| 1. |
- Farisco, Michele, et al.
(författare)
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The ethical relevance of the unconscious
- 2017
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Ingår i: Philosophy Ethics and Humanities in Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1747-5341. ; 12:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundEthical analyses of disorders of consciousness traditionally focus on residual awareness. Going one step further, this paper explores the potential ethical relevance of the unawareness retained by patients with disorders of consciousness, focusing specifically on the ethical implications of the description of the unconscious provided by recent scientific research.MethodsA conceptual methodology is used, based on the review and analysis of relevant scientific literature on the unconscious and the logical argumentation in favour of the ethical conclusions.ResultsTwo conditions (experiential wellbeing and having interests) that are generally considered critical components in the ethical discussion of patients with disorders of consciousness might arguably be both conscious and unconscious.ConclusionsThe unconscious, as well as consciousness, should be taken into account in the ethical discussions of patients with disorders of consciousness.
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| 2. |
- Salles, Arleen, et al.
(författare)
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Neuroethics and AI ethics : a proposal for collaboration
- 2024
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Ingår i: BMC Neuroscience. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1471-2202. ; 25:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The scientific relationship between neuroscience and artificial intelligence is generally acknowledged, and the role that their long history of collaboration has played in advancing both fields is often emphasized. Beyond the important scientific insights provided by their collaborative development, both neuroscience and AI raise a number of ethical issues that are generally explored by neuroethics and AI ethics. Neuroethics and AI ethics have been gaining prominence in the last few decades, and they are typically carried out by different research communities. However, considering the evolving landscape of AI-assisted neurotechnologies and the various conceptual and practical intersections between AI and neuroscience—such as the increasing application of AI in neuroscientific research, the healthcare of neurological and mental diseases, and the use of neuroscientific knowledge as inspiration for AI—some scholars are now calling for a collaborative relationship between these two domains. This article seeks to explore how a collaborative relationship between neuroethics and AI ethics can stimulate theoretical and, ideally, governance efforts. First, we offer some reasons for calling for the collaboration of the ethical reflection on neuroscientific innovations and AI. Next, we explore some dimensions that we think could be enhanced by the cross-fertilization between these two subfields of ethics. We believe that considering the pace and increasing fusion of neuroscience and AI in the development of innovations, broad and underspecified calls for responsibility that do not consider insights from different ethics subfields will only be partially successful in promoting meaningful changes in both research and applications.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Munthe, Christian, 1962
(författare)
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The Return of Lombroso? Ethical and Philosophical Aspects of (Visions of) Forensic Screening
- 2013
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Ingår i: 33rd International Congress of Law and Mental Health, Amsterdam, July 14-19, 2013.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Italian nineteenth century criminologist Cesare Lombroso is notorious for his seminal ideas about criminality and anti-social behaviour resulting from physiological anomalies that should be detected by society and used for forensic preventive purposes. After an extended period of disrepute following World War II, similar ideas have been resurrected in psychiatry, genetics, neurology and criminology in the past decade or two. In particular, there is a growing focus on early detection and application of preventive measures. This development actualizes a complex web of ethics and policy issues having to do with the well-known fact that screening and prevention in the health area are far from ethically clear-cut activities and actualize vivid prospects of doing extensive harm to individuals as well as society. Also, taken to its extreme, it actualizes the idea of using prenatal or preimplantation testing to preselect against children with a predisposition for criminal or antisocial behaviour. In the forensic case, such screening-prevention strategies will connect further to a complicated issue about the proper use of risk-assessment models for societal decision-making for precautionary purposes. Based on former work in all of these areas, this presentation will outline and analyze the basic issue of the defensibility of activities of this sort, with the perspective of forestalling unintentional harm to individuals and society.
