| 1. |
- Maliqueo, Manuel, et al.
(author)
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Acupuncture does not ameliorate metabolic disturbances in the P450 aromatase inhibitor-induced rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome
- 2017
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In: Experimental Physiology. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.. - 0958-0670 .- 1469-445X. ; 102:1, s. 113-127
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Low-frequency electroacupuncture restores sex steroid synthesis and sympathetic activity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome, which may improve its metabolic disturbances likely by modulating sympathetic nerve activity or sex steroid synthesis. We investigated whether low-frequency electroacupuncture regulates the metabolic function to the same extent as treatment with estradiol or -adrenergic blocking in a rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome induced by a P450 aromatase inhibitor (letrozole). Letrozole (β00 μg per day) or placebo pellets were implanted in pre-pubertal Wistar rats. Six weeks thereafter, rats were treated for 5–6 weeks with: low-frequency electroacupuncture (5 days per week), a -adrenergic blocker (propranolol hydrochloride, 0.1 mg kg-1) (5 days per week), or 17-estradiol (β.0 μg) every fourth day. Body weight development, body composition, locomotor activity, insulin sensitivity, tissue specific glucose uptake, lipid profile, adipocyte size, adiponectin and insulin serum concentrations, and gene expression in inguinal fat were measured. All treatments increased circulating levels of LDL-cholesterol. Estradiol treatment restored locomotor activity and increased insulin sensitivity but did not modify the glucose uptake in muscle and fat. An upregulation of genes related to insulin sensitivity and downregulation of genes related to adipogenesis were observed in subcutaneous adipose tissue from rats exposed to letrozole. Only estradiol treatment normalized the expression of these genes. In conclusions, low-frequency electroacupuncture increased LDL-cholesterol without affecting the insulin sensitivity or adipose tissue function, which could suggest effects on hepatic lipid regulation probably mediated by estradiol action or -adrenergic pathway.
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| 2. |
- Risal, Sanjiv, et al.
(author)
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Prenatal androgen exposure and transgenerational susceptibility to polycystic ovary syndrome
- 2019
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In: Nature Medicine. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1078-8956 .- 1546-170X. ; 25:12, s. 1894-1904
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- How obesity and elevated androgen levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affect their offspring is unclear. In a Swedish nationwide register-based cohort and a clinical case-control study from Chile, we found that daughters of mothers with PCOS were more likely to be diagnosed with PCOS. Furthermore, female mice (F0) with PCOS-like traits induced by late-gestation injection of dihydrotestosterone, with and without obesity, produced female F1-F3 offspring with PCOS-like reproductive and metabolic phenotypes. Sequencing of single metaphase II oocytes from F1-F3 offspring revealed common and unique altered gene expression across all generations. Notably, four genes were also differentially expressed in serum samples from daughters in the case-control study and unrelated women with PCOS. Our findings provide evidence of transgenerational effects in female offspring of mothers with PCOS and identify possible candidate genes for the prediction of a PCOS phenotype in future generations.
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| 3. |
- Marcondes, Rodrigo R., et al.
(author)
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Exercise differentially affects metabolic functions and white adipose tissue in female letrozole-and dihydrotestosterone-induced mouse models of polycystic ovary syndrome
- 2017
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In: Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology. - : Elsevier. - 0303-7207 .- 1872-8057. ; 448, s. 66-76
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Here we hypothesized that exercise in dihydrotestosterone (DHT) or letrozole (LET)-induced polycystic ovary syndrome mouse models improves impaired insulin and glucose metabolism, adipose tissue morphology, and expression of genes related to adipogenesis, lipid metabolism, Notch pathway and browning in inguinal and mesenteric fat. DHT-exposed mice had increased body weight, increased number of large mesenteric adipocytes. LET-exposed mice displayed increased body weight and fat mass, decreased insulin sensitivity, increased frequency of small adipocytes and increased expression of genes related to lipolysis in mesenteric fat. In both models, exercise decreased fat mass and inguinal and mesenteric adipose tissue expression of Notch pathway genes, and restored altered mesenteric adipocytes morphology. In conclusion, exercise restored mesenteric adipocytes morphology in DHT- and LET-exposed mice, and insulin sensitivity and mesenteric expression of lipolysis-related genes in LET-exposed mice. Benefits could be explained by downregulation of Notch, and modulation of browning and lipolysis pathways in the adipose tissue.
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| 4. |
- Risal, Sanjiv, et al.
(author)
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Transgenerational transmission of reproductive and metabolic dysfunction in the male progeny of polycystic ovary syndrome
- 2023
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In: Cell Reports Medicine. - : Cell Press. - 2666-3791. ; 4:5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The transgenerational maternal effects of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in female progeny are being revealed. As there is evidence that a male equivalent of PCOS may exists, we ask whether sons born to mothers with PCOS (PCOS-sons) transmit reproductive and metabolic phenotypes to their male progeny. Here, in a register-based cohort and a clinical case-control study, we find that PCOS-sons are more often obese and dyslipidemic. Our prenatal androgenized PCOS-like mouse model with or without diet-induced obesity confirmed that reproductive and metabolic dysfunctions in first-generation (F1) male offspring are passed down to F3. Sequencing of F1–F3 sperm reveals distinct differentially expressed (DE) small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) across generations in each lineage. Notably, common targets between transgenerational DEsncRNAs in mouse sperm and in PCOS-sons serum indicate similar effects of maternal hyperandrogenism, strengthening the translational relevance and highlighting a previously underappreciated risk of transmission of reproductive and metabolic dysfunction via the male germline.
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| 5. |
- Stener-Victorin, Elisabet, et al.
(author)
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Acupuncture
- 2018
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In: Infertility in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319455341 - 9783319455334 ; , s. 227-245
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Acupuncture involving insertion of thin sterile needles into the skin, muscles, and fibrous/fat tissues is a part of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Western medical acupuncture described in this chapter is an adaptation of Chinese acupuncture using current knowledge of anatomy, physiology, pathology, and evidence-based medicine, instead of using concepts such as meridians, yin/yang, and circulation of qi. This chapter describes the use of acupuncture in the treatment of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) from a western medical approach including potential mechanism of action, experimental data as well as clinical data.
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