| 1. |
- Persson, Anders, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Vertical distribution of benthic community responses to fish predators, and effects on algae and suspended material
- 2006
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Ingår i: Aquatic Ecology. - Dordrecht, Netherlands : Springer Netherlands. - 1386-2588 .- 1573-5125. ; 40:1, s. 85-95
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The vertical positioning of benthic invertebrates should be a trade-off between the risky, but productive, sediment surface and the safer, but physiologically harsher, conditions deeper down in the sediment. This is because the foraging efficiency of benthic fish decreases with sediment depth, whereas the sediment surface is generally better oxygenated and has a higher resource quality than lower layers. We studied how two benthic fish predators, bream (Abramis brama) and ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus), affected the community composition and vertical distribution of benthos, and their indirect effects on algae and suspended material, in field enclosures. Whereas bream had significant effects on the density, composition and distribution of the benthos, ruffe had no such effects. The total benthos biomass in bream treatments was an-order of magnitude lower in the upper sediment layer (0-1 cm) and three times lower in the middle layer (1-3 cm) than in the controls, whereas there were no significant effects in the deepest layer (3-10 cm). Bivalves persisted in the deepest layer although their density was reduced in shallow sediment, whereas gastropods faced the risk of local extinction in the presence of bream. As indirect effects, small-bodied cladocerans, phytoplankton, periphyton and both organic and inorganic suspended material were higher in the bream treatments. We conclude that the impact of bream diminished substantially with increasing sediment depth, enabling invertebrates to survive in the sediment and to persist in the presence of bream. However, there were no indications of any group adjusting their vertical position behaviourally as a response to predation threat.
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| 2. |
- Wendt, Eva, 1958, et al.
(författare)
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Young women's perceptions of being asked questions about sexuality and sexual abuse : a content analysis
- 2011
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Ingår i: Midwifery. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0266-6138 .- 1532-3099. ; 27:2, s. 250-256
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: to describe young women's perceptions of being asked questions by midwives or doctors pertaining to sexuality and sexual abuse in connection with visits for gynaecological examination. DESIGN: a qualitative study. Data comprised responses to open-ended questions in a questionnaire and were analysed by qualitative content analysis. SETTING: a county in the south-west of Sweden. PARTICIPANTS: all of the 23-, 26- and 29-year-old women who attended eight midwife and youth centres for cervical screening during the period between March and July 2006 were invited to participate. The open-ended question about sexuality was answered by 413 women, and 409 women answered the question about sexual abuse, representing approximately 84% of the women who answered the questionnaire as a whole. FINDINGS: the data resulted in a total of eight categories and 31 codes, which showed the women's perceptions of being asked questions about sexuality and sexual abuse. Six of the categories dealt with why it was considered natural to be questioned. Health professionals can be trusted and questions can open up a dialogue as well as clarify the woman's situation. The context of a visit for a gynaecological examination is relevant and questions will make it possible for the professionals to strengthen the woman. Another reason was that sexuality is an essential part of life. Those women who felt that it would not feel natural to be asked questions about sexuality and sexual abuse considered that the context is wrong and that such questions will encroach on the woman's personal sphere. KEY CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: women's responses indicate that there are good reasons for midwives and doctors to raise questions about sexuality and sexual abuse when they meet young women. Taking opportunity to find those who have sexual problems and/or experience of sexual abuse could reduce the suffering of these women and lead to an economic gain to society. The provision of training and supervision for midwives and doctors is important to enhance the quality of conversations about sexual matters. In order to deal with such issues, it is necessary to have knowledge of sexual health, relationships and violence, as well as a professional stance and a good conversational technique.
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| 3. |
- Berggren, Eva, 1955-
(författare)
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The entrepreneurial university's influence on commercialisation of academic research : The illustrative case of Chalmers University of Technology
- 2011
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Ingår i: International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business. - Olney : InderScience Publishers. - 1476-1297 .- 1741-8054. ; 12:4, s. 429-444
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this paper is to describe how the development of an entrepreneurial university contributes to the commercialisation of research. This is illustrated with the case of Chalmers University of Technology in Sweden. The findings show the importance of early pioneers creating a favourable culture from the very beginning of the university’s existence. It also shows the influence of a few key individuals for the developed best practice in the innovation support system, which is to commercialise research by match-making researchers with complementing competences like entrepreneurship students as well as using alumni.
