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- Sandman, Per-Olof, 1950-, et al.
(author)
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Long-term care of the elderly : A descriptive study of 3600 institutionalized patients in the county of Västerbotten, Sweden
- 1988
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In: Comprehensive gerontology. Section A, Clinical and laboratory sciences. - 0902-0071. ; 2:3, s. 120-32
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Probands (n = 3607) living in long-term care institutions in the county of Västerbotten were assessed to estimate whether the prevalence of dementia in different types of institutions had changed since a similar survey was made 7 years before. The probands' motoric functions, vision, hearing, speech, prevalence of behavioral disturbances and psychiatric symptoms, work load and use of psychoactive drugs were also investigated with special emphasis on the differences between the demented and the non-demented. About 40% were demented. This proportion of demented patients had increased in somatic long-stay clinics, nursing homes and homes for the aged since 1975. Further, the mean age of the probands and their length of stay had increased in these institutions. Demented probands were more impaired with regard to motor functions, speech, vision, hearing, ADL-functions, behavioral and psychiatric symptoms, and they also imposed a higher work load on the staff than the non-demented. Demented probands were also prescribed psychoactive drugs, i.e. neuroleptics but not minor tranquilizers or antidepressants, more often than the non-demented in accordance with the increased prevalence of behavioral disturbances and psychiatric symptoms.
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- Sandman, Per-Olof, 1950-, et al.
(author)
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Morning care of patients with Alzheimer-type dementia : A theoretical model based on direct observations
- 1986
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In: Journal of Advanced Nursing. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0309-2402 .- 1365-2648. ; 11:4, s. 369-378
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Five hospitalized patients in different stages of Alzheimer-type dementia were monitored by unstructured, direct observations during morning care. Orem's model of nursing as a compensation for the patient's lack of self-care capabilities was used as a frame of reference for an analysis of the behaviours of patients and nurses during morning care. A 12-step classification system was developed to be used as a guide to understand and determine abilities essential for performance of morning care for demented patients. The quantitative assessment showed that none of the patients was able to manage morning care independently, but there was a wide variation in their highest level of performance.
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- Sandman, Per-Olof, 1950-, et al.
(author)
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Nutritional status and dietary intake in institutionalised patients with Alzheimer's disease and multifarct dementia
- 1987
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In: Journal of The American Geriatrics Society. - 0002-8614 .- 1532-5415. ; 35, s. 31-38
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Nutritional status, dietary intake, weight change, and mortality were studied in a sample of severely demented, institutionalized patients. Dietary intake was registered during five days in two periods, five weeks apart. A weighing method was used. Nutritional status was assessed by anthropometric measurements (weight for height index, triceps skinfold thickness, arm muscle circumference) and determination of circulating proteins (albumin, transferrin, and prealbumin). Energy and/or protein malnutrition was found in 50% of the patients. The mean dietary intake was sufficient according to energy (2059 kcal/day), proteins, vitamins, and minerals. A comparison of patients with or without malnutrition showed no differences in dietary intake, diagnoses, age, length of hospital stay, or duration of illness. However, malnourished patients had had four times as many infectious periods treated by antibiotics as patients with no malnutrition. Thirty-nine of 44 patients lost weight during their hospital stay. There was no correlation between loss of weight, length of hospital stay, or duration of illness.
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- Steen, B., et al.
(author)
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Body composition in the elderly estimated with an electrical impedance method.
- 1987
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In: Comprehensive gerontology. Section A, Clinical and laboratory sciences. - 0902-0071. ; 1:3, s. 102-105
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The purpose of the present study was to test the reliability and validity of a new electrical impedance method for estimating body composition in 35 healthy persons and patients in different sex and age groups, and to obtain basal data on the size of different body composition compartments in elderly individuals in health and disease. The reliability studies showed no significant differences with the new method in intraindividual comparisons before and after changing the positions of the electrodes, drinking of water, and overnight fasting, as well as at a double estimation on 2 consecutive days. The results with this method are compared to results from measurements of total body potassium and total body water, and from a four-compartment model technique using total body potassium and total body water. We conclude that the method has an acceptable reliability and validity and should be of great value not only in field studies but also in clinical practice. Data on body composition with the electrical impedance method are obtained from 147 individuals in different groups, namely healthy females, 80-81-year-old males, female patients from a nursing home, and patients of both sexes from a day care unit.
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