| 1. |
- Minthon, Lennart, et al.
(författare)
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Tacrine treatment modifies cerebrospinal fluid neuropeptide levels in Alzheimer's disease
- 1994
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Ingår i: Dementia (Switzerland). - : S. Karger AG. - 1013-7424. ; 5:6, s. 295-301
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biochemical and histochemical studies have demonstrated a widespread deficit in the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (DAT). Multiple disturbances in several transmitter systems have been found. The most consistent neurochemical changes in DAT are reductions in the cholinergic system. The major pharmacological approach today in DAT is based on the cholinergic theory assuming that acetylcholine has a major cortical impact on cognitive processes. Tetrahydroaminoacridine (THA, tacrine) is a centrally active reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. A large number of trials have been performed in patients with DAT. This article was to evaluate whether THA treatment induced neuropeptide alteration in DAT before and after 1 year on oral THA treatment.
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| 2. |
- Elfgren, C., et al.
(författare)
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Neuropsychological tests as discriminators between dementia of Alzheimer type and frontotemporal dementia
- 1994
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Ingår i: International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. - : Wiley. - 1099-1166 .- 0885-6230. ; 9:8, s. 635-642
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to examine whether cognitive test performance alone could distinguish patients with dementia of Alzheimer type (DAT) from those with frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Scores from three neuropsychological tests were used as discriminating variables in 28 cases with postmortem verified diagnoses. The selected tests measured verbal ability, visuospatial ability and verbal memory. Eighty-nine per cent of the sample was correctly classified by discriminant analysis. Evaluating the ability of the obtained discriminant function to differentiate between groups of DAT and FTD in a new, clinically diagnosed sample of 38 cases yielded an overall success rate of 84%. The results suggest that cognitive tests may be helpful for differential diagnosis in the context of a neuropsychiatric examination.
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| 3. |
- Elmstahl, S., et al.
(författare)
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Quantitative EEG in elderly patients with Alzheimer's disease and healthy controls
- 1994
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Ingår i: Dementia (Switzerland). - : S. Karger AG. - 1013-7424. ; 5:2, s. 119-124
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multichannel (19) EEG were analyzed in 23 female patients with rather advanced late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) and compared with 56 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects. The quantified EEG was correlated with psychometric and clinical variables. The control subjects showed increasing theta activity with age but the EEG changes did not correlate significantly with psychometric features. The AD patients showed highly significant increases in delta and theta activity and decreases in beta activity compared with controls. The EEG changes were most marked over posterior regions of the brain. The individual EEG variables showed a high degree of intercorrelation and an almost complete discrimination between patients and controls was accomplished by taking only the posterior delta activity into account. In a subgroup of 10 patients, in which a Mini Mental test score could be obtained, the score correlated with the relative theta power.
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| 4. |
- Elmståhl, Sölve, et al.
(författare)
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A study of regional cerebral blood flow using 99mTc-HMPAO-SPECT in elderly women with senile dementia of alzheimer’s type
- 1994
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Ingår i: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. - : S. Karger AG. - 1420-8008 .- 1421-9824. ; 5:6, s. 302-309
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thirteen women with senile dementia of Alzheimer’s type (SDAT) according to NINCDS-ADRDA and 21 age-matched control women, aged 75-96 years, were investigated with clinical examination, dementia rating scales and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) using99mTc-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (HM-PAO) as a tracer of regional cortical blood flow. The aim was to study whether typical SPECT findings of SDAT were seen also in the very old having the disease for a longer period. Neuropsychological assessment with vocabulary and spatial tests was performed in the control women, and the results were divided in three subgroups, normal, borderline and abnormal. Regional perfusion values, expressed as a ratio between cortical and cerebellar HM-PAO uptake, were lower in frontal, temporoparietal and occipital cortices in SDAT patients than in controls. The SDAT patients had the lowest uptake in the posterior temporoparietal region (0.67 ± 0.06) and the corresponding value in the controls (0.79 ± 0.05) differed significantly, p < 0.0001. The interhemispheric ratio between right and left posterior temporoparietal regions was 0.99 ± 0.05. Nine of the control women (43%) had pathological SPECT with hemispheric asymmetries in 6 cases and bilateral temporooccipital reductions in 3 women. The neuropsychological assessment matched the findings in 7 of these women. One of the control women was judged as pathological and 10 women as borderline according to the spatial and vocabulary tests. Four of the 10 women with borderline results had normal SPECT. The sensitivity of the assessment to detect abnormalities compared to SPECT was 78% if borderline and abnormal results were expressed as true-positive cases. The specificity was 67%. The results showed a high degree of pathological findings according to SPECT and neuropsychological assessment in otherwise healthy elderly women.
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