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| 4. |
- Mårtensson, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Living with heart failure : Depression and quality of life in patients and spouses
- 2003
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Ingår i: The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 1053-2498 .- 1557-3117. ; 22:4, s. 460-467
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Although spouses are a key support for patients with heart failure, and help them remain in the community, no one has studied patient–spouse pairs to determine the nature of their experience. Therefore, we conducted a study of patients and spouses to compare their levels of depression and health-related quality of life (HRQOL), and to identify factors that contribute to depression and HRQOL in patient–spouse pairs. Methods: Forty-eight couples, in which all patients were men with heart failure, were recruited from a university-affiliated, outpatient heart failure clinic. Data were collected using the Beck Depression Inventory, the 12-item Short Form (that measures physical and mental components of QOL), and the 6-minute walk test. Results: Patients with heart failure were significantly more depressed and had poorer physical quality of life compared with spouses. Patients’ depression was correlated with their own functional status and mental quality of life, with the combination of 6-minute walk distance and mental QOL contributing 51% of the variance in patient depression. Spouse depression and HRQOL did not significantly influence patient depression. In contrast, spouses’ depression was related to their husbands’ functional status and employment, as well as their own mental QOL. The mental component of spouse QOL and the age of the patient accounted for 33% of the adjusted variance in spousal depression. Conclusions: Patients with heart failure and their spouses experience significantly different levels of depression and physical QOL. In developing interventions, it may be important to take these differences into account and focus on their unique needs as well as those issues that affect the couple together. Interventions that improve patient functional status may result in decreased depression and improved HRQOL on the part of both patients and spouses.
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| 5. |
- Hoglund, L, et al.
(författare)
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Selective optical doping to predict the performance and reveal the origin of photocurrent peaks in quantum dots-in-a-well infrared photodetectors
- 2009
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Ingår i: INFRARED PHYSICS and TECHNOLOGY. - Exeter : Elsevier BV. - 1350-4495 .- 1879-0275. ; 52:6, s. 272-275
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Resonant optical pumping across the band gap was used as artificial doping in InAs/In0.15Ga0.85As/GaAs quantum dots-in-a-well infrared photodetectors. Through efficient filling of the quantum dot energy levels by simultaneous optical pumping into the ground states and the excited states of the quantum dots, the response was increased by a factor of 10. Low temperature photocurrent peaks observed at 120 and 148 meV were identified as intersubband transitions emanating from the quantum dot ground state and the quantum dot excited state, respectively by a selective increase of the electron population in the different quantum dot energy levels.
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| 6. |
- Pettersson, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
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Photocurrent spectroscopy on self-assembled InAs quantum dots embedded in InP
- 2005
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Ingår i: Microelectronics Journal. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0026-2692. ; 36:3-6, s. 227-230
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work, we report on an overview of recent results from Fourier transform photocurrent (FTPC) measurements in the infrared spectral region on ensembles of self-assembled InAs quantum dots embedded in a matrix of InP. In interband PC, clear signals related to the dots are observed. Comparing the PC- and PL spectra, we observe that the fundamental transition is absent in the PC spectra, which we interpret in terms of Pauliblocking due to a filled electron ground state of the dots. Our results furthermore suggest that an Auger process is involved in forming the interband PC signal. In intersubband PC, peaks related to transitions from the dots' ground- and first excited states to the conduction band of the matrix are observed. Using a novel approach of combining FTPC with illumination from an additional external non-modulated light source, we have measured the spectral distribution of photoionization of excitons in quantum dots and found an exciton binding energy in good agreement with theoretical calculations.
