| 1. |
- Persson, Jonas, et al.
(author)
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Preserved Hippocampus Activation in Normal Aging as Revealed by fMRI
- 2011
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In: Hippocampus. - : Wiley. - 1050-9631 .- 1098-1063. ; 21:7, s. 753-766
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The hippocampus is deteriorated in various pathologies such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and such deterioration has been linked to memory impairment. By contrast, the structural and functional effects of normal aging on the hippocampus is a matter of debate, with some findings suggesting deterioration and others providing evidence of preservation. This constitutes a crucial question since many investigations on AD are based on the assumption that the deterioration of the hippocampus is the breaking point between normal and pathological aging. A growing number of fMRI studies specifically aimed at investigating hippocampal engagement in various cognitive tasks, notably memory tasks, but the results have been inconclusive. Here, we optimized the episodic face-name paired-associates task in order to test the functioning of the hippocampus in normal aging. Critically, we found no difference in the activation of the hippocampus between the young and a group of older participants. Analysis of individual patterns of activation substantiated this impression. Collectively, these findings provide evidence of preserved hippocampal functioning in normal aging.
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| 2. |
- Davies, G., et al.
(author)
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Study of 300,486 individuals identifies 148 independent genetic loci influencing general cognitive function
- 2018
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In: Nature Communications. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2041-1723. ; 9:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- General cognitive function is a prominent and relatively stable human trait that is associated with many important life outcomes. We combine cognitive and genetic data from the CHARGE and COGENT consortia, and UK Biobank (total N = 300,486; age 16-102) and find 148 genome-wide significant independent loci (P < 5 × 10-8) associated with general cognitive function. Within the novel genetic loci are variants associated with neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders, physical and psychiatric illnesses, and brain structure. Gene-based analyses find 709 genes associated with general cognitive function. Expression levels across the cortex are associated with general cognitive function. Using polygenic scores, up to 4.3% of variance in general cognitive function is predicted in independent samples. We detect significant genetic overlap between general cognitive function, reaction time, and many health variables including eyesight, hypertension, and longevity. In conclusion we identify novel genetic loci and pathways contributing to the heritability of general cognitive function.
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| 3. |
- Nyberg, Lars, 1966-, et al.
(author)
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Education and neurocognitive aging - is there a relation?
- 2023. - 4
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In: International encyclopedia of education. - Oxford : Elsevier. - 9780128186299 ; , s. 512-519
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aging is associated with declining brain integrity and cognitive functioning, but with marked individual differences regarding onset and rate of decline. Several factors have been suggested to account for this heterogeneity. Here we review evidence for the hypothesis that higher educational attainment relates to better preserved neurocognitive functioning in aging. Collectively, education is shown to be related to an advantage in level but not rate of change. Thus, educational attainment is primarily related to late-life cognitive functioning by playing a role in developmental processes that lead to differences in brain and cognition during early adulthood that persist into older age.
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| 4. |
- Noroozian, Maryam, et al.
(author)
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Hippocampal and motor regions contribute to memory benefits after enacted encoding : cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence
- 2023
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In: Cerebral Cortex. - : Oxford University Press. - 1047-3211 .- 1460-2199. ; 33:6, s. 3080-3097
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The neurobiological underpinnings of action-related episodic memory and how enactment contributes to efficient memory encoding are not well understood. We examine whether individual differences in level (n = 338) and 5-year change (n = 248) in the ability to benefit from motor involvement during memory encoding are related to gray matter (GM) volume, white matter (WM) integrity, and dopamine-regulating genes in a population-based cohort (age range = 25-80 years). A latent profile analysis identified 2 groups with similar performance on verbal encoding but with marked differences in the ability to benefit from motor involvement during memory encoding. Impaired ability to benefit from enactment was paired with smaller HC, parahippocampal, and putamen volume along with lower WM microstructure in the fornix. Individuals with reduced ability to benefit from encoding enactment over 5 years were characterized by reduced HC and motor cortex GM volume along with reduced WM microstructure in several WM tracts. Moreover, the proportion of catechol-O-methyltransferase-Val-carriers differed significantly between classes identified from the latent-profile analysis. These results provide converging evidence that individuals with low or declining ability to benefit from motor involvement during memory encoding are characterized by low and reduced GM volume in regions critical for memory and motor functions along with altered WM microstructure.
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| 5. |
- Nyberg, Lars, 1966-, et al.
(author)
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Hjärnavbildningsmetoder i klinisk neuropsykologi
- 2023. - 3
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In: Klinisk neuropsykologi. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144149066 ; , s. 237-249
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Hjärnavbildningsmetoder är samlingsnamnet på ett stort antal tekniker som gör det möjligt att visualisera en levande persons hjärna. Teknikerna erbjuder alltså ett "fönster in i hjärnan" - en möjlighet som är hisnande men idag vardag både i forskning och i klinisk verksamhet. Under de senaste decennierna har olika tekniska landvinningar möjliggjort alltmer förfinade undersökningar, och denna utveckling fortsätter alltjämt. Verksamheter med inriktning på olika former av hjärnavbildning återfinns på sjukhus, universitet och forskningscentra. De ofta högteknologiska metoderna kräver att team av specialister, såsom inom neuroradiologi och fysiologi, samarbetar. På många platser är också neuropsykologer centrala medarbetare i dessa team, och det här kapitlet är riktat just mot (blivande) neuropsykologer med intresse för att nyttja hjärnavbildningsmetoder.
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