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| 5. |
- Helldén, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Death delusion. : Cotard's syndrome as an adverse drug reaction to (val-)aciclovir
- 2007
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Ingår i: BMJ (Clinical research ed.). - 1468-5833. ; 335:7633
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report two cases of Cotard’s syndrome that occurred as an adverse drug reaction to aciclovir and its prodrug valaciclovir. In the 1880s Jules Cotard first described his eponymous syndrome, a rare psychiatric condition with strong delusions of being dead. Aciclovir or valaciclovir may cause neuropsychiatric side effects such as confusion, somnolence, and hallucinations, mainly in patients with impaired renal function. To our knowledge, Cotard’s syndrome has never been reported as a suspected adverse drug reaction but associated with severe somatic stress as well as general and localised cerebral pathologies. Our findings add adverse response to an antiviral drug as another cause and provide clues to the syndrome’s possible neuropsychiatric origin. Clinicians should be aware of the association between body scheme disturbances and (val)aciclovir. Affected patients with Cotard’s syndrome and renal failure should preferably be sent to the dialysis unit, not to the department of psychiatry.
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| 6. |
- Granmo, Tobias, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Seminarieserien "Sinnenas musik"- känsliga bitar
- 2017
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Ingår i: Jonsereds Herrgård 18 oktober 2017.
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Konstnärligt arbete (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- SÖK! LYSSNA! ÖVERRASKA! Den uppmaningen ger tonsättaren Torbjörn Grass musikerna i sitt partitur Spektra för instrument och elektronik. Vid det fjärde Jonseredsseminariet i serien Sinnenas musik är det mot känseln uppmärksamheten riktas. Hur känsliga är vi för ljud och varför är vi så känsliga i fråga om vilken musik vi lyssnar på? Duo/Granmo Berg utforskar begreppet känsel ur ett musikaliskt perspektiv tillsammans med Ylva Öhrner är barnneurolog och överläkare vid Landstinget, Västmanland och Torbjörn Grass gitarrist och tonsättare med en stor passion för ljud. De samtalar och diskuterar vidare med en inbjuden skara specialister från olika områden.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Hedenius, Martina, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Impaired implicit sequence learning in children with developmental dyslexia
- 2013
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Ingår i: Research in Developmental Disabilities. - : Elsevier. - 0891-4222 .- 1873-3379. ; 34:11, s. 3924-3935
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has been proposed that an impairment of procedural memory underlies a range of linguistic, cognitive and motor impairments observed in developmental dyslexia (DD). However, studies designed to test this hypothesis using the implicit sequence learning paradigm have yielded inconsistent results. A fundamental aspect of procedural learning is that it takes place over an extended time-period that may be divided into distinct stages based on both behavioural characteristics and neural correlates of performance. Yet, no study of implicit sequence learning in children with DD has included learning stages beyond a single practice session. The present study was designed to fill this important gap by extending the investigation to include the effects of overnight consolidation as well as those of further practice on a subsequent day. The results suggest that the most pronounced procedural learning impairment in DD may emerge only after extended practice, in learning stages beyond a single practice session.
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| 9. |
- Farisco, Michele, et al.
(författare)
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Large-scale brain simulation and disorders of consciousness : Mapping technical and conceptual issues
- 2018
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Modelling and simulations have gained a leading position in contemporary attempts to describe, explain, and quantitatively predict the human brain's operations. Computer models are highly sophisticated tools developed to achieve an integrated knowledge of the brain with the aim of overcoming the actual fragmentation resulting from different neuroscientific approaches. In this paper we investigate plausibility of simulation technologies for emulation of consciousness and the potential clinical impact of large-scale brain simulation on the assessment and care of disorders of consciousness (DOCs), e.g. Coma, Vegetative State/Unresponsive Wakefulness Syndrome, Minimally Conscious State.Notwithstanding their technical limitations, we suggest that simulation technologies may offer new solutions to old practical problems, particularly in clinical contexts. We take DOCs as an illustrative case, arguing that the simulation of neural correlates of consciousness is potentially useful for improving treatments of patients with DOCs.
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