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Svante, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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The Internationalization of Born Globals : the Swedish case
- 2001
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Principal TopicBorn Global firms adopt an international approach right from their birth or very shortly thereafter. This behavior challenges the traditional models of internationalization that propose that internationalization is developed in a slow and gradual manner with respect to geographical markets and market entry modes. The “slow and gradual view” of internationalization is very strong in Scandinavia as the creator of one of the most well known models in this area, the Uppsala Internationalization model, is developed in Sweden. The aim of the study is to explore the Born Global phenomena, and to compare it with earlier studies from other nations to further enhance the theory development in this area. Do the already developed framework fit on Swedish Born Globals? Do the framework have to be adopted according to the Swedish environment and culture? Can the general framework be further developed?MethodTo be able to compare our results with earlier studies in the USA, Denmark and Australia the same definitions and methods are used. Born Globals are defined as firms that have reached a share of foreign sales of at least 25% after having started export activities within three years after their birth. Data from a survey is used, followed by qualitative case studies. The database is used to present descriptive statistics and to identify Swedish Born Globals. The case studies are built mainly on personal interviews, but secondary data, such as such as business magazines, annual reports and internal documents have also been used to complement our primary data source. The cases are confronted with each other and with theories used in the framework but also compared with traditional internationalization theory. The framework includes institutional, network, resource-based and entrepreneurship theory.Results and ImplicationsThe results show that, although still a relatively uncommon phenomenon, the ongoing globalization has made it easier for small firms to conduct Born Global strategies. Active entrepreneurs and personal networks were important tools for implementing these strategies. The findings may have implications for practice as well as policy. Maybe can successful behaviors, found in the Born Global firms, be transferred to other firms? Can policy-makers change the firms institutional environment so it will be easier for firms to became Born Globals?
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| 8. |
- Berggren, Eva, 1955-
(författare)
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Linking academic research to entrepreneurs by serendipity or conscious match-making? : A case study of Chalmers University of Technology and the Region of Gothenburg
- 2010
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this paper is to describe how the development of an entrepreneurial university contributes to the commercialisation of research. This is illustrated with the case of Chalmers University of Technology in Sweden. The findings show the importance of early pioneers creating a favourable culture from the very beginning of the university's existence. It also shows the influence of a few key individuals for the developed best practice in the innovation support system, which is to commercialise research by match-making researchers with complementing competences like entrepreneurship students as well as using alumni.
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| 9. |
- Chu, H.S., et al.
(författare)
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VLBI observations of the puzzling BL Lacertae object 0235+164
- 1996
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : Springer. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 307:1, s. 15-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For over 20 years, many models have been proposed to explain the variability of AO0235+164. Among them, the most favorable has been micro-lensing. We have made a series of VLBI observations on this source in order to better understand its nature. The resultant maps indicate dramatic changes in the position angle of the jet between observations as well as a correlation between the intensity of the VLBI core and flux outbursts which occurred between the observing sessions. These characteristics, in conjunction with other arguments, suggest that the source variability is intrinsic, i.e. microlensing is of minor importance. We suggest two models: 1) a model in which the jet starts at a very small angle to the line of sight and then curves away to become about 6deg at about 1 mas from the core; and 2) a CME (Coronal Mass Ejection) model that also may explain the violent variability in intensity, polarization position angle, and jet direction in AO0235+164.
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| 10. |
- Ericson, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Visual Odometry System for Agricultural Field Robots
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science 2008, WCECS 2008, October 22 - 24, 2008, San Francisco, USA. - Hong Kong : International Association of Engineers. - 9789889867102 ; , s. 619-624
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we present a visual odometry system for agricultural field robots that is not sensitive to uneven terrain. A stereo camera system is mounted perpendicular to the ground and height and traveled distance are calculated using normalized cross correlation. A method for evaluating the system is developed, where flower boxes containing representative surfaces are placed in a metal-working lathe. The cameras are mounted on the carriage which can be positioned manually with 0.1 mm accuracy. Images are captured every 10 mm over 700 mm. The tests are performed on eight different surfaces representing real world situations. The resulting error is less than 0.6% of traveled distance on surfaces where the maximum height variation is measured to 96 mm. The variance is measured for eight test runs, total 5.6 m, to 0.040 mm. This accuracy is sufficient for crop-scale agricultural operations.
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