutas, det vill säga att kostnaderna skulle kunna överstiga nyttorna. Scenarierna bygger på flera antaganden som är osäkra och de presenterade resultaten över samhällsekonomisk lönsamhet bör därför tolkas med viss försiktighet. Det kan dock konstateras att nyttorna till följd av tidsbesparingar är i samma storleksordning som investeringskostnaderna, vilket innebär att satsningen kan vara samhällsekonomiskt även om endast dessa aspekter beaktas. Osäkerheterna bedöms vara störst i de uppskattade nyttorna av ökad livsmedelsproduktion samt de minskade miljönyttorna. Dessa poster i KNA:n beskriver för- respektive nackdelarna som uppstår om det blir möjligt att söka tillstånd för spridning av växtskyddsmedel på odlingsmark där det idag rådet förbud. Resultaten visar att även dessa nyttor och kostnader är i samma storleksordning. Det kan därför konstateras att såväl möjligheten att bruka marken för livsmedelproduktion som skyddet av yt- och grundvattenresurser är förknippade med stora nyttor. Skyddet av yt- och grundvattenresurserna behöver därför säkerställas samtidigt som åtgärderna inte ska vara onödigt långtgående så att de ger orimliga restriktioner i markanvändningen och i detta fall effekter på livsmedelproduktionen. Verktyg och hjälpmedel som MACRO-DB är därför viktiga för att möjliggöra en rimlig avvägning när risken spridning av växtskyddsmedel kan tillåtas och när det inte är rimligt. I handläggningen av tillståndsärenden och avvägningar om det ska råda förbud eller krav på tillstånd är den inte bara spridningen av växtskyddsmedel som behöver beaktas utan även övriga förutsättningar och risker som hanteringen av växtskyddsmedel är förknippad med